Partielle spezifische refraktionen von polymethylmethacrylat und polystyrol. I. Einfluß verschiedener lösungsmittel

The partial specific refractions according to the formulae of LORENTZ -LORENZ , GLADSTONE -DALE , and EYKMAN , respectively, have been determined for poly-(methyl methacrylate) in the solvents acetone, ethylacetate, butylacetate, tetrahydrofurane, dioxane, chloroform, toluene, and benzene, and also for polystyrene in butanone, dioxane, toluene, and benzene. It is shown that these values, which were obtained from experimental data of the refractive index increment, the refractive index of solution, and the partial specific volume with an accuracy of ± 0.1% are not completely independent of solvent. The largest difference was 1.3% in LORENTZ -LORENZ refractios, whereas the EYKMAN refraction seems to the smallest extend sensible against influences of solvatation. It is discussed, whether these effects bear some systematic feature. With respect to light scattering measurements it should be noticed, that refractive index increments may have an error of up to several percents, if calculated from a specific refraction value in another solvent.     

Akute Toxizität von Endomid® und seinen Metaboliten. Korrelation zwischen biologischer Aktivität und lipophilen Eigenschaften

Acute Toxicity of Endomide and Its Metabolites. Correlation between Biological Activity and Lipophilic Properties The medium letal doses of endomide ( 1 ) and of five of its metabolites 2 – 6 have been estimated in the mouse. Toxicity decreases from 1 to 6 . A risk as a consequence of metabolization can thus be excluded. The solubilities, the n-Octanol/water partition coefficients, the R_M values and the permeation rates in an in vitro absorption model have been estimated for 1 – 6 and put into relation with the biological activities.     

S2k-Leitlinie der PEG zur kalkulierten parenteralen Initialtherapie bakterieller Erkrankungen bei Erwachsenen

In January 2018 the recent revision of the S2k guidelines on calculated parenteral initial treatment of bacterial diseases in adults—update 2018 (Editor: Paul Ehrlich Society for Chemotherapy, PEG) was realized. It is a helpful tool for the complex infectious disease setting in an intensive care unit. The present summary of the guidelines focuses on the topics of anti-infective agents, including new substances, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics as well as on microbiology, resistance development and recommendations for calculated drug therapy in septic patients. As in past revisions the recent resistance situation and results of new clinical studies are considered and anti-infective agents are summarized in a table.     

Usefulness of multidetector computed tomography for noninvasive evaluation of coronary arteries in asymptomatic patients

This editorial addresses the capabilities, limitations, and potential of multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) for the noninvasive evaluation of coronary arteries in asymptomatic patients. The quantification of coronary calcium with MDCT correlates highly with that obtained by electron-beam computed tomography, but to date, neither has the capability of assessing the distribution of various morphologic patterns of calcium and their relation to other "soft" plaque components. Although MDCT can assess the thickness of the atherosclerotic wall and can readily identify calcific deposits, further plaque characterization (e.g., lipid pools and fibrous tissue), a prerequisite for the identification of most vulnerable lesions, is not yet a workable reality, even with the 64-slice machines in their current configuration. The noninvasive identification by MDCT of plaque components subtending vulnerable lesions will require additional improvement in the primary instrumentation, the use of hybrid constructs (e.g., with positron emission tomography and magnetic resonance imaging), the development of novel methods of post-acquisitional analysis to extract latent images of plaque components (e.g., signal analysis based on 3-dimensional wavelets), or the adaptation of molecular imaging techniques at the cell and gene levels to computed tomography. Such unique approaches may soon contribute a long list of additional parameters that could be evaluated on a noninvasive basis as predictors of acute coronary syndromes and overall patient vulnerability.     

Aktualisierte Kurzfassung der Leitlinien zur Pr?vention, Diagnostik und Therapie der nosokomial erworbenen Pneumonie

ZusammenfassungHintergrund:  Die nosokomiale Pneumonie gehört zu den häufigsten nosokomialen Infektionen und ist die häufigste auf der Intensivstation. Die nosokomiale Pneumonie ist mit einer signifikanten Mortalität und Morbidität assoziiert, und ihr Auftreten verschlechtert die Prognose des Patienten deutlich. Nach der Definition der DRGs auch im deutschen Krankenhaussystem ist die nosokomiale Pneumonie überwiegend Sache des Krankenhauses und kann somit nicht nur das Ergebnis der Patientenbehandlung, sondern auch das finanzielle Ergebnis des Krankenhauses beeinträchtigen.Ziel:  In diesem Sinne kommt vor allem der Prävention, aber auch der Diagnostik und der schweregradadaptierten Therapie eine ganz entscheidende Bedeutung zu. Die hier vorgelegte aktualisierte Kurzfassung der Leitlinien zur Prävention, Diagnostik und Therapie der nosokomial erworbenen Pneumonie soll helfen, das Problem noch bewusster zu machen und gleichzeitig durch ein praxisnahes Arbeitsblatt die Dokumentation auf der Intensivstation zu erleichtern.* An der Ausarbeitung dieses Textes waren außerdem beteiligt: S. Ewig, Bochum, M. Trautmann, Stuttgart, und darüber hinaus J. Barth, Halle; K. Dalhoff, Lübeck; B. Grabein, München; M. Kresken, Bonn; E. Müller, Trier; T. Schaberg, Rotenburg a. d. W.; B. Wiedemann, Bonn, und K. Brodt, Frankfurt a. M.; G. Höffken, Dresden; H. Lode, Berlin; J. Meyer, Duisburg; U. Ullmann, Kiel; K. S. Unertl, Tübingen.