Prognostic significance of microRNA-203 in cholangiocarcinoma

MircroRNA functions as a tumor suppressor or a promoter in cholangiocarcinoma (CCA). Researchers have found that miR-203 functioned as tumor suppressor in many types of cancer. However, the role of miR-203 that plays in CCA remains to be clarified. We aimed to detect the expression level and the prognostic significance of miR-203 in CCA tissues. qRT-RCR was performed to examine the miR-203 expression levels in CCA tissue specimens and corresponding normal tissues. Our findings suggest that miR-203 expression was an independent poor prognostic factor for CCA patient overall survival. Therefore, miR-203 may serve as a valuable prognostic marker and promising treatment target for CCA.     

Myelin ultrastructure of sciatic nerve in rat experimental autoimmune neuritis model and its correlation with associated protein expression

To explore the relationship of peripheral nerve ultrastructure and its associated protein expression in experimental autoimmune neuritis (EAN). EAN was established in Lewis rats using an emulsified mixture of P0 peptide 180-199, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and incomplete Freund’s adjuvant. Rats immunized with saline solution were used as a control group. Sciatic nerve ultrastructure and immunofluorescence histopathology were measured at the neuromuscular severity peak on day 18 post-induction. Cell-specific protein markers were used for immunofluorescence histopathology staining to characterize sciatic nerve cells: CD3 (T cell), Iba-1 (microglia), S100 (myelin), and neurofilament 200 (axon). The results showed that swelling of the myelin lamellae, vesicular disorganization, separation of the myelin lamellae, and an attenuation or disappearance of the axon were observed by transmission electron microscopy in the EAN group. CD3 and Iba-1 increased significantly in the structures characterized by separation or swelling of the myelin lamellae, and increased slightly in the structures characterized by vesicular of the myelin lamellae, S100 decreased in the structures characterized by vesicular disorganization or separation of the myelin lamellae. And neurofilament 200 decreased in the structures characterized by separation of the myelin lamellae. Furthermore, we found that Iba1 were positive in the myelin sheath, and overlapped with S100, which significantly indicated that Schwann cells played as macrophage-like cells during the disease progression of ENA. Our findings may be a significant supplement for the knowledge of EAN model, and may offer a novel sight on the treatment of Guillain-Barré syndrome.     

经胆道途径超声造影对肝内胆管灌注的实验研究

目的探讨经胆道途径超声造影研究胆管灌注的可行性。方法采用雄性日本大耳兔16只,游离肝外胆管,使用22G导管插入胆总管并固定,经此路径给药。按造影剂浓度分为4组,每组4只,分别为A组:超声造影剂为1/100标准浓度;B组:超声造影剂为1/200标准浓度;C组:超声造影剂为1/400标准浓度;D组:超声造影剂为1/800标准浓度。给药后在超声造影模式下观察微泡在肝内胆管的灌注是否完全充盈、造影信号有无外溢及造影显像满意持续时间。结果 16只大耳兔均成功制作模型,注入超声造影剂5 m L。A组肝内胆管均完全充盈,且都出现了造影信号的外溢;B组肝内胆管均完全充盈,有1例出现了造影信号的外溢。A组和B组的造影满意持续时间分别为(340±29)、(284±37)s,差异无统计学意义(P=0.06)。C组中有1例肝内胆管不完全充盈,D组均为造影剂不完全充盈。C组和D组均无造影信号的外溢。C组造影满意持续时间(82±8)s,和A组、B组的造影满意持续时间之间差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。在造影剂完全充盈和造影信号外溢方面A组和D组间差异有统计学意义(P=0.03),A组和B组、C组之间差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论经胆道途径给药超声造影研究胆管灌注是可行的,造影剂浓度不宜过低,1/200稀释浓度的成像效果最佳。     

Notch信号通路在脑缺血的研究进展

Notch信号通路对中枢神经系统、血管细胞及免疫细胞生长分化发挥重要的调节作用.脑血管疾病引起的脑缺血激活Notch信号通路,活化的Notch信号通路调控神经前体细胞增殖和分化、介导炎症介质释放和促进血管细胞生成等在神经损伤修复、炎症反应、血管缺血区血管生成等起重要的调节作用.此外,Notch还与遗传性疾病CADASIL发病有关.本文就Notch信号通路在脑血管病中的作用及机制进行了分析.     

沉默信息调节因子2相关酶1在炎症反应中的调节机制研究进展

沉默信息调节因子相关酶1(SIRT1)是酵母沉默信息调节因子2(Sir2)的哺乳动物同源体,是一种高度保守的NAD+依赖的组蛋白去乙酰化酶.SIRT1的作用底物众多,不仅可以对组蛋白进行去乙酰化作用,还可与多种转录因子和信号分子相互作用.SIRT1的去乙酰化酶活性影响细胞的存活、分化、衰老和凋亡,因而现在已成为生命科学研究的热点.最近几年发现其在炎症反应的发生发展中也发挥着重要调节作用.     

A New Technique to Map the Lymphatic Distribution and Alignment of the Penis

The present study was to examine the distribution of lymphatic vessels in the penis of normal adult males, which could provide an anatomical basis for improvement of incisions in penile lengthening surgery, and may also help to prevent postoperative refractory edema. Thirteen normal adult male volunteers were recruited for this study. Contrast agent was injected subcutaneously in the foreskin of the penis, and after two minutes magnetic resonance lymphangiography (MRL) was performed. The acquired magnetic resonance images were analyzed to determine the changes in the number and diameter of lymphatic vessels in different parts of the penis. Maximum intensity projections (MIP) and materializes interactive medical image control system (MIMICS) were applied to analyze the overall distribution of lymphatic vessels in the penis. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed that the lymphatic vessels were in conspicuous contrast with surrounding tissues and could be clearly identified. Penile lymphatic vessels were clearly visible in the root of the penis. At the junction of the penis and the abdominal wall, all lymphatic vessels were found to be concentrated in the dorsal part of the penis. MIP two‐dimensional reconstruction showed that the overall distribution of relatively large lymphatic vessels in the dorsal and ventral parts of the penis could be seen clearly on bilateral 45° position, but not inside the abdominal wall because some of lymphatic vessels were overlapped by other tissues in the abdomen. MIMICS three‐dimensional reconstruction was able to reveal the overall spatial distribution of lymphatic vessels in the penis from any angle. The reconstruction results showed that there were 1–2 main lymphatic vessels on the root of dorsal penis, which coursed along the cavernous to the first physiological curvature of the penis. Lymphatic vessels merged on both sides of the ventral penis. At the root of the penis, lymphatic vessels gradually coursed to the dorsal surface of the penis and folded at the abdominal wall to the outside, and finally merged into the inguinal lymph nodes. The changes in distribution, number and diameter of the lymphatic vessels in the penis were observed by MRI. MIP and MIMICS reconstructions directly revealed the anatomical features of penile lymphatic vessels such as spatial distribution, overall alignment, and the relations to adjacent structures, drainage and reflux. The study will provide the anatomical basis for penile surgery, penile lymphatic reflux disorders caused by trauma or lymphatic vessels obstruction, and lymph node metastasis in penile cancer. Anat Rec, 298:1465–1471, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

High altitude increases the expression of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α and inducible nitric oxide synthase with intest-inal mucosal barrier failure in rats

Background: The failure of intestinal mucosal barrier may induce multiple organ dysfunction and systemic inflammatory response syndrome, but little work has been done on whether hypobaric hypoxia related to the failure of intestinal mucosal barrier. Aims: To study the expression of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and morphological changes of intestinal mucosa in albino rats at different altitude. Methods: 30 male Wistar rats raised in plain for one month were randomly divided into 3 groups: Plain 500 m group (n=10), High-altitude (HA) 3842 m group (n=10) and HA4767 m group (n=10). Each group was delivered to different altitude area at the same shipping time and executed after 3 days’ exposure to different altitude. Intestinal segments with the same location of all rats were removed for morphological analyses. Morphologic parameters (villous height, crypt depth, mucosal wall thickness and villous surface area) were measured by optical and scanning electron microscope. The expression of iNOS and HIF-1α were detected by immunohistochemistry. Results: Morphological indexes in higher altitude groups were exacerbated obviously compared with those of lower altitude groups. While the expression of iNOS and HIF-1α in higher altitude groups were significantly increased than those of lower altitude groups. Linear correlation analysis showed that the expression of iNOS was positively correlated with that of HIF-1α. Conclusions: Hypobaric hypoxia increases the expression of HIF-1α and iNOS in intestinal mucosa, however exacerbates the mucous morphologic parameters with altitude increasing. HIF-1α may regulate the expression of iNOS and be involved in the damage of intestinal mucosa.     

Augmented miR-10b expression associated with depressed expression of its target gene KLF4 involved in gastric carcinoma

Previous studies have revealed several targets of miR-10b, such as syndecan-1, HOXD10, TBX5, and E-cadherin. In this study, we aimed to assess whether Krüppel-like factor 4 (KLF4) is a target gene of miR-10b in gastric cancer (GC). Targeting of KLF4 by miR-10b was confirmed by dual-luciferase reporter assays. The expression levels of miR-10b and KLF4 mRNA in 5 different gastric cancer cell lines and 65 pairs of gastric cancer tissues were detected by Real-time PCR. In addition, KLF4 protein in gastric cancer cell lines and 30 GC tissues was measured by western blotting and immunochemistry, respectively. KLF4 is a direct target gene of miR-10b in GC, and its expression is reduced by miR-10b at both mRNA and protein levels. In addition, the expression level of miR-10b was tendentiously upregulated in GC tissues while the expression levels of KLF4 mRNA and protein were decreased in gastric cancer tissues compared with normal adjacent tissue. There was a dramatically inverse correlation between the expression levels of miR-10b and KLF4 mRNA in GC (r = -0.339, P = 0.006). These findings indicate that miR-10b was upregulated in GC and may have a key role in GC pathogenesis and development through the downregulation of its target gene KLF4.     

渐进缺血后适应对经皮冠状动脉介入术患者心脏的保护作用

目的：探讨直接经皮冠状动脉（冠脉）介入术（PPCI）中渐进缺血后适应（IP）再灌注对ST段抬高型急性心肌梗死（STEAMI）再灌注损伤的保护作用。方法选择2011年2月至2014年8月在江苏昆山市第一人民医院、江苏大学附属昆山医院心内科住院行PPCI的STEAMI患者102例,将患者按随机数字表法分为IP组32例、渐进IP组30例、常规再灌注组40例。IP组开通梗死相关血管后,通过预扩张球囊充盈/撤压时间为1 min/1 min,循环3次,然后予以持续再灌注;渐进IP组实施IP的时间呈渐进变化,即在3次球囊充盈/撤压时间分别为1 min/1 min、30 s/30 s、15 s/15 s;常规再灌注组闭塞血管开通后持续恢复冠脉供血。比较3组相关导联再灌注心律失常发生率、ST段回落率、校正心肌梗死溶栓治疗（TIMI）帧数（CTFC）、肌酸激酶同工酶（CK-MB）峰值、左室射血分数（LVEF）的变化,并随访不良事件的发生情况。结果3组基线资料均衡,有可比性。渐进IP组频发室性期前收缩（室早）发生率明显低于常规再灌注组〔30.0%（9/30）比55.0%（22/40）, P＜0.05〕,IP组〔34.4%（11/32）〕室早发生率虽低于常规再灌注组,但差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。IP组和渐进IP组室性心动过速（室速）发生率明显低于常规再灌注组〔15.6%（5/32）、13.3%（4/30）比40.0%（16/40）,均P＜0.05〕。IP组、渐进IP组心室纤颤、心动过缓、窦性停搏的发生率均低于常规再灌注组,但差异均无统计学意义（均P＞0.05）。IP组、渐进IP组ST段回落率、CTFC、CK-MB峰值均明显低于的常规再灌注组〔ST段回落：（56.7±18.3）%、（57.3±21.5）%比（44.6±21.6）%;CTFC（帧）：25.47±5.37、24.46±6.41比31.62±7.56;CK-MB峰值（U/L）：126.3±78.5、121.6±82.5比147.4±72.5;均P＜0.05〕,且以渐进IP组作用更优。IP组、渐进IP组LVEF水平均高于常规再灌注组（0.507±0.042、0.511±0.062比0.497±0.062）,但差异无统计学意义（均P＞0.05）。常规再灌注组因反复室颤不能纠正死亡1例,无复流死亡1例。3组均各有1例患者术后4周内死亡,其中常规再灌注组1例为难治性心衰,IP组的2例均考虑为亚急性支架内血栓形成。各组均无严重出血事件的发生。结论渐进IP能更显著减轻STEAMI患者PPCI术中的心肌再灌注损伤。