A Novel Grounded Inductor Realization Using a Minimum Number of Active and Passive Components

In this study, we present a new topology for realizing a grounded inductor employing only a single current conveyor, called a negative‐type modified inverting second‐generation current conveyor (MICCII‐), and a minimum number of passive components, two resistors, and one capacitor. The non‐ideality effects of the MICCII‐on a simulated inductor are investigated. To demonstrate the performance of the presented inductance simulator, we use it to construct a third order Butterworth high‐pass filter and a parallel resonant circuit. Simulation results are given to confirm the theoretical analysis.     

Heterogeneous integration through electrokinetic migration

We apply basic electrophoretic motion to semiconductor materials engineering for development of the next level of heterogeneous integration technology. Furthermore, we demonstrate the utility of these tools in integration of inorganic devices with biological species in order to explore the utility of these tools in biotechnological applications.Electrical and optical addressing techniques are shown to allow for more rapid and parallel patterning of biological species and inorganic objects     

Numerical Analysis of a Tunnel Support Design in Conjunction with Empirical Methods

In this paper, preliminary support design of a tunnel was analyzed by numerical and empirical approaches. The case study for this analysis is a tunnel to be constructed on the Bilecik-Istanbul roadway in Turkey. The rock mass properties of the tunnel route and design support recommendations were obtained by using an empirical approach. The rock mass properties obtained from the empirical method were used as input parameters for the numerical analysis. The empirical and numerical results, in terms of support design, were evaluated. It was seen that the numerical analysis results supported by empirical values were logical and reliable.     

Cost assessment of concrete and steel types for office buildings: An exploratory study

This paper presents a set of regression models which incorporates concrete and steel types in modeling the costs of office buildings. To these ends, three typical office buildings with seven and 15 stories have been designed by the help of a commercial software taking into account the Turkish practice. In each project C-16, C-20, C-25, C-30 and C-35 concrete classes and S-220 and S-420 steel types were used for dimensioning purposes. Rough construction costs were then calculated for different combinations of concrete classes and steel types. The findings of the study revealed that column dimensions decrease following an increase in a particular concrete class. However, this decrease stops after C-30. Furthermore, an average cost difference of 16% was observed between the steel types S-220 and S-420.     

Electricity demand analysis using cointegration and ARIMA modelling: A case study of Turkey

In the early 2000s, the Republic of Turkey has initiated an ambitious reform program in her electricity market, which requires privatization, liberalization as well as a radical restructuring. The most controversial reason behind, or justification for, recent reforms has been the rapid electricity demand growth; that is to say, the whole reform process has been a part of the endeavors to avoid the so-called “energy crisis”. Using cointegration analysis and autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) modelling, the present article focuses on this issue by both providing an electricity demand estimation and forecast, and comparing the results with official projections. The study concludes, first, that consumers’ respond to price and income changes is quite limited and therefore there is a need for economic regulation in Turkish electricity market; and second, that the current official electricity demand projections highly overestimate the electricity demand, which may endanger the development of both a coherent energy policy in general and a healthy electricity market in particular.     

CCII-based PID controllers employing grounded passive components

In this paper, both of current-mode and voltage-mode proportional plus integral plus derivative (PID) controllers employing the second-generation current conveyors (CCIIs) as active elements are developed. The presented novel PID controllers have grounded passive elements that do not need passive element matching, and realize independently adjustable PID parameters. Thus, it is easy to implement these PID controllers in integrated circuits. Several computer simulations are presented to demonstrate the behavior of these proposed PID controllers.     

Efficient multiframe Wiener restoration of blurred and noisy imagesequences

Computationally efficient multiframe Wiener filtering algorithms that account for both intraframe (spatial) and interframe (temporal) correlations are proposed for restoring image sequences that are degraded by both blur and noise. One is a general computationally efficient multiframe filter, the cross-correlated multiframe (CCMF) Wiener filter, which directly utilizes the power and cross power spectra of only NxN matrices, where N is the number of frames used in the restoration. In certain special cases the CCMF lends itself to a closed-form solution that does not involve any matrix inversion. A special case is the motion-compensated multiframe (MCMF) filter, where each frame is assumed to be a globally shifted version of the previous frame. In this case, the interframe correlations can be implicitly accounted for using the estimated motion information. Thus the MCMF filter requires neither explicit estimation of cross correlations among the frames nor matrix inversion. Performance and robustness results are given.     

An exposé of bioenergy and its potential and utilization in Turkey

Turkey is heavily dependent on expensive imported energy resources (oil, gas and coal) that place a big burden on the economy. Air pollution is also becoming a great environmental concern in the country. In this regard, renewable energy resources appear to be one of the most efficient and effective solutions for clean and sustainable energy development in Turkey. Turkey's renewable sources are the second largest source for energy production after coal. About two-thirds of the renewable energy produced is obtained from bioenergy, which is used to meet a variety of energy needs, including generating electricity, heating homes, fueling vehicles and providing process heat for industrial facilities. The amount of usable bioenergy potential of Turkey is approximately 17 Mtoe. This article not only presents a review of the potential and utilization of the bioenergy in Turkey but also provides some guidelines for policy makers.     

Cost effect of earthquake region and soil type for office buildings in Turkey

In this study, the change in the load-bearing system cost of a reinforced concrete office building has been investigated in relation to the earthquake regions and soil types. Three different office projects each with five stories were investigated. The structural design calculations have been made according to four different soil types and four different earthquake regions. According to each combination, concrete, steel and formwork adopted approximations were calculated to reach the rough cost of each office building. The changes in the cost of projects according to the soil type and earthquake region were examined with multiple regression analysis and analysis of variance. In general, the change in cost has been observed around 22% between first and fourth soil type and 14% between first and fourth earthquake region.