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91.
Detection and deletion of motion artifacts in electrogastrogram using feature analysis and neural networks 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
Electrogastrogram is a surface measurement of gastric myoelectrical activity, and electrogastrography has been an attractive
method for physiological and pathophysiological studies of the stomach due to its nonivasive nature. Motion artifacts, however,
ruin the electrogastrogram (EGG), and make the analysis very difficult and sometimes even impossible. They must be eliminated
from EGG signals before analysis. Up to now, this can only be done by visual inspection, which is not only time-consuming
but also subjective. In this study, a method using feature analysis and neural networks has been developed to realize automatic
detection and elimination of the motion artifacts in EGG recordings by computer. Experiments were conducted to investigate
the characteristics of different motion artifacts. Useful features were extracted, and different combinations of the features
used as the input of the neural network were compared to obtain the optimal performance for the detection of motion artifacts
using the artificial neural network. 相似文献
92.
Traub RD Contreras D Cunningham MO Murray H LeBeau FE Roopun A Bibbig A Wilent WB Higley MJ Whittington MA 《Journal of neurophysiology》2005,93(4):2194-2232
To better understand population phenomena in thalamocortical neuronal ensembles, we have constructed a preliminary network model with 3,560 multicompartment neurons (containing soma, branching dendrites, and a portion of axon). Types of neurons included superficial pyramids (with regular spiking [RS] and fast rhythmic bursting [FRB] firing behaviors); RS spiny stellates; fast spiking (FS) interneurons, with basket-type and axoaxonic types of connectivity, and located in superficial and deep cortical layers; low threshold spiking (LTS) interneurons, which contacted principal cell dendrites; deep pyramids, which could have RS or intrinsic bursting (IB) firing behaviors, and endowed either with nontufted apical dendrites or with long tufted apical dendrites; thalamocortical relay (TCR) cells; and nucleus reticularis (nRT) cells. To the extent possible, both electrophysiology and synaptic connectivity were based on published data, although many arbitrary choices were necessary. In addition to synaptic connectivity (by AMPA/kainate, NMDA, and GABA(A) receptors), we also included electrical coupling between dendrites of interneurons, nRT cells, and TCR cells, and--in various combinations--electrical coupling between the proximal axons of certain cortical principal neurons. Our network model replicates several observed population phenomena, including 1) persistent gamma oscillations; 2) thalamocortical sleep spindles; 3) series of synchronized population bursts, resembling electrographic seizures; 4) isolated double population bursts with superimposed very fast oscillations (>100 Hz, "VFO"); 5) spike-wave, polyspike-wave, and fast runs (about 10 Hz). We show that epileptiform bursts, including double and multiple bursts, containing VFO occur in rat auditory cortex in vitro, in the presence of kainate, when both GABA(A) and GABA(B) receptors are blocked. Electrical coupling between axons appears necessary (as reported previously) for persistent gamma and additionally plays a role in the detailed shaping of epileptogenic events. The degree of recurrent synaptic excitation between spiny stellate cells, and their tendency to fire throughout multiple bursts, also appears critical in shaping epileptogenic events. 相似文献
93.
Distribution of type I, II, III and V in the pepsin solubilized collagens in bovine menisci 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
H S Cheung 《Connective tissue research》1987,16(4):343-356
The inner one-third (IM) of both lateral and medial menisci resembles hyaline cartilage, both in gross appearance and histological examination, while the outer two-thirds (OM) is fibrocartilaginous in appearance. Collagen was extracted with pepsin, purified with anion and cation exchange column chromatographies and examined by differential salt precipitation, cyanogen bromide-peptide analysis and SDS gel electrophoresis. IM constitutes approximately 10% of the wet weight of whole meniscus, is made up of 70% collagen of which 34% is pepsin soluble. IM is composed of 60% type II and 40% type I collagen. OM is made up of 80% collagen of which 17% is pepsin soluble. The predominant collagen of OM is type I with a trace amount of types III and V (less than 1%). 相似文献
94.
De Boer RH Roskos LK Cheung E Fox S Basser RL Marty J Begley CG Cebon J 《Growth factors (Chur, Switzerland)》2000,18(3):215-226
Phase I studies with pegylated megakaryocyte growth and development factor (PEG-rHuMGDF), a c-Mpl ligand that stimulates megakaryopoiesis, have demonstrated that PEG-rHuMGDF is biologically active alone and causes a dose-related enhancement of platelet recovery when administered after chemotherapy. Here we report the dose-ranging pharmacokinetics of PEG-rHuMGDF. Pre-injection blood samples were drawn daily for pharmacokinetic studies on 43 patients. An ELISA, established using PEG-rHuMGDF as the standard, was able to quantitate Mpl ligand at concentrations > 0.02 ng/mL. Over the dose range 0.03 to 5.0 microg/kg/day, subcutaneous administration produced linear increases in steady-state serum levels. Maximum levels of PEG-rHuMGDF attained after 5.0 microg/kg/day were 5.88 to 10.9 ng/mL. After discontinuation of PEG-rHuMGDF, concentrations of Mpl ligand returned to baseline within 5 days. The pharmacokinetics were best described by a one-compartment model with first-order absorption, an absorption delay, and non linear clearance over the first 48 hours. The mean terminal half-life was 33.3 + 16.7 hours, and the average apparent at steady state was 27.7 + 14.0 mL/h/kg; both were independent of administered dose. The apparent clearance of PEG-rHuMGDF was not predicted by platelet count. Administration of chemotherapy and Filgrastim did not alter the pharmacokinetics of PEG-rHuMGDF. 相似文献
95.
The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor- (PPAR), first identified in 1990 as a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily, has a central role in the regulation of numerous target genes encoding proteins that modulate fatty acid transport and catabolism. PPAR is the molecular target for the widely prescribed lipid-lowering fibrate drugs and the diverse class of chemicals collectively referred to as peroxisome proliferators. The lipid-lowering function of PPAR occurs across a number of mammalian species, thus demonstrating the essential role of this nuclear receptor in lipid homeostasis. In contrast, prolonged administration of PPAR agonists causes hepatocarcinogenesis, specifically in rats and mice, indicating that PPAR also mediates this effect. There is no strong evidence that the low-affinity fibrate ligands are associated with cancer in humans, but it still remains a possibility that chronic activation with high-affinity ligands could be carcinogenic in humans. It is now established that the species difference between rodents and humans in response to peroxisome proliferators is due in part to PPAR. The cascade of molecular events leading to liver cancer in rodents involves hepatocyte proliferation and oxidative stress, but the PPAR target genes that mediate this response are unknown. This review focuses on the current understanding of the role of PPAR in hepatocarcinogenesis and identifies future research directions that should be taken to delineate the mechanisms underlying PPAR agonist-induced hepatocarcinogenesis. 相似文献
96.
Hand involvement in Schmid metaphyseal chondrodysplasia 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Elliott AM Field FM Rimoin DL Lachman RS 《American journal of medical genetics. Part A》2005,(2):191-193
Schmid metaphyseal chondrodysplasia (Schmid MCD, MIM 156500) is caused by mutations in the COL10A1 gene and is clinically characterized by short stature, bowed legs, and a waddling gait. Radiographic findings include anterior cupping, sclerosis and splaying of the ribs, diffuse metaphyseal flaring, and irregularity that is most pronounced at the knees, coxa vara, and femoral bowing. We reviewed the radiographs of Schmid MCD patients at the International Skeletal Dysplasia Registry in Los Angeles for evidence of hand involvement. We found hand involvement in 47% (7/15) of cases included in our analysis. These changes were subtle and consisted of shortening of the tubular bones and metaphyseal cupping of the proximal phalanges and metacarpals. Mild hand involvement is a common feature of Schmid MCD. 相似文献
97.
Cheung NT Fung KW Wong KC Cheung A Cheung J Ho W Cheung C Shung E Fung V Fung H 《International journal of medical informatics》2001,62(2-3):113-119
Since its inception in 1990, the Hospital Authority (HA) has strongly supported the development and implementation of information systems both to improve the delivery of care and to make better information available to managers. This paper summarizes the progress to date and discusses current and future developments. Following the first two phases of the HA information technology strategy the basic infrastructural elements were laid in place. These included the foundation administrative and financial systems and databases; establishment of a wide area network linking all hospitals and clinics together; laboratory, radiology and pharmacy systems with access to results in the ward. A major push into clinical systems began in 1994 with the clinical management system (CMS), which established a clinical workstation for use in both ward and ambulatory settings. The CMS is now running at all major hospitals, and provides single logon access to almost all the electronically collected clinical data in the HA. The next phase of development is focussed on further support for clinical activities in the CMS. Key elements include the longitudinal electronic patient record (ePR), clinical order entry, generic support for clinical reports, broadening the scope to include allied health and the rehabilitative phase, clinical decision support, an improved clinical documentation framework, sharing of clinical information with other health care providers and a comprehensive data repository for analysis and reporting purposes. 相似文献
98.
99.
Fiona Murray Paul A. Insel Jason X.-J. Yuan 《Respiratory physiology & neurobiology》2006,151(2-3):192
High altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE) is a potentially fatal complication in response to exposure to low O2 at high altitudes. Hypoxia, by causing pulmonary vasoconstriction, increases pulmonary vascular resistance and pulmonary arterial pressure, both of which are features in the pathogenesis of HAPE. Uneven hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction is thought to be responsible for increased capillary pressure and leakage, resulting in edema. O2-sensitive ion channels are known to play pivotal roles in determining vascular tone in response to hypoxia. K+, Ca2+ and Na+ channels are ubiquitously expressed in both endothelial and smooth muscle cells of the pulmonary microvasculature, subfamilies of which are regulated by local changes in PO2. Hypoxia reduces activity of voltage-gated K+ channels and down-regulates their expression leading to membrane depolarization, Ca2+ influx in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (by activating voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels) and vasoconstriction. Hypoxia up-regulates transient receptor potential channels (TRPC) leading to enhanced Ca2+ entry through receptor- and store-operated Ca2+ channels. Altered enrichment of ion channels in membrane microdomains, in particular in caveolae, may play a role in excitation–contraction coupling and perhaps in O2-sensing in the pulmonary circulation and thereby may contribute to the development of HAPE. We review the role of ion channels, in particular those outlined above, in response to low O2 on vascular tone and pulmonary edema. Advances in the understanding of ion channels involved in the physiological response to hypoxia should lead to a greater understanding of the pathogenesis of HAPE and perhaps in the identification of new therapies. 相似文献
100.