心室起搏对后间隔旁道与快径逆传的诊断价值

通过右室心尖部和基底部两个不同部位的起搏，比较１５例房室结折返性心动过速（对照组）和８例隐匿性后间隔旁道参与的房室折返性心动过速患者（观察组）的室房传导时间（ＶＡＩ）。结果显示：①心尖部起搏时对照组ＶＡＩ为１７４±３４ｍｓ，与观察组１８６±３８ｍｓ相比无显著性差异（Ｐ＝ＮＳ）。②基底部起搏时观察组ＶＡＩ为１５３±２４ｍｓ，明显短于对照组１９９±３４ｍｓ，两者比较有显著性差异（Ｐ＜０．０１）。③两个部位（心尖部与基底部）ＶＡＩ的差值对照组≤０（－５０～０，平均－２４±１６ｍｓ）与观察组≥１５ｍｓ（１５～７５，平均３４±１９ｍｓ）比较有非常显著性差异（Ｐ＜０．００１）。提示右室心尖部与基底部连续起搏可快速、准确地鉴别室房传导是经快径路还是后间隔旁道     

三维电解剖标测指导疑难右侧游离壁旁路的导管消融

Objective To demonstrate the electroanatomic substrates of right-sided free wall (RFW)accessory pathways (APs) which were refractory to conventional catheter ablation utilizing three-dimensional (3D) mapping. Methods Seventeen patients with RFW APs that failed initial conventional catheter ablation(s)by a mean of 1～3(1.8±0.6) attempts were enrolled in the study. Electroanatomic mapping of the right atrium was performed during right ventricular pacing in 14 patients and orthodromic reciprocating tachycardia in 3patients. Radiofrequency energy was delivered via irrigation catheter to the earliest atrial activation site. Results The earliest atrial activation site, which represented the atrial insertion of the APs, was separated from the tricuspid annulus by an average of 9 ～ 20 ( 13.6 ± 3.4 ) mm, and the local activation time was 18 ～ 80(31.5±16.3) ms earlier than that of the corresponding annular point. The target electrogram demonstrated AP potential in fourteen patients and ventriculoatrial fusion in the rest three. Accessory pathway was blocked in one case during moving the catheter and RF ablation delivery on the areas. One patient exhibited an AP with wide branching on the atrial side during mapping. RF ablation with an irrigated catheter successfully interrupted AP conduction in remaining 16 patients without complications. After a mean follow-up of 3 ～ 41 (18.6±12.7) months, there were no recurrences of ventricular preexcitation or episodes of tachycardia. Conclusion RFW APs refractory to conventional catheter ablation might be due to unique anatomic AP features such as more epicardial course at the annulus level with atrial insertion distance from the tricuspid annulus. Electroanatomic mapping is helpful to accurately localize the atrial insertion sites of these APs and facilitates catheter ablation.     

磁导航遥控射频导管消融治疗房室结折返性心动过速的初步体会

Objective To evaluate the safety and feasibility of remote radiofrequency catheter ablation of atrioventricular nodal reciprocating tachycardia (AVNRT) using the magnetic navigation system (MNS). Methods A total of 37 patients[female 29, mean age (44 ± 15 )years]with documented AVNRT were enrolled in this study from March 2007 to June 2009. A 4 mm tip magnetic mapping and ablation catheter ( Helios Ⅱ ,Stereotaxis, USA),which was remotely controlled by the MNS (Niobe Ⅱ , Stereotaxis, USA), was used for both mapping and ablation. Conventional slow pathway modification with focal ablation at the fight posterior septum was first performed in all patients. If it was failed, linear lesions at the base of Koch' s triangle was then done. Results After ablation, AVNRT was non-inducible in all 37 patients without any complication except one case experienced transient first degree AV block. Focal ablation was performed in 34 patients, and linear ablation strategy was used in the remaining three cases to achieve the end point. Among all the 37 patients, slow pathway ablation was achieved in 14, whereas slow pathway modification was reached in the remaining 23 cases.The mean procedural time, the RF deliveries, the duration of RF application were ( 120 ± 32) min, (2. 9 ± 1.6)times, ( 130 ± 33 )s,respectively. The total fluoroscopy time and the physician X-ray exposure time were(5.3 ±2. 7)min and(2.9 ± 1.1 ) min,respectively. There was no significant change of the AH interval,the HV interval,and the atrioventricular nodal conduction refractory period after ablation. Compared with the first 18 patients, the mean procedural time, the total fluoroscopy time and the X-ray fluoroscopy time during magnetic navigation were significantly decreased in the later 19 patients (P ＜0. 001 ). It indicated that the learning curve of remote catheter ablation using the MNS is short. Conclusion Remote catheter ablation using the MNS to cure AVNRT is safe and effective with short learning curve and decreasing X-ray exposure time for interventional physicians.     

骨髓间充质干细胞移植对梗死心脏窦性心率震荡的影响

目的研究骨髓间充质干细胞(MSCs)心肌移植后窦性心率震荡(HRT)的变化。方法除正常对照组(Control组,n=11)外,MSCs组(n=15)和心肌梗死(MI)组(n=14)经球囊导管堵闭左前降支法建立猪MI模型并分别移植MSCs悬液和等量生理盐水,6周后进行窦性HRT和心率变异性(HRV)分析。结果①与Control组比较,MI组规一化高频成分(HFnorm)降低(P<0.05),规一化低频成分(LFnorm)和LF/HF比值增高(P均<0.01),MSCs组LFnorm与MI组无差异,但HFnorm却较后者显著升高(P<0.05),以致LF/HF比值较后者显著降低(P<0.05)。②MI后正常HRT的双相反应几乎消失,与Control组比较,MI组震荡初始(TO)增大、震荡斜率(TS)减小(P均<0.01);MSCs移植后HRT的双相反应有所恢复,与MI组比较,MSCs组TO减小、TS增大(P均<0.01)。结论MSCs移植能显著改善MI后窦性HRT的双相反应,可能与MSCs移植改善MI后心脏迷走神经功能有关。     

左侧心外膜旁路与冠状静脉窦肌袖之间的传导一例

患者男性 ,2 1岁 ,反复阵发性心悸 4年 ,发作时心率 170次 /min ,可静脉用毛花甙C和维拉帕米终止 ,体格检查、超声心动图和X线胸片正常。 2 0 0 2年 2月 4日进行电生理检查和射频导管消融术。分别从左锁骨下静脉和左、右侧股静脉插入冠状静脉窦 (CS)、高位右房、希氏束和右心室导管。电生理记录仪为QINTON(美国生产 ) ,纸速 2 5～ 40 0mm /s,滤波频率为 40～ 40 0Hz。电生理检查证明是通过左后侧壁旁路逆传的房室折返性心动过速。用逆向法消融大头导管从右侧股动脉通过主动脉瓣到二尖瓣下 ,在标测最早的心房激动处进行消融数次未能阻断…     

植入型心律转复除颤器治疗Brugada综合征五例随访

目的报道5例植入型心律转复除颤器(ICD)的Brugada综合征患者的随访结果。方法5例隐匿性Brugada综合征男性患者,平均年龄(41．60±10．14)岁,植入单腔ICD后每3个月临床随访1次,体外程控分析ICD记录的各种心律失常发作的时间、类型、治疗方式和结果。结果4例患者经钠通道阻滞剂激发试验确诊,另1例经新胸导联检查确诊(该例的诊断参考了单其俊等“新胸导联”标准作出的诊断,是否恰当有待于其他组学者的研究证实)。5例患者植入ICD前均反复发作晕厥,其中4例记录到心室颤动(室颤),3例电生理检查诱发出室颤。平均随访(22±18)个月ICD共记录到75次室颤发作,其中61次室颤触发ICD 86次放电,均成功转复窦性心律；其余14次室颤自行终止。例1出现除颤阈值增高,仍有4次短暂的晕厥发作；例4因房颤导致26次ICD误放电,经程控调整后未再发生；例5有2次晕厥发作但无ICD相关事件记录,直立-倾斜试验阳性,考虑合并血管迷走性晕厥。结论ICD是高危的Brugada综合征患者必要的和有效的治疗措施,但可能出现除颤阈值增高或误放电,应严密随访并进行合理的程控。     

致心律失常性右室心肌病患者Epsilon波的检出率

Objective To investigate the prevalence of Epsilon wave in patients with arrhythmogenic right ventrieular cardiomyopathy (ARVC). Methods The Epsilon wave was detected in 32 patients [24 men, mean age (42.3±13.3) years] with ARVC using three different electrocardiography (ECG) recording methods: standard twelve leads ECG (S-ECG), right precordial leads ECG (R-ECG) and Fontaine bipolar precordiai leads ECG (F-ECG). The Epsilon wave was defined as wiggle, small spike wave and smooth potential between the end of the QRS complex and the beginning of the ST segment. Results Epsilon wave was detected in 37.5%, 37.5% and 50.0% patients with ARVC by S-ECG, R-ECG and F-ECG respectively. The detection rates derived from the three recording methods were similar(P ＞ 0.05). The Epsilon wave was only detectable by S-ECG in one case, by R-ECG in three cases, and by F-ECG in five cases. The detection rate of Epsilon wave was 50.0% by combined use of S-ECG and R-ECG (SR-ECG), 56.3% by combined use of S-ECG and F-ECG (SF-ECG), and 65.6% by combined use of the three recording methods (SRF-ECG). The detection rate was significantly higher by SF-ECG (56.3%) and SRF-ECG (65.6%) than by S-ECG alone (37.5%, all P ＜0.05). Most Epsilon waves detected by the S-ECG, R-ECG and F-ECG were small spiked waves. Conclusion Combined use of S-ECG, F-ECG and R-ECG could increase the detection rate of Epsilon wave in patients with ARVC.     

心房颤动消融术后二尖瓣峡部房性心动过速的发生机制及消融治疗

目的探讨心房颤动(简称房颤)患者环肺静脉左房线性消融术后二尖瓣峡部房性心动过速(简称房速)的发生机制及其消融策略。方法122例房颤患者采用EnSite-NavX和环状电极行环肺静脉左房线性消融,术后32例复发房颤或房速,8例经EnSite-NavX激动标测及拖带标测证实存在二尖瓣峡部房速,在三维导航下于左下肺静脉口部下缘至二尖瓣环之间行线性消融,对不能成功阻断二尖瓣峡部传导者予以冠状静脉窦内消融。术中同时探查双侧肺静脉电位,如传导恢复予以再次隔离。结果8例中2例呈无休止性发作,6例为阵发性,可被程序刺激诱发。房速的周长217.5±20.6ms,其中顺钟向折返5例,逆钟向折返3例。二尖瓣峡部线性消融至完全性双向传导阻滞5例,3例心内膜途径失败者经冠状静脉窦内消融,其中1例获得成功。术后随访5.5±4.3个月,6例无房颤及房速发作,1例仍有阵发性房速发作。另1例术后房速呈无休止发作,予以胺碘酮及美托洛尔控制心室率治疗。结论环肺静脉线性消融术后发生的二尖瓣峡部房速与左房线性消融治疗房颤的致心律失常作用有关,其主要的机制是消融线相关的大折返性心动过速,阻断峡部传导可以治疗此类房速。     

单纯碎裂电位指导心房颤动消融的初步临床观察

Objective To evaluate the feasibility of mdiofrequency catheter ablation of atrial fibrilla-tion (AF) guided by complex fractionated atrial electrograms (CFAEs). Methods Twenty-two patients with drug refractory and symptomatic AF(16 paroxysmal, 6 persisten) were enrolled. Using Carto, the left atrial or biatrial replica was created during spontaneous or induced AF, and areas associated with CFAEs were identi-fied. Radiofrequency ablation at the site with CFAEs was performed and the end points were to eliminate CFAEs or convert to sinus rhythm. Results Thirteen patients(59%)were converted to sinus rhythm, (7 cases conver-ted directly to sinus rhythm, and 6 via the intermediate atrial tachycardia(AT) or atrial flutter (AFL). The re-maining nine patients required cardioversion with D. C. shock or drug. Repeat ablation was performed in 6 pa-tients (5 AT/AFL, 1 paroxysmal AF). During(10.9 ±4.8) months follow-up, 16 patients (73%) were free of arrhythmia and symptoms. CFAEs were most commonly found along the left interatrial septum, pulmonary veins, left atrial roof. CFAEs ablation prolonged AFCL[(157 ± 18) ms vs (211 ± 32) ms, P < 0.05]. Only one patient had pericardial tamponade that required pericardiocentesis. Conclusion Radiofrequeney catheter abla-tion of atrial fibrillation (AF) guided by CFAEs is safe and effective.     

沉默型动脉导管未闭的血流动力学特征及治疗探讨

目的　探讨沉默型动脉导管未闭 (patentductusarteriosus ,PDA)的血流动力学特征及治疗。方法　对临床结合超声心动图诊断的 7例沉默型PDA病人进行心导管检查 ,术后 3个月、6个月及每年随访一次。结果　 7例病人肺动脉平均压平均为 (16 0± 2 4 )mmHg ,肺循环和体循环血流量比 (Qp/Qs)为 1 0 8± 0 0 2 ,左向右分流量平均为 (0 32± 0 0 8)L/min ,左向右分流量占肺循环血流量比例平均为 0 0 98± 0 0 2 4。PDA最窄处平均直径为 (0 9± 0 2 )mm。 7例病人均未行外科手术和介入治疗。平均随访 9 5个月 (临床、心电图、超声心动图 ) ,未发现房室腔增大、肺动脉压增高 ,无感染性动脉内膜炎和心内膜炎发生。结论　沉默型PDA的左向右分流量很少 ,对病人的血流动力学影响小。沉默型PDA病人是否需要治疗尚无定论。