胆固醇检测方法的发展历史及标准化

随着人们对血液中高胆固醇浓度与冠心病风险问关系认识的不断增加，对于胆固醇的关注也在持续增加，并引发了人们对于人体内胆固醇浓度检测的兴趣。与此同时，世界范围内空前地把焦点聚在了临床实验室身上，人们迫切需要胆固醇浓度的可靠检测方法。也正因为如此，胆固醇检测从曾经的非主流项目发展为了现在再普遍不过的常规检测项目。     

5种TNFα单抗及其类似物的TNFα杀伤抑制活性的比较

目的:比较5种以TNFα为治疗靶位的治疗性单抗及其类似物的TNFα杀伤抑制活性。方法:以Anti-TNFαrhmMcAb为参比品,采用TNFα杀伤抑制法测定其他4种制品的TNFα杀伤抑制活性,剂量-反应曲线进行四参数拟合后,测定抑制1.0 ng·mL-1TNFα杀伤的半数有效浓度(EC50)。以Anti-TNFαrhmMcAb的EC50值除以待测样品EC50值计算样品的相对活性。结果:相对于Anti-TNFαrhmMcAb,TNFαⅡR-Fc、Anti-TNFαrhuMcAb、Anti-TNFαsrhmMcAb和Anti-TNFαarhuM-cAb的TNFα杀伤抑制活性分别为4860%,248%,505%,90%。结论:TNFα杀伤抑制方法可以快速测定治疗性抗TNFα单抗及其类似物的TNFα杀伤抑制活性,不同制品的测定结果之间具有一定可比性,可以根据测定结果对不同制品的生物学活性进行评价和比较。     

浅谈编制医院预计现金流量表

预计现金流量表,是现代企业预算的一个重要组成部分,它能更直观地提供预计资产负债表和预计利润表额外的信息,告诉报表使用者下一年度可能的资金投入和现金回报。目前医院的预算报表以收支测算表以及基金情况预测表为主,而并未包含预计现金流量表。本文浅析了医院对预计现金流量表的需求,并对医院现金流量表的编制、应用分析提出了意见。     

不同时段尿白蛋白在诊断早期糖尿病肾脏损伤中的应用

Objective To investigate the urinary albumin excretion of the diabetes patients and application value in the monitoring of early impairment in kidney. Methods The random urine samples from diabetes patients and controls within three days were collectod. The changes of urinary albumin excretion within day and between days were analyzed. 24-hour urine albumin was used as a standard to evaluate early kidney damage. The correlations between results of random urine albumin at the different time points and different periods were comparod. The sensitivity and specificity of random urine albumin at the different time points and different periods was evaluated and compared to deduce the best diagnostic porformance of the random urine albumin. Results There are greater variations of the levels of urinary albumin of patients with diabetes and control. After the correction with urine creatinine and urine volume the variations can be reduced (CV:49%±23% and 64%±30%). Urinary albumin excretion rate change rhythmically within the 24 h in healthy and diabetes patients. We found the best correlation between overnight ratio of urinary concentrations of albumin and creatinine (ACR) and 24-hour urinary albumin (R2 = 0.976). It was superior to urina sanguinis (R2 = 0.900), postprandial urine (R2 = 0.584) and random urine (R2 =0.791). When 24 h urinary albumin was taken as the standard, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis showed there was significant difference between male and female(male 12.8 μg/mg urine creatinine vs female 27.0 μg/mg urine creatinine),and the the cut-off value of ACR was 27.7μg/mg urine creatinine. When the smallest available negative likelihood ratio (0.011) and the greatest positive likelihood ratio (481.000) were obtained,the concentration of 13.0 μg/mg creatinine and 87.4 μg/mg creatinine were set as the cut-off value of ACR. Conclusions The correction with urinary creatinine can reduce the variation between-days compared with urine volume, but still can not completely eliminate the variability. The ACR of overnight urine has the best correlation with the 24 h urinary albumin and can replace 24 h urinary albumin. Random urine as the most convenient collecting urine samples can also replace 24-hour urinary albumin, but the gender discrepancy need to be considered. When the concentration of 13.0 μg/mg and 87.4 μg/mg was set as a random ACR exclusion value and the confirmative value, it can basically rule out and confirm the existence of microalbuminuria.     

Broca区在成人大脑横断面的定位

目的探讨Broca区在大脑半球横断面上的准确定位，为颅内占位性病变和脑功能的影像学研究提供形态学依据。方法选用正常成人头部标本30例。以AC-PC线为基线，获取4mm层厚连续横断层MR图像和脑横断层标本。在连续断层标本上对Broca区的断面表现进行连续追踪观察、分析和统计。结果(1)在AC-PC线断面上，外侧沟前支出现率为左侧13．6％。右侧16．7％；三角部出现率为左侧20％，右侧40％；岛盖部出现率为左侧26．7％，右侧30％。(2)在首次切及胼胝体压部的断面外侧沟前支出现率为左侧60％，右侧53．3％；升支出现率为左侧90％。右侧83．3％；三角部明显增宽，出现率为左侧93．3％。右侧86．7％；岛盖部出现率为左、右侧均为86．7％。(3)在切及穹窿联合断面外侧沟前支消失，升支出现率为左侧100％，右侧96．7％；三角部和岛盖部出现率左、右侧均为100％。(4)在胼胝体即将消失的断面上，三角部出现率为左、右侧均为10％；岛盖部出现率为左侧30．7％，右侧26．7％；升支消失。结论Broca区首次出现在前后连合平面至胼胝体即将出现的1～2个断面上，外侧沟前支出现是三角部和岛盖部首次出现的信号，穹隆联合平面是显示Broca区的最佳断面，至胼胝体消失后1～2个断面Broca区才消失。     

薯蓣丸对创伤应激小鼠白细胞介素-2 mRNA、白细胞介素-2R mRNA基因表达的影响

目的探讨薯蓣丸对机体免疫功能影响的机理,为开发薯蓣丸作为创伤应激治疗药物提供客观依据。方法通过采用免疫组化方法观察薯蓣丸对创伤应激小鼠脾脏白细胞介素-2(IL-2)mRNA、白细胞介素-2R(IL-2R)mRNA基因表达的影响,揭示薯蓣丸的免疫作用机制。结果薯蓣丸体内应用对创伤应激小鼠IL-2mRNA及IL-2RmRNA水平均具有显著的升高作用(P<0.05)。结论薯蓣丸可通过促进创伤应激小鼠脾淋巴细胞IL-2及IL-2R的基因转录水平的表达进而逆转IL-2及IL-2R的抑制状态。     

1987～1990年太原铁路系统人群淋病流行病学调查

1987年-1990年太原铁路系统人群共报告淋病121便，年平均发病率为23.65/10万，121便中男性97.52%，已婚者67.77%，承认冶游史者62.81%。有阳性既往史者8例，6岁-10岁儿童8例，70岁以上老人2例。     

心肌损伤的其他早期生化标志物

临床病理生理研究表明 ,急性冠状动脉综合征是动脉粥样斑块脱落、血小板聚集、血栓形成、心肌缺血、心肌坏死等一系列病理现象引起的临床症状。临床表现为症状不明显的隐性心绞痛、不稳定心绞痛、急性心肌梗死 ( AMI)导致死亡。多年来 ,临床化学家们一直致力于寻找诊断心肌损伤的各种生化标志物。决定一种生化标志物特点的因素有分子大小、细胞内分布 (胞质中的小分子蛋白较结构蛋白更易进入血循环 )、释放率、清除率、心肌特异性等等[1] 。一般认为 ,AMI症状出现后 6小时内血中就有升高的生化标志物为早期标志物。早期标志物的应用有助…     

急性乳腺炎的护理体会

目的总结急性乳腺炎三个临床阶段的护理措施。方法排空乳汁,防止细菌入侵,病情观察,心理护理,疼痛护理,促进伤口愈合的护理及对孕产期妇女的卫生宣教。结果 65例患者有4例并发乳瘘者形成瘘腔,但坚持抗炎、换药,随访1～3个月,切口愈合。结论不同临床阶段的急性乳腺炎采取针对性的护理措施,是有效预防和治疗急性乳腺炎的一个重要保障。