三聚氰胺-甲醛-三乙烯四胺树脂的合成及其对痕量银的吸附性能研究与应用

以甲醛为交联剂,以三聚氰胺、三乙烯四胺为原料合成了一种新型的三聚氰胺-甲醛-三乙烯四胺(MF-TETA)分离树脂,研究了MF-TETA分离树脂对痕量银的分离富集性能,探讨了MF-TETA分离树脂对银的吸附原理与最佳条件。在pH6.0、温度为35℃的条件下,试液中的银可被MF-TETA树脂定量吸附,其静态饱和吸附容量为32 mg/g,吸附在树脂上的银可用10 mL0.05 mol/L HNO3完全洗脱,洗脱液中的银用火焰原子吸收光谱法(FAAS)测定。该法对银的检出限为16 ng/mL(3σ,n=11),线性范围为0.05~5mg/mL,RSD=2.2%,回收率在95.8%~102.0%之间,方法可用于中草药中痕量银的测定。     

Synthesis and Properties of Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-acrylamide) Hydrogels

Poly (N-isopropylacrylamide-co-acrylamide) [Poly(NIPAAm-co-AAm)] with different feed ratios were obtained by radiation polymerization using Co⁶⁰γ-rays. Swelling equilibrium data in various media: deionized water, aqueous NaCl solutions and different pH buffer solutions, were determined. It appeared that the lower critical transition temperature (LCST) of the hydrogels increased with an increasing acrylamide content and decreased with increasing ionic strength. Moreover, LCST was affected by pH.     

微波技术在生物可降解聚合物合成中的研究进展

阐述了微波合成技术及微波化学仪器的发展历史,综述了微波辐射技术在生物可降解聚合物合成中的特点和优势,并针对其在直接缩聚法、开环聚合法以及共聚合成可生物降解聚合物中的应用和研究成果做了重点介绍。研究发现微波辐射技术具有大大降低聚合反应的时间和能耗,提高反应聚合速率、收率,且具有一定选择性的特性。而作为一种新型高效的加热方式,微波辐射技术为生物可降解聚合物合成甚至更多高分子材料的合成提供了新的思路。     

高效液相色谱-质谱/质谱对动物源性食品中噻酰菌胺残留的检测

建立了动物源性食品中噻酰菌胺残留量的检测方法。样品用乙酸乙酯匀浆提取,上清液采用冷冻过滤和凝胶渗透色谱除杂后,用氨基柱进一步净化,45℃氮吹至近干,用甲醇和去离子水定容。经电喷雾电离,负离子扫描,多反应离子监测模式检测,外标法定量。该方法对噻酰菌胺的定量下限为10μg/kg,线性范围为10.0~100.0μg/L,选用鸡肉、罗非鱼、牛肉、羊肝4种样品进行10、20、50μg/kg 3个水平的添加回收实验,回收率为68%~110%,RSD为3.2%~15.2%。该方法可满足动物源性食品中噻酰菌胺残留检测的需要。     

毛细管电泳发光二极管诱导荧光对免疫球蛋白G的检测

采用自行设计、组装的毛细管电泳光导纤维发光二极管诱导荧光检测装置,建立了一种直接测定免疫球蛋白G(IgG)的方法。以蓝色发光二极管(LED)为荧光检测器的激发光源,荧光素异硫氰酸酯(FITC)为柱前衍生试剂,采用毛细管区带电泳,以20 mmol/L硼砂缓冲溶液(pH9.2)为背景电解液进行分离检测。通过对衍生反应条件和电泳分离条件进行优化,确定了最佳实验条件,在该条件下,IgG的线性范围为4.5×10-8~1.2×10-6g/L,检出限为2.0×10-8g/L。该方法简单、高效、选择性好,无需前处理,可用于人血清中IgG含量的测定。     

烤鳗中6种农药残留量的液相色谱-质谱/质谱法同时测定

建立了烤鳗中苯胺灵、嘧菌酯、氨苯乙酯、氟酮唑草、丙蝇驱、唑螨酯6种农药残留的同时检测方法.烤鳗样品采用乙腈、中性氧化铝超声基体分散吸附、涡旋混合提取,Florisil固相萃取小柱净化、浓缩,以乙腈-乙酸铵缓冲液为流动相进行色谱分离,串联质谱检测.结果表明,6种化合物在0.5 ～1 000 μg/L范围内线性关系良好,方法的检出限为0.03 ～2.3 μg/kg,定量下限为0.09 ～7.7 μg/kg,平均加标回收率为75% ～104%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为1.6% ～15%,满足当前进出口残留控制要求.     

A theoretical study of the ion pair SN2 reaction between lithium isocyanates with methyl fluoride with inversion and retention mechanism

This paper is devoted to a detailed theoretical study of an ion pair S_N2 reaction LiNCO+CH₃F in the gas phase and in solution at the level of MP2(full)/6-31+G**//HF/6-31+G**. Two possible reaction mechanisms, inversion and retention, are discussed. There are eight possible reaction pathways. The inversion mechanism is more favorable no matter in the gas phase or in solution based on analyses of the transition structures. Methyl isocyanate should form preferentially in the gas phase and more stable methyl cyanate is the main product in solution. The retardation of the reaction in solvents was attributed to the difference in solvation in the separated reactants and in the transition state.     

A comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA) study using semiempirical, density functional, ab initio methods and pharmacophore derivation using DISCOtech on sigma 1 ligands

The Comparative Molecular Field Analysis (CoMFA) was developed to investigate a three-dimensional quantitative structure activity relationship (3D-QSAR) model of ligands for the sigma 1 receptor. The starting geometry of sigma-1 receptor ligands was obtained from the Tripos force field minimizations and conformations were decided from DISCOtech using the SYBYL 6.8. program. The structures of 48 molecules were fully optimized at the ab initio HF/3-21G* and semiempirical AM1 calculations using GAUSSIAN 98. The electrostatic charges were calculated using several methods such as semiempirical AM1, density functional B3LYP/3-21G*, and ab initio HF/3-21G*, MP2/3-21G* calculations within GAUSSIAN 98. Using the optimized geometries, the CoMFA results derived from the HF/3-21G method were better than those from AM1. The best CoMFA was obtained from HF/3-21G* optimized geometry and charges (R2 = 0.977). Using the optimized geometries, the CoMFA results derived from the HF/3-21G methods were better than those from AM1 calculations. The training set of 43 molecules gave higher R2 (0.989-0.977) from HF/3-21G* optimized geometries than R2 (0.966-0.911) values from AM1 optimized geometries. The test set of five molecules also suggested that HF/3-21G* optimized geometries produced good CoMFA models to predict bioactivity of sigma 1 receptor ligands but AM1 optimized geometries failed to predict reasonable bioactivity of sigma 1 receptor ligands using different calculations for atomic charges.     

Rhodium(III)‐Catalyzed [3+2]/[5+2] Annulation of 4‐Aryl 1,2,3‐Triazoles with Internal Alkynes through Dual C(sp2)H Functionalization

A rhodium(III)‐catalyzed [3+2]/[5+2] annulation of 4‐aryl 1‐tosyl‐1,2,3‐triazoles with internal alkynes is presented. This transformation provides straightforward access to indeno[1,7‐cd]azepine architectures through a sequence involving the formation of a rhodium(III) azavinyl carbene, dual C(sp²)? H functionalization, and [3+2]/[5+2] annulation.     

Wrinkled Graphene Monoliths as Superabsorbing Building Blocks for Superhydrophobic and Superhydrophilic Surfaces

Superhydrophobic and superhydrophilic surfaces are of great interest because of a large range of applications, for example, as antifogging and self‐cleaning coatings, as antibiofouling paints for boats, in metal refining, and for water–oil separation. An aqueous ink based on three‐dimensional graphene monoliths (Gr) can be used for constructing both superhydrophobic and superhydrophilic surfaces on arbitrary substrates with different surficial structures from the meso‐ to the macroscale. The surface wettability of a Gr‐coated surface mainly depends on which additional layers (air for a superhydrophobic surface and water for a superhydrophilic surface) are adsorbed on the surface of the graphene sheets. Switching a Gr‐coated surface between being superhydrophobic and superhydrophilic can thus be easily achieved by drying and prewetting with ethanol. The Gr‐based superhydrophobic membranes or films should have great potential as efficient separators for fast and gravity‐driven oil–water separation.