运动试验对英卡胺抗心律失常作用的评价

19例频发室性早搏(简称室早)的患者分为两组,一组给英卡胺150毫克/日,另一组给安慰剂治疗。一周后行次极量活动平板运动试验,结果显示英卡胺治疗组10例中有8例室早消失,安慰剂组9例仅2例消失,无严重并发症发生。表明运动试验不失为一种评价抗心律失常药物有效、可信和比较安全的方法。     

多普勒组织成像加速度模式对显性旁道定位价值

目的探讨二维多普勒组织加速度图（2D-Doppler tissue acceleration，2D-DTA）技术对预激综合征（wolf-parkinson—white syndrome，WPW）旁道定位的可行性和准确性。方法选择60例体表心电图诊断为WPW的患者，在行导管射频消融（radiofrequency catheter ablation，RFCA）术前，采用2D-DTA初步确定旁道位置即最早心室激动点，并以心内膜靶点准确定位标测做对照。结果DTA技术所确定的心室最早激动亮点出现时限与同步记录的心电图δ波出现时限完全相同，DTA技术对旁道定化的准确性79％。结论DTA能比较直观地确定旁道位置，评价RFCA的效果，该技术无创、安全、重复性良好，为心内电生理标测技术有益的补充。     

致心律失常性右室心肌病患者Epsilon波的检出率

Objective To investigate the prevalence of Epsilon wave in patients with arrhythmogenic right ventrieular cardiomyopathy (ARVC). Methods The Epsilon wave was detected in 32 patients [24 men, mean age (42.3±13.3) years] with ARVC using three different electrocardiography (ECG) recording methods: standard twelve leads ECG (S-ECG), right precordial leads ECG (R-ECG) and Fontaine bipolar precordiai leads ECG (F-ECG). The Epsilon wave was defined as wiggle, small spike wave and smooth potential between the end of the QRS complex and the beginning of the ST segment. Results Epsilon wave was detected in 37.5%, 37.5% and 50.0% patients with ARVC by S-ECG, R-ECG and F-ECG respectively. The detection rates derived from the three recording methods were similar(P ＞ 0.05). The Epsilon wave was only detectable by S-ECG in one case, by R-ECG in three cases, and by F-ECG in five cases. The detection rate of Epsilon wave was 50.0% by combined use of S-ECG and R-ECG (SR-ECG), 56.3% by combined use of S-ECG and F-ECG (SF-ECG), and 65.6% by combined use of the three recording methods (SRF-ECG). The detection rate was significantly higher by SF-ECG (56.3%) and SRF-ECG (65.6%) than by S-ECG alone (37.5%, all P ＜0.05). Most Epsilon waves detected by the S-ECG, R-ECG and F-ECG were small spiked waves. Conclusion Combined use of S-ECG, F-ECG and R-ECG could increase the detection rate of Epsilon wave in patients with ARVC.     

致心律失常性右室心肌病的临床研究和家系调查

目的 对7例致心律失常性右室心肌病(ARVC)及其中的3个家系中的34个成员进行调查。方法病史、临床检查、标准12导联心电图、超声心动图和心室晚电位测定。5例进行电生理检查。结果 超声心动图发现5例右室扩大伴搏动减弱，8例右室前壁局限性运动减弱或收缩期膨出，1例下壁局限性变薄和收缩期膨出。心电图显示完全性和不完全右束支阻滞样改变各5例，肢体导联低电压2例，23例右胸(V1-V4)和／或下壁(Ⅱ、Ⅲ、aVF)导联T波倒置，25例V1导联QRS时间明显延长(P<0．01)．13例心室晚电位阳性。电生理检查，5例患者可诱发≥2种的呈左束支阻滞图形室性心动过速(室速)，2例诱发心室颤动(室颤)；右室一处或多处起搏阈值增高或不能有效起搏。1家系2例猝死。1例ARVC合并侏儒症。5例患者反复发作呈左束支阻滞图形的室性心动过速，1例伴有配对间期极短的多形性室速和反复晕厥发作，12例有呈左束支阻滞图形室性早搏。结论 本研究结果提示ARVC是一遗传性疾病．右室结构与功能异常、心电图复极异常和起源于右室室性心律失常是其最常见的表现。     

冠状静脉窦腔内电图与局部肌袖电位的关系探讨

目的:探讨冠状静脉窦(冠状窦,coronarysinus,CS)腔内电图与局部肌袖电位的关系。方法:室上性心动过速行射频消融术的患者42例。窦性心律下,于冠状窦近端发放递减刺激。观察冠状窦A波激动顺序、波形变化、双电位的有无、冠状窦激动时间。结果:窦性心律时67%的患者的冠状窦远端A波为先正向后负向,波形较宽,成分多。递减刺激首先夺获窦口的A波,使之提前,激动方向改变为先负向后正向。但此时冠状窦远端的A波形态不变、不提前。随刺激的逐渐提前,冠状窦中段、远段的A波提前,且波形改变。窦性心律时,冠状窦激动时间为(24.37±9.41)ms。刺激完全夺获冠状窦时,冠状窦激动时间为(34.62±10.40)ms。两者有非常显著的差异。结论:冠状窦A波不是单纯的心房波,而是肌袖电位和左心房电位的融合波。     

冠心病患者血清骨保护素水平研究

目的探讨血清骨保护素(OPG)水平与冠心病的关系.方法冠心病组64例及对照组26例用ELISA法测定OPG水平.根据冠状动脉造影(CAG)的结果将冠心病组分为单支、2支、3支病变组.冠心病的多个易患因素进行多因素Logistic回归等分析.结果冠心病组患者血清OPG水平显著高于对照组(P＜0.05),且随冠状动脉病变支数的增加而升高(P＜0.001);血清OPG水平与年龄呈正相关(r=0.47,P＜0.001);多元回归分析显示血清OPG与冠心病严重程度有密切关系(OR=2.4;95%的可信区间为1.4～4.2).结论OPG水平升高与冠心病、冠状动脉病变程度有关.     

36例致心律失常性右室心肌病的心电图特征和临床观察

目的探讨致心律失常性右室心肌病(ARVC)的心电图特征和临床表现。方法回顾分析符合欧洲心脏病协会ARVC诊断标准的36例患者的心电图参数、临床表现、超声心动图、腔内电生理检查等临床资料。结果36例中男26例、女10例,年龄37±13岁;33例表现为心悸、胸闷,11例同时伴有晕厥,2例有家族性猝死史。心电图研究发现10例(28%)出现Epsilon波,29例(81%)右胸(V1～V3)导联QRS波时限≥110ms;在29例无右束支传导阻滞的患者中,右胸导联分别有16例(55%)出现T波倒置、18例(62%)出现S波升支时间≥55ms;17例(47%)QRSd1/QRSd2(V1～V3导联与V4～V6导联QRS波时间平均值之比)≥1.2;24例(67%)出现室壁阻滞;27例(75%)记录到持续性或非持续性室性心动过速。29例超声心动图表现为严重的右室受累。25例行腔内电生理检查,20例诱发出右室起源的室性心动过速,即刻射频消融成功11例。结论ARVC好发于青年男性,是引起晕厥、室性心律失常和室壁运动异常的重要原因,Epsilon波、右胸导联QRS波时限≥110ms与T波倒置、右室起源的室性心律失常为其特征性的心电图改变,QRSd1/QRSd2≥1.2、室壁阻滞、右胸导联S波升支时间≥55ms有助于该病的诊断,经导管射频消融治疗室性心动过速成功率低。     

致心律失常性右室心肌病患者Epsilon波的检出率

Objective To investigate the prevalence of Epsilon wave in patients with arrhythmogenic right ventrieular cardiomyopathy (ARVC). Methods The Epsilon wave was detected in 32 patients [24 men, mean age (42.3±13.3) years] with ARVC using three different electrocardiography (ECG) recording methods: standard twelve leads ECG (S-ECG), right precordial leads ECG (R-ECG) and Fontaine bipolar precordiai leads ECG (F-ECG). The Epsilon wave was defined as wiggle, small spike wave and smooth potential between the end of the QRS complex and the beginning of the ST segment. Results Epsilon wave was detected in 37.5%, 37.5% and 50.0% patients with ARVC by S-ECG, R-ECG and F-ECG respectively. The detection rates derived from the three recording methods were similar(P ＞ 0.05). The Epsilon wave was only detectable by S-ECG in one case, by R-ECG in three cases, and by F-ECG in five cases. The detection rate of Epsilon wave was 50.0% by combined use of S-ECG and R-ECG (SR-ECG), 56.3% by combined use of S-ECG and F-ECG (SF-ECG), and 65.6% by combined use of the three recording methods (SRF-ECG). The detection rate was significantly higher by SF-ECG (56.3%) and SRF-ECG (65.6%) than by S-ECG alone (37.5%, all P ＜0.05). Most Epsilon waves detected by the S-ECG, R-ECG and F-ECG were small spiked waves. Conclusion Combined use of S-ECG, F-ECG and R-ECG could increase the detection rate of Epsilon wave in patients with ARVC.     

非接触标测对于典型心房扑动的标测、消融和电生理机制的新认识

目的介绍非接触标测对于典型心房扑动(简称房扑,AFL)的标测、消融和电生理机制的新认识.方法 9例典型AFL,男性7例,女性2例.使用非接触标测对窦律时峡部的双向传导、AFL时的折返激动序列进行详细标测,在导航系统指导下完成后位峡部线性消融,然后验证峡部双向传导阻滞.结果 (1)1例为顺钟向AFL,7均为逆钟向AFL,1例未能诱发AFL,所有AFL平均心房心动周期(215±36)ms;(2)非接触标测三维显示AFL在右房内的整个折返环及其与解剖结构的三维关系;(3)激动可以穿过界嵴上部并且传导相对缓慢,提示右心房平滑部是折返环的一部分;(4)非接触标测可直观显示复发病例的消融线缺口,并直接导航消融;(5)1例术中出现心房颤动,1例因不能耐受消融所致胸痛放弃手术,其余7例即刻均达到峡部双向阻滞,随访12～36月未见复发.结论非接触标测系统可直观再现典型AFL的完整折返环及其与右房解剖结构的关系,确认折返机制,对复发病例可发现消融线裂隙并导航消融.同时发现激动可横向穿过界嵴并且速度缓慢.     

非开胸法建立持续性单形性室性心动过速动物模型的研究

探讨运用经皮球囊冠状动脉成形术 (PTCA)球囊堵闭猪冠状动脉造成急性心肌梗死 (AMI)后数周建立持续性单形性室性心动过速 (VT)的非开胸法动物模型的方法。猪 1 3只 ,体重 30± 5kg ,运用PTCA球囊堵闭猪左前降支(LAD)形成AMI。存活猪在AMI后数周内进行心室程序电刺激诱发持续性单形性VT ,观察VT诱发、终止的方式及VT诱发的时间窗等。结果 :9/ 1 3只猪形成AMI,经左心室造影及心脏超声检查证实左室心尖、前间隔、左室前壁室壁瘤形成。术后 2～ 2 0周内 9只猪接受平均 1～ 2次电生理检查 ,运用程序电刺激方法 ,8只猪共成功诱发出 1 6种单形性持续性VT ,1只猪仅诱发出非持续性短阵VT。VT周长为 2 54± 65ms ,持续时间 1 8± 1 6min,最长达 62min。程序电刺激和直流电复律可终止VT ,1 0种VT表现为室房分离 ,6种VT室房均为 1∶1逆传 ;9种呈左束支阻滞型 ,7种呈右束支阻滞型。结论 :运用PTCA球囊堵闭冠状动脉造成MI后室壁瘤形成 ,通过程序电刺激的方法可成功建立持续性单形性VT非开胸动物模型 ,成功率较高 ,VT诱发的时间窗长。