Antibody Response to the Haemophilus influenzae Type b–Tetanus Toxoid Conjugate Vaccine in Healthy and Infection-Prone Individuals with IgG3 Subclass Deficiency

Searching for a possible explanation for the phenotypic heterogeneity in IgG3 deficiency, we studied the antibody response to a polysaccharide and a protein antigen in IgG3-deficient (IgG3d) adults after vaccination with Haemophilus influenzae type b capsular polysaccharide (Hib CP) conjugated to tetanus toxoid. Distribution of isotypes, idiotypes, clonotypes, and Gm allotypes were compared. All the vaccinated individuals, irrespective of the level of IgG3 and proneness to infections, developed protective levels of anti-Hib CP. Significantly lower prevaccination levels of IgG2 (p < 0.05) and IgG4 anti-Hib CP (p < 0.04 and p < 0.03) were noted among the infection-prone compared to the healthy IgG3d individuals and/or controls. Seventy percent of the IgG3d patients and none of the controls had the low responding Gm(ga-n/ga-n) genotype, while the majority of the controls had the alternative Gm(bfn/bfn) genotype. The conjugate ACT-HIB vaccine efficiently overcomes the IgG3 subclass deficiency state and the genetic predisposition for lower responsiveness, providing protection against Hib and tetanus infections. The proneness to infection in some IgG3d individuals may relate to their low prevaccination antibody levels.     

142例窒息新生儿血清有关酶谱的研究

目的：研究新生儿窒息后血清有关酶谱改变对临床的指导意义。方法：测定１４２例围产期窒息儿入院２４ｈ内血清ＡＬＴ,ＡＳＴ,ＬＤＨ值,同时以３０例无窒息早产儿,足月小样儿作为对照,并结合胸片,心电图,头颅ＣＴ进行比较;结果：对照组与轻度窒息组无显著性差异（Ｐ〉０．０５）,ＡＳＴ,ＬＤＨ值对照组与重度窒息组有高度显著性差异（Ｐ〉０．００５）;轻度窒息组与重度窒息组有高度显著性差异（Ｐ〈０．０１和Ｐ〈０．０     

Plant virus-specific transport function. I. Virus genetic control required for systemic spread

Complementation of tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) mutant LS1 which is temperature-sensitive (ts) in virus transport function was studied in two model systems. The first one was aimed at complementing LS1 cell-to-cell spread through the tissues of the plant systemically preinfected with a temperature-resistant (tr) virus. Two different experiments were performed in this model system. (a) Use was made of a host plant which reacted differently to LS1 (local lesions) and to the helper virus (systemic reaction) at a permissive (24 degrees) temperature. Complementation occurred in a mixedly infected plant at a temperature which is nonpermissive for LS1 (32 degrees), when the necrotic reaction of the host was switched off; the complementation could be revealed upon the temperature shift treatment (TST) (24 --> 32 --> 24 degrees ). (b) Transport of LS1 from cell to cell in the presence of the helper virus was tested directly by immunofluorescent microscopy. In the second model system, the effect of virus transport from the conducting tissues of the stem into the cells of the leaf mesophyll, preinfected with the helper virus, was studied. It was shown that ts mutant LS1, imbibed through the stem, can move into and replicate in the mesophyll cells of the leaf which was preinfected with a tr-helper virus. This was true both at 24 and 32 degrees . On the other hand, LS1 itself could serve as a helper virus only at 24, but not at 32 degrees . In both model systems, it was demonstrated that ts transport can be complemented not only by a related tr TMV strain, but also by an unrelated virus-potato virus X. It has been suggested that a virus-specific transport function performed by the helper virus "opens the gates" for the dependent virus by an unknown modification of host cells.     

Brine Shrimp Toxicity Evaluation of Some Tanzanian Plants Used Traditionally for the Treatment of Fungal Infections

Plants which are used by traditional healers in Tanzania have been evaluated to obtain preliminary data of their toxicity using the brine shrimps test. The results indicate that 9 out of 44 plant species whose extracts were tested exhibited high toxicity with LC₅₀ values below 20µg/ml. These include Aloe lateritia Engl. (Aloaceae) [19.1µg/ml], Cassia abbreviata Oliv. (Caesalpiniaceae) [12.7µg/ml], Croton scheffleri Pax (Euphorbiaceae) [13.7µg/ml], Hymenodactyon parvifolium Brig (Rubiaceae) [13.4µg/ml], Kigelia Africana L. (Bignoniaceae) [7.2µg/ml], and Ocimum suave Oliv. (Labiatae) [16.7µg/ml]. Twelve plants gave LC₅₀ values between 21 and 50µg/ml, 11 plants gave LC₅₀ values between 50 and 100 µg/ml, and 18 plants gave LC₅₀ values greater than 100 µg/ml.     

神经纤维瘤病的脑部CT评价

目的：探讨神经纤维瘤病的脑部CT表现及其相关问题。方法：对15例经临床手术病理证实的神经纤维瘤病患者的临床资料与脑部CT资料进行了回顾性分析。结果：15例CT检查诊断为颅内肿瘤,其中双侧听神经瘤13例,脑膜瘤6例,单侧听神经瘤、三叉神经瘤、双侧脑室内肿瘤、胶质瘤各1例,侧脑室内脉络丛广泛钙化斑块6例。结论：CT扫描能直接全面地显示神经纤维瘤病在脑部的表现,对本病的诊断具有很高的价值。     

二尖瓣修复成形术的临床研究

目的 分析二尖瓣修复成形术治疗二尖瓣关闭不全患者的方法 及疗效.方法 对30例二尖瓣关闭不全患者行二尖瓣修复成形术.其中瓣膜退行性变10例、先天性心脏病合并二尖瓣关闭不全19例,黏液瘤合并二尖瓣关闭不全1例.采用瓣叶切除修复、瓣环成形、腱索缩短以及缘对缘等单一或联合术式.通过术中注水试验、食管超声以及术后心功能改善情况来判断二尖瓣成形手术的效果.结果 30例患者全部存活,术中注水试验良好.术后心功能改善Ⅰ级28例、Ⅱ级2例,随访1～5年无患者再次行二尖瓣置换术.结论 选择合适患者,采用单一或联合二尖瓣成形方法 治疗二尖瓣关闭不全,可以取得满意的疗效.     

N-甲基-4-苯基1,2,3,6-四氢吡啶及多巴胺体外引起大鼠脑线粒体损伤作用

目的：观察1-甲基,4-苯基1,2,3,6-四氢吡啶（MPTP）和多巴胺对大鼠脑线粒体损伤作用。方法：大鼠脑线粒体与MPTP和多巴胺温孵后测定膜流动性、膜电位、线粒体肿胀、总ATP酶、呼吸链复合酶活性及线粒体H₂O₂, 和丙二醛（MDA）含量。结果：二者可降低线粒体膜流动性,MPTP损伤线粒体膜电位,对线粒体肿胀、总ATP酶活性无影响;多巴胺不改变膜电位,却抑制总ATP酶活性,导致线粒体肿胀。二者均增加线粒体中MDA含量。多巴胺使H₂O₂和生成增加,MPTP仅增加H₂O₂生成。多巴胺抑制呼吸链复合酶活性,MPTP略有激活作用。结论：MPTP与多巴胺损伤线粒体作用的不同, 可能与通过不同途径刺激氧自由基生成有关。     

Antiinflammatory effects of adalimumab,tocilizumab, and steroid on lipopolysaccharide-induced lung injury

Background/aimAcute lung injury (ALI) is a major cause of death in the intensive care unit. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced lung injury is the most widely used experimental ALI model and provides opportunities for new targeting therapy. In this study, we investigated the effects of tocilizumab, adalimumab, and methylprednisolone in LPS-induced acute lung injury.Materials and methodsLung injury was established by intratracheal instillation of LPS. The rats were randomly divided into six groups: LPS, control, and treatment groups (adalimumab, tocilizumab, methylprednisolone, adalimumab + tocilizumab). Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and lung tissues were collected at 48 h and 96 h following LPS administration from each group. For histological analysis, hematoxylin–eosin (H&E) staining was performed. The sections were obtained for immunohistochemical analysis. IL-6 and TNF-alpha immunoreactivity were measured. ResultsIntratracheal LPS application resulted in inflammatory cell infiltration of interstitial and alveolar spaces and thickening of the alveolar wall. All treatment groups showed significantly amelioration compared to LPS at 48 h. Interestingly, adalimumab and adalimumab + tocilizumab groups showed a significant amelioration of the lung histoarchitecture, compared to the prednisolone group at 96 h (p = 0.028, p = 0.025, respectively). Compared to the control group, LPS stimulation resulted in a significant increase in IL-6 and TNF-alpha immunoreactivity (p < 0.001). IL-6 and TNF-alpha expression were markedly reduced in all treatment groups at 48 h but the reduction was greater in the adalimumab and tocilizumab group than in the steroid. Administration with adalimumab and/or tocilizumab effectively decreased expression of TNF-alpha (p = 0.001) and IL-6 (p < 0.001) at 96 h, but prednisolone did not exert an effective decrease (p > 0.05). ConclusionAdalimumab and/or tocilizumab significantly reduce the release of proinflammatory cytokines and improve the tissue inflammation in the experimental model of ALI. Our results suggest that adalimumab and/or tocilizumab have a more potent antiinflammatory effect on lung injury than the steroid.     

病理性近视合并共同性外斜视的联合手术治疗

目的探讨后巩膜加固联合外斜视矫正术治疗病理性近视合并共同性外斜视的安全性和有效性。方法回顾性系列病例研究。分析在郑州市眼科医院住院行手术治疗的32例病理性近视合并共同性外斜视患者的病历资料。其中联合手术组18例,即采用异体巩膜行后巩膜加固的同时联合外斜视矫正术（外直肌后徙或联合内直肌截除）;分期手术组14例,即分期行后巩膜加固术和外斜视矫正术,比较两种手术方式的疗效。随访12～30个月,平均18．5个月。数据采用X^2检验和fisher确切概率法进行分析。结果术后3个月,联合手术组矫正视力提高或无变化者占82％,在分期手术组也占82％;双眼视功能较术前改善和恢复者在两组分别有4例和l例;对美容效果满意（眼位在±5。内或三棱镜度±10^△内）者在两组分别占83％和86％;屈光度稳定（增加≤0．50D／年）者在两组分别占75％和73％;眼轴稳定（增长≤0．3mm／年）者在两组分别占75％和77％;上述指标两组差异均无统计学意义。两组患者均未发生视网膜脱离、眼前节缺血等严重并发症。不同程度的结膜筋膜水肿和复视较常见。结论联合手术是治疗病理性近视合并共同性外斜视的一种安全有效的方法,具有单次手术,疗效好,费用低等优点。同时术中解剖层次清晰,视野暴露好,避免了分期手术的黏连所致的操作困难。