Preparation and Characterization of Carboxymethyl Chitosan and β-Cyclodextrin Microspheres by Spray Drying

Three kinds of carboxymethyl chitosan/β-cyclodextrin microspheres loaded with theophylline were prepared by spray drying intended for pulmonary delivery. Mucociliotoxicity, permeation rate, and drug release characteristics of the product were investigated. The microspheres obtained by spray drying were found to be spherical with smooth or wrinkled surfaces. The mean particle size was between 3.39 and 6.06 µm. The microspheres demonstrated high product yield (43.7-50.2%), high drug loading (13.7-38.1%), and high encapsulation efficiency (86.9-92.8%). FT-IR indicated that there were interactions of theophylline with carboxymethyl chitosan matrix. Further studies on mucociliotoxicity and permeation confirmed that microspheres had better adaptability and high permeation rate. In vitro drug release from the microspheres was not related to the drug/polymer ratios.     

有关地下公共娱乐场所防排烟设计的探讨

根据地下公共娱乐场所的结构特点和火灾特点,结合某地下娱乐场所的防排烟设计,探讨如何进行防排烟设计。     

Hartstoffschichten für das Pressen und Prägen von Gläsern bei hohen Temperaturen

Hard and wear resistant coatings for the moulding and embossing of glasses at elevated temperatures Hard and wear resistant coatings of Titanium Aluminium Nitride TiAlN were deposited on various substrates by the application of different reactive deposition processes: RF-magnetron-sputtering, ion beam-sputtering and by the energetic cluster impact (ECI) process. The deposition of the coatings was performed under variation of biasing conditions and of process parameters such as pressures and flow rates of the process gases argon and nitrogen as well as of energies of species hitting the substrate surfaces. The microstructure particularly the growth morphology of several films was investigated by pictures of film cross sections recorded by transmission electron microscopy. Residual intrinsic film stresses were analyzed by measuring deflections of substrates in an interference optical microscope before and after the deposition of the coatings. By heating coated substrates and in-situ observation of deflections at elevated temperatures dependencies of thermally induced stresses on temperatures and variations of intrinsic stresses due to changes within the films could be analyzed and related to microstructure and growth conditions. In the paper specific characteristics of the deposition processes occuring on the scale both of atoms and of clusters which may contain several thousand of atoms are described and related to microstructure, residual stress states and damaging conditions. Different contributions to residual film stresses are analyzed on the base of theoretical considerations taking into account deposition kinetics and thermomecanical properties. The significance of achieved film properties for application, i. e. for the coating of tools for the manufacturing of optical components by moulding and embossing of glasses is discussed.     

硬质合金与铁基复合材料热等静压扩散连接

以烧结结态硬质合金和粉末态铁基复合材料为连接对象，研究了两种材料的热等静压扩攻连接工艺，获得了直接连接接头和加镍作中间过渡层的间接连接接头，考察了接头的结合界面形貌，界面的元素扩散和界面结合强度。     

稀土萃取信息系统

应稀土化学发展的需要,我们组建了稀土萃取信息系统。其中包括:数据的来源和数据类型;数据的组织;检索功能;数据间的关联;最优化设计以及萃取剂结构与其物理性质和结构与萃取性能的相关分析研究。     

Synthesis of polyurethane elastomers hypercross-linked by partially hydrated polyhydroxylated C60

Utilization of polyhydroxylated C₆₀ (fullerenols) in a condensation reaction with diisocyanated oligo(tetramethylene oxide) led to the successful fabrication of elastomeric poly (urethane-ether) networks. These polymer networks exhibit interesting thermal behavior at low temperatures, improved tensile strength and elongation at ambient temperatures, and enhanced thermal mechanical stability at high temperatures, as compared with those of the parent linear polyurethane analogues; or with the conventional oligo (tetramethylene oxide)-derived polyurethane elastomers cross-linked by trihydroxylated reagents (1,I,1-trismethylol propane) or tetrahydroxylated reagents (pentaerythritol). The presence of a limited quantity of water molecules in the condensation reaction of fullerenols with diisocyanated prepolymers modified the physical properties of the resulting elastomeric products with a notable increase in tensile strength, modulus, and Ts over those of elasotmers prepared under anhydrous conditions. These water molecules contributed effectively to the increase of the number of cross-linking centers during the reaction.     

Studies on purification and some properties of nisin from Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis Al2

Protoporphyria is a genetic disorder in which patients may develop severe protoporphyrin-induced liver damage and require transplantation. Because unique problems occur in the perioperative period and because excess production of protoporphyrin by the bone marrow continues after liver transplantation, the efficacy of this procedure for protoporphyric liver disease is uncertain. We present follow-up of nine patients who underwent liver transplantation. Two patients died within 2 months of transplantation, one from complications of abdominal bleeding and the other from sepsis after bowel perforations. The remaining seven patients had follow-up at 14 months to 8 years after transplantation (mean, 3.8 years). Two of the seven had suffered skin burns from exposure to operating room lights, which healed without scarring. Three had axonal neuropathies in the postoperative period requiring prolonged mechanical ventilation, and motor defects persisted in two. Five patients had normal liver chemistries at follow-up (mean, 3.5 years), with liver biopsy results normal or showing mild portal triad abnormalities, but erythrocyte protoporphyrin levels remained significantly elevated (1,765 +/- 365 mcg/dL; normal, < 65). The other two patients, both of whom had rejection, cytomegalovirus infection, and biliary tract obstruction requiring endoscopic therapy, had a recurrence of protoporphyric liver disease as indicated by liver biopsy features. One died 5 years after transplantation from complications of the liver disease. The other was stable 3.3 years after transplantation and was being monitored for possible retransplantation. Thus, liver transplantation can be performed successfully in patients with protoporphyric liver disease, with intermediate survival rates comparable to the general transplant population. However, disease may recur in the graft, particularly if there are complications that cause cholestasis.     

摇臂参数设计方法

建立了中小功率内燃机常用摇臂参数化设计模型。采用可变参数构成摇臂结构，并作结构的有限元网络，此后再进行有限元分析，计算出摇的质量、刚度、转动惯量 力。使摇臂的设计归结为几个主要参数的优选。实例分析表明，计算值和实测值基本相符，优选出的摇避设计优于原设计。     

Fullerene Derivatives Attenuate Bronchoconstriction Induced by Xanthine-Xanthine Oxidase

The intratracheal instillation of xanthine-xanthine oxidase caused a marked decrease in dynamic respiratory compliance, indicating airway constriction. The constriction was significantly attenuated by fullerenol-1, but not by other agents or receptor antagonists.     

Confirmatory factor analysis of the Wechsler Memory Scale-Revised in a sample of clients with alcohol dependency

Previous analyses of the Wechsler Memory Scale-Revised (WMS-R; Wechsler, 1987) have reported one-, two-, and three-factor solutions and raised questions about the validity of the visual memory subtests. These various findings may stem in part from different methods of analysis, and from the study of different participant samples. To address these issues, we analysed data from the WMS-R and a spatial maze test administered to 154 participants with a history of alcohol dependence. Results from confirmatory factor analysis supported the interpretation of three factors underlying the WMS-R subtests and the spatial maze score in this sample, namely, attention-concentration, immediate memory, and delayed recall. This result held despite the inclusion of the maze score which is a well-validated measure of visuo-spatial memory.