亚低温对大鼠短暂性脑缺血迟发性神经元死亡的影响

目的 观察亚低温（33℃）对大鼠短暂性脑缺血后神经元的保护作用。方法 32只DS大鼠分为假手术组、常温缺血组和即刻亚低温组，采用尼氏体亚甲蓝特殊染色观察存活神经元、原位细胞凋亡检测法（TUNEL染色）检测及电镜观察脑缺血后大鼠CA1区神经元凋亡情况。结果 与假手术组相比，常温缺血组海马CA1区存活的锥体细胞数目减少（P＜0．01）；与常温缺血组相比，亚低温缺血组海马CA1区存活的锥体细胞数目明显增多（P＜0．01）。亚低温缺血组大鼠海马CA1区TUNEL染色阳性细胞数目明显少于常温缺血组（P＜0．01）。结论 脑缺血后迟发性神经元死亡很可能通过凋亡途径，亚低温对缺血后神经元的保护作用与减少神经元凋亡有关。     

血清铁和铁蛋白与肝病患者肝纤维化指标的关系

OBJECTIVE: To study the relationship of serum iron and ferritin with the indicators for hepatic fibrosis and hepatic iron overload. METHODS: Liver tissue specimens were obtained from 41 patients with benign (16) or malignant (25) liver diseases by 1 second liver biopsy, and routine microscopic examination was performed after haematoxylin-eosin (HE) and Perl's Prussian staining. Atomic absorption spectrum, radioimmunoassay and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were respectively employed to examine the serum levels of iron, ferritin, hyaluronic acid, laminin, human procollagen type , and collagen type . RESULTS: Between patients with benign and malignant liver diseases, significant differences were found in the serum ferritin levels (P < 0.05), but not in serum iron levels (P > 0.05). It was also noted that the levels of the indicators for hepatic fibrosis in patients with benign and early-stage malignant diseases varied significantly from the levels in normal subjects, but these differences were not observed between normal subjects and patients with end-stage hepatic malignancies. Serum iron and ferritin were found to be associated with serum laminin levels (serum iron: r=0.439, P=0.031; serum ferritin: r=0.476, P=0.016), and no iron granules detected in the tissue specimens of hepatocellular carcinoma. CONCLUSIONS: Most of the patients with hepatocellular carcinoma have elevated serum ferritin levels. The serum levels of iron and ferritin are statistically correlated with serum laminin level. Obvious reduction of iron content is typical of hepatic malignant tissues in comparison with the benign tissues, and the reduction in the levels of the indicators for hepatic fibrosis might involve the inhibition of collagen synthesis in the tumor tissues from patients with end-stage hepatocellular carcinoma. Most of the cases of alcoholic fatty liver are complicated by liver iron overload, often marked by serum iron and ferritin levels.     

Single-shot ADC imaging for fMRI.

It has been suggested that apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) contrast can be sensitive to cerebral blood flow (CBF) changes during brain activation. However, current ADC imaging techniques have an inherently low temporal resolution due to the requirement of multiple acquisitions with different b-factors, as well as potential confounds from cross talk between the deoxyhemoglobin-induced background gradients and the externally applied diffusion-weighting gradients. In this report a new method is proposed and implemented that addresses these two limitations. Specifically, a single-shot pulse sequence that sequentially acquires one gradient-echo (GRE) and two diffusion-weighted spin-echo (SE) images was developed. In addition, the diffusion-weighting gradient waveform was numerically optimized to null the cross terms with the deoxyhemoglobin-induced background gradients to fully isolate the effect of diffusion weighting from that of oxygenation-level changes. The experimental results show that this new single-shot method can acquire ADC maps with sufficient signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), and establish its practical utility in functional MRI (fMRI) to complement the blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) technique and provide differential sensitivity for different vasculatures to better localize neural activity originating from the small vessels.     

子宫动脉栓塞治疗子宫肌瘤的随访研究

目的探讨子宫动脉栓塞治疗子宫肌瘤的临床疗效。方法对47例子宫肌瘤患者进行选择性子宫动脉造影及栓塞治疗并进行术后随访,观察其子宫肌瘤血供特点、临床疗效、肌瘤复发率。结果子宫肌瘤以一侧子宫动脉供血为主占85.1%,双侧子宫动脉同时供血14.9%,卵巢动脉参与供血6.4%。随访47例患者,治愈17%,显效68%,有效12.7%,无效2.12%,随访6～48个月未发现术后再发肌瘤。结论子宫动脉栓塞治疗子宫肌瘤的方法安全有效,特别是对黏膜下子宫肌瘤可以达到瘤体消失治愈的效果。     

Treatment of severe subglottic laryngotracheal stenosis using hyoid graft with sternohyoid muscle flap]

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the possibility and reliability of the hyoid-sternohyoid graft transfer in the correction of server subglottic laryngotracheal stenosis, and delineate the operation skills and clinical results. METHODS: Seven patients with severe subglottic stenosis underwent laryngotracheal reconstruction using the hyoid grafts with sternohyoid muscle flaps (HG-SHMF). Five of these patients had traumatic subglottic stenosis, one with scar tissue of unknown etiology arising in the subglottic region, another with tracheal narrowing caused by inhalation of hydrochloric acid. RESULTS: All seven patients were successfully decannulated with moderate good voice. The average time from reconstruction to decannulation was 15.4 months. The stent was endoscopically removed with a range of 3 to 22 months; the mean time required for stenting was 9.6 months. Two patients who received additional salvage reconstruction procedures because of graft or stent displacement were extubated with improved voices and satisfactory airway. CONCLUSIONS: The HG-SHMF transfer was a single-stage reconstruction, relatively simple procedure that can restore an adequate airway and a good voice. Patients undergoing laryngotracheal reconstruction with HG-SHMF must have regular, long-term follow-up since graft displacement and recurrent granulation tissue or scar reformation can cause restenosis after an initially successful surgery. This procedure should be used in a large number of patients to further test its reliability.     

“以学生为中心”教学模式在医学教育中的运用 FREE

“以学生为中心”教学模式是美国医学教育的基本点，是一种比较成功和有特色的教育模式［1］。笔者在美国加洲大学San Diego分校(UCSD)工作期间，通过与美国大学教师和学生的广泛接触，亲身感受到了中国医学教育与美国医学教育的差别，认为我国目前传统的医学教育与发达国家还存在很大的差别，主要表现在我国目前的教育模式从小学到大学，仍然为传统的“填鸭式”教学，即“以教师为中心”的教学模式，学生缺乏独立思考，自我表现，自我创新的机会。这在医学教育中表现尤其明显，学生很多时候并没有真正理解所学内容，为了考试去死记硬背。这样培养出来的学生往往高分低能，而很多有创造性的医学人才也不能脱颖而出。在美国笔者所在的大学，在生物和医学研究方面，有4位诺贝尔奖获得者，笔者感觉我们很多硬件并不逊于国外大学，而我们为什么没有诺贝尔奖获得者呢？其中一个很重要的原因就是我们培养的学生缺乏独立创造能力，在素质和能力方面远逊于国外大学。
鉴于“以教师为中心”的教学模式存在很多弊端，笔者在我校2004级临床医学7年制49名学生的传染病学临床教学中，大力推行了“以学生为中心”的教学模式，主要体现以下几方面。     

图片学习测验在识别老年人轻微认知功能损害中的作用

目的　分析图片学习测验在识别老年人轻微认知功能损害 (MCI)中的作用。方法　选择符合MCI诊断标准的老年人 4 8例与正常对照组 5 6名完成图片学习测验、简易智能状态检查、听觉词语学习测验及多种非记忆测验。结果　图片学习测验的 3个记忆指标 (图片短时记忆、延迟记忆和学习记忆 )在MCI与正常对照组之间有非常显著的差异。已经给出这三个图片记忆指标区分MCI与正常老年人的划界分、敏感性和特异性。结论　图片记忆操作简便、信度和效度好 ,可以作为临床医师筛选MCI的有效工具     

Selective internal iliac artery oxaliplatin infusion: Another facultative treatment to unremitting hematuria in stage T4 bladder carcinoma

Objective  

To observe and evaluate the value of utilizing selective internal iliac artery infusion and selective internal iliac artery embolization for the treatment of unremitting gross hematuria of stage T4 bladder carcinoma.     

体外细胞培养检验“方证对应”关系的方法学研究

目的通过在体外细胞培养中加入中药复方粗提制剂对具有典型的中医证型的肺癌患者的外周血淋巴细胞NK活性的影响，探索能否在体外实验中反映“方证对应”关系。方法以水煎醇沉法制备两种中药复方（益气养阴和健脾化痰）的粗提制剂，取具有典型的中医证型（气阴两虚或脾虚痰湿证型）的肺癌患者的外周血淋巴细胞，将同一个患者的标本分为四个体外实验组，即空白对照组，中药5mg／ml组及10mg／ml组，自细胞介素2（250^u/ml，阳性对照）组。按“辨证论治”原则加入相应的中药复方制剂。体外培养22h或94h，以MTT法检测各组的NK活性。结果无论培养22h或94h，中药组的NK活性与对照组比较皆无显著性差异（P〉0．05），而白细胞介素2（阳性对照）组的NK括性均明显升高（P〈0．05）。结论两种中药复方制剂都未能在体外反应出“方证对应”的效果，说明中药粗提制剂直接用于体外细胞培养，其结果的可靠性差。     

经行吊阴痛治验2则

笔者用疏肝和温经法治疗经行吊阴痛 2例 ,介绍如下。1　气阴肝脉李某 ,女 ,37岁 ,1999年 10月 13日初诊。 1月前因生气 ,突发乳房憋胀 ,乳头痛不可触 ,适逢月经来潮 ,又见外阴、阴道及小腹抽掣痛 ,牵引至两侧乳头似有绳索上下牵拉痛 ,月经过后 ,诸症消失。前日又见上述症状 ,今