The effects in the rat of two fragments of parathyroid hormone-related protein on uterine contractions in situ.

Synthetic parathyroid hormone fragment PTH(1-34) has been reported recently to inhibit uterine contractions stimulated by a variety of agonists. We have studied the effect in this system of the parathyroid hormone-related protein fragment PTHrP(1-34) which shows 60% homology with PTH over the first thirteen amino acid residues. The effects of two different PTHrP fragments on acetylcholine-stimulated uterine contractions in vitro were studied. Whereas synthetic hPTHrP(75-86 amide) (10(-9)-10(-7) M) was without effect, synthetic hPTHrP(1-34) (10(-9)-10(-7) M) was capable of inhibiting, in a dose-related fashion, uterine muscle contractions precontracted with 10(-6) M-acetylcholine. In a second series of experiments the bovine PTH(3-34) fragment itself was shown to have no stimulatory effect on acetylcholine-stimulated contractions. Also this fragment in an equimolar concentration (10(-7) M) failed to antagonize the effects of PTHrP(1-34) on acetylcholine-stimulated uterine contractions. However, a 100-fold excess molar concentration of bPTH(3-34) (10(-6) M) completely abolished the inhibitory action of hPTHrP(1-34) (10(-8) M) on acetylcholine-stimulated uterine contractions. These results clearly show that the inhibitory action of PTH(1-34) and PTHrP(1-34) on uterine contractions depends on the integrity of the amino-terminal region of the molecule.     

国产长效皮下埋植避孕剂的临床应用

1992年我院用国产长效皮下埋植避孕剂(左旋18-甲基炔诺酮),对600例育龄妇女进行皮下埋植,经1年随访,结果显示:国产长效皮下埋植剂的避孕效果达100％。600例中10例因出现月经异常而终止使用,其持续使用率为98.33％,获得了与进口长效皮下埋植避孕剂相同的效果。     

佛山市城区集体儿童健康状况调查分析

目的了解佛山市城区集体儿童健康状况,以制定干预措施。方法采用随机整群抽样的方法,抽取本市城区共15间幼儿园,并对各间园所的儿童体检的资料数据进行整理和分析。结果佛山市集体儿童缺点总检出率为71.40%。其中私营幼儿园儿童缺点患病率明显高于事业单位的幼儿园(P<0.05),有显著性差异。儿童骨矿物质测定缺钙的检出率为13.73%。男女儿童无性别差异。结论今后继续加强对幼儿园的管理工作,私营的幼儿园管理工作是我们今后管理工作的重点,做好防治工作,降低患病率,增强儿童的身心健康。     

健康教育项目设计PRECEDE诊断评价模式

美国著名健康教育专家Lawrence W.Green 提出的健康教育项目设计PRECEDE 诊断评价模式,站在社会健康的宏观高度,全面规划健康教育内容、方式与作用环节,并从项目设计开始就将监测评价纳入项目内容。由于设计思维的缜密与方法的科学性,保证了健康教育项目能够紧紧抓住重点健康问题,做到有的放矢。因此,在模式的引进和使用过程中,应结合我国妇幼卫生的现状和当地的实际情况,设计出适合我国国情的妇幼卫生健康教育项目规划,为发展我国妇幼卫生事业服务。     

安桃乐气体吸入在分娩镇痛中对母婴影响的观察分析

目的:探讨安桃乐(ENTONOX)气体吸入对分娩镇痛及母婴结局的影响。方法:将181名无产科或内科合并症的住院产妇随机分成两组,一组由家属全程陪护,另一组由家属全程陪护+安桃乐气体吸入,观察两组产妇的镇痛效果、产程进展、分娩方式、新生儿Apgar评分情况、产后出血量。结果:ENTONOX吸入对分娩镇痛有效率达98.2％,显效率达80.7％,对产程进展有促进作用,对分娩方式、围产儿结局、产后出血量无显著性差异。结论:ENTONOX吸入镇痛是一种安全、有效的辅助分娩技术,作用迅速、费用低廉,是产妇乐意接受的镇痛方法。     

城市社区医疗预防保健人员知识与技能的需求调查

通过对405名城市基层医疗预防保健人员的知识和技能的需求调查看出,面对医学模式的转变,社区居民医疗预防保健需求的不断增长,他们现有的知识和技能已极不适应。2/3以上的人员认为以往所学的知识不够用,较普遍地要求增加预防医学、临床医学等课程的学习,提高疾病诊断、群众工作、组织交往、科研的能力。调查为基层在职医学教育提供了参考依据。     

心理干预对产妇产后抑郁及儿童心理发育影响的初步探讨

目的:探讨防治产后抑郁、促进儿童心理发育的方法和效果.方法:在围产期门诊按单、双号随机将首诊妊娠妇女分为实验组和对照组,对实验组216名孕妇进行系统心理保健,包括产前、产后集体心理卫生宣教、产后情绪监测、综合性心理治疗等心理干预措施,对对照组183名孕妇进行一般保健.分别采用Zung氏抑郁自评量表(SDS)定期监测两组妇女的情绪问题,用丹佛智能发育筛查表(DDST)监测两组儿童的智能发育,用Achenbach儿童行为量表(CBCL2～3岁家长用)评价儿童的行为发育.结果:实验组比对照组产妇产后不同时期的抑郁状态的发生率(x2=40.35～4.81,P均＜0.05～0.01)和抑郁症的患病率(3.7%/10.38%,x2=7,P＜0.01)均低,差异有显著性.两组儿童各年龄阶段DDST结果可疑和异常的发生率(x2=6.8～4.6,P＜0.05～0.01)差异显著.两组儿童2岁时行为问题发生率,经统计学检验均具有显著性差异(x2=16.3,P＜0.01),儿童行为部分因子分之间有显著差异(P＜0.05).结论:提示在儿童心理保健门诊对妇女进行有计划有目的的心理健康教育、情绪评定和及时的综合心理治疗,有利于防治产后抑郁及促进儿童心理发育.     

Epidemiology of adverse drug reactions in intensive care units. A multicentre prospective survey

Summary Clinically relevant events possibly attributable to drug exposure have been monitored prospectively over a period of six months in 27 general intensive care units. Fifty-four events attributed to drugs were reported in 51 patients during their stay in hospital, corresponding to an overall incidence of 1.35%. The behaviour of the physicians following attribution of the events to a prescribed drug is analyzed and discussed in detail with respect to its relationship to the quality and severity of the reaction, and the classes of drugs. Twenty-four of the 4537 monitored admissions during the six months were due to life-threatening emergencies linked to the administration of drugs (14) and radio-contrast media (10) (overall incidence 0.5%). While the clinical burden attributable to adverse drug reactions in Intensive Care Units appears to be relatively small, the analysis shows that there is ample room for a greater reduction in their incidence. Coordinators: Drs M. L. Farina and G. Tognoni, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milan; Dr F. Procaccio, Neurosurgical ICU, Ospedale Ca' Granda, Niguarda, Milan.Investigators: Drs G. Barusco, Rovigo; F. Bassi, Milan; L. Bianchetti, Torino; E. Carchietti, Udine; G. Chilloni, Reggio Emilia; G. Costantini, Savigliano (CN); P. Ferrero, Aosta; E. Geat, Trento; F. Gorgerino, Torino; A. Lusini, Empoli (FI); G. Mantovani, Ferrara; S. Marchi, Bologna; P. Marcovigi, Forli; G. Marraro, Merate (CO); F. Merlo, Vicenza; E. Pagni, Bagno a Ripoli (FI); R. Pellegrino, Cuneo; C. Peruselli, Milan; A. Piovesano, Pordenone; R. Rinaldo, Cremona; R. Ruggerini, Piacenza; S. Sammartino, Torino; A. Sartore, Cittadella (PD); A. Scaglioli, Carpi (MO); G. Scopa, Terni; G. Zeffiro, Treviso; P. Zuccoli, Parma