一种基于有限信道的能量高效节点调度机制

在低负载、低功耗无线传感器网络中,节点状态切换的能量消耗因为用于数据传输的能量较小而变得不可忽略。针对此问题,提出了结合多信道技术与时分多路访问( TDMA)技术的节点调度算法。该算法设计了基于接收端的连续时隙分配策略以减少节点状态切换次数,并且在可用无线信道有限的约束条件下,提出了信道分配与时隙调整机制,实现了时隙重用并最小化有限信道约束对优化节点状态切换次数的影响。仿真实验结果表明,当可用无线信道数为3~5时,算法能够有效地改善节点能量效率。当可用无线信道数大于3之后,算法能够获得优化的数据汇聚时间。     

中国电力中长期市场分时段交易价格形成机制及模型

电力中长期市场分时段交易是中国电力市场改革的重要举措之一。针对当前电力中长期市场分时段交易价格形成机制不合理、不完善的问题,提出了中国电力中长期市场分时段交易价格形成机制及其模型。首先,分析影响中国电力中长期分时段交易价格形成的因素,提出电力中长期交易的4种典型场景;然后,综合考虑生产成本和用户效用,探索性地提出适用于中长期分时段交易的系统平均成本定价、用户失负荷价值定价、系统边际成本定价和发电企业失负荷价值定价4种成本定价机制,构建了基于成本定价的分时段交易定价模型;最后,以某省实际数据为例进行测算,验证了模型的有效性。     

基于人工智能图像识别的输电线路巡检研究

为了准确、及时地发现输电线路中的缺陷,研究基于人工智能图像识别技术的输电线路立体化巡检模式。具体地,以人工智能图像识别技术为支持,借助K-means算法对立体巡检图像进行聚类处理,同时,采用人工神经网络对图像中输电线路缺陷进行智能识别。经测试,在相同工作量下,未采用本文所提技术的输电线路缺陷识别需要5个分析员持续工作15 d,平均每分钟进行2～3张图片的识别,图像识别速度为20～30 s/张;采用人工智能识别技术,识别速度高达0.25 s/张,仅需3.6 h便可以将识别任务完成。在弱光环境下,经过增强处理的图像边缘更加清晰,目标图像与背景实现明显分界,且现阶段可利用输电线路中相同部件不同角度的7张图片实现高于90%的识别准确率。另外,通过对相同条件下其他几种方法影响模型实际收敛情况的比较发现,所有方法的重构误差均呈现出逐渐降低之势,最终都趋于稳定。结果表明本文技术在立体化线路图像缺陷检测中有一定普适性,有利于工作效率的显著提升。     

多基地雷达聚类分析鉴别有源假目标

针对现有多基地雷达抗欺骗式干扰方法无法应用于多干扰源的问题,该文提出一种基于聚类分析的多基地雷达鉴别有源假目标方法,利用真假目标接收信号矢量之间相关性的差异,以相关系数为度量,通过聚类分析方法,将相同干扰源产生的假目标聚为一类,每个真实目标各为一类,实现有源假目标的有效鉴别.该方法可用于鉴别任意欺骗调制方式产生的有源假目标,且适用于多个干扰源实施分布式干扰的应用场景.最后,通过仿真实验,验证了所提聚类分析方法鉴别有源假目标的有效性.     

Gold immunochromatographic sensor for the rapid detection of twenty-six sulfonamides in foods

A gold immunochromatographic sensor (GICS) was developed for the rapid detection of 26 sulfonamides in honey samples.The sensor was based on a group-specific monoclonal antibody (mAb) that can recognize all 26 sulfonamides.Three haptens (hapten 1 with a thiazole ring,hapten 2 with a benzene ring,and hapten 3 with a straight carbon chain) were used for antigen preparation.With hybridoma technology,a group-specific mAb was screened with a 50％ maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) against sulfathizole (STZ) and the other 25 analogues ranging from 0.08 to 90.18 ng/mL.Mono-dispersed gold nanoparticles were conjugated with the mAb to develop the lateral immunochromatographic strip.A labeled antibody concentration of 0.1 μg/mL and a coating antigen concentration of 0.2 μg/mL in the test line were chosen for strip preparation.Under optimized conditions,the visual limits of detection (vLOD) for the concentrations of STZ,sulfamethoxazole,sulfamethizole,sulfadiazine,sulfamerazine,sulfadimethoxine,sulfamonomethoxine,sulfameter,sulfamethoxypyridazine,and sulfachloropyridazine were 5,0.25,0.25,10,5,10,25,2.5,5,0.25,and 10 μg/kg,respectively.Scanner analysis in honey samples revealed good performance for detection of the 26 sulfonamides.Commercial honey samples were tested with the sensor and positive results were confirmed with high-performance liquid chromatography.The proposed strip sensor provides a convenient method for the rapid and reliable determination of sulfonamides pollutants in honey samples.     

Gold nanoparticle-based paper sensor for ultrasensitive and multiple detection of 32 (fluoro)quinolones by one monoclonal antibody

For rapid and simultaneous detection of (fluoro)quinolones, a broadly specific monoclonal antibody (mAb) that recognizes 32 (fluoro)quinolone antibiotics was prepared using a mixture of a norfloxacin derivative and a sarfloxacin derivative as the hapten. An immunochromatographic strip based on gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) was then assembled with goat anti-mouse antibody and antigen (sarfloxacin coupled to ovalbumin), used to form the C line and T line, respectively. This antigen competes with the (fluoro)quinolones in a sample incubated with mAbs labeled with AuNPs. The strip can detect 32 (fluoro)quinolones including oxolinic acid, nalidixic acid, miloxacin, pipemidic acid, piromidic acid, rosoxacin, cinoxacin, norfloxacin, pefloxacin, lomfloxacin, enofloxacin, fleroxacin, ciprofloxacin, enrofloxacin, dafloxacin, orbifloxacin, sparfloxacin, gemifloxacin, besifloxacin, balofloxacin, gatifloxacin, moxifloxacin, nadifloxacin, ofloxacin, marbofloxacin, flumequine, pazufloxacin, prulifloxacin, sarafloxacin, difloxacin, trovafloxacin, and tosufloxacin in milk within 10 min with the naked eye. The cut-off values of the strip range from 1 to 100 ng/mL and the limits of detection are 0.1–10 ng/mL. The strip does not cross-react with antibiotics including tetracycline, sulfamethazine, ampicillin, erythromycin, aflatoxin B1, or gentamicin. In short, this immunochromatographic strip is a very useful tool for the primary screening of (fluoro)quinolones in milk.

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Environmentally benign chitosan as reductant and supporter for synthesis of Ag/AgCl/chitosan composites by one-step and their photocatalytic degradation performance under visible-light irradiation

A novel Ag/AgCl/chitosan composite photocatalyst was successfully prepared by a simple one-step method. During this progress, environmentally benign chitosan not only served as reductant to reduce Ag⁺ to Ag⁰ species, but also acted as supporter for Ag/AgCl nanoparticles. XRD, SEM, EDX, UV-vis DRS and XPS were employed to characterize the as-prepared simples. SEM images of Ag/AgCl/chitosan composites revealed that Ag/AgCl nanoparticles were successfully loaded onto chitosan without obvious aggregation. All Ag/AgCl/chitosan composites exhibited efficient photocatalytic activity for the degradation of rhodamine B (RhB) under visible-light irradiation. The result of photocatalytic degradation experiment indicated that 20% of the mass ratio of AgCl to chitosan was the optimum, and after 40 min photocatalytic reaction, the degradation rate reached about 96%.     

Bootstrapping Analysis of Lifetime Data with Subsampling

Because of cost and time limitations, reliability experiments frequently contain subsampling, which is a restriction on randomization. A two‐stage approach can analyze right censored Weibull distributed reliability data with subsampling. However, in implementing such a method, we found that it did not address the problems of how to perform confidence intervals of low percentiles and reduce the bias of estimates. In this paper, we present a two‐stage bootstrapping approach and an unbiasing factor approach to solve the aforementioned problems. An example is provided to illustrate the proposed method. In addition, the proposed method is compared with existing methods through simulation. The resulting simulations show that the proposed method performs well in low percentiles. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

硬脂酸粉尘爆炸过程中火焰传播试验及数值模拟

采用试验和数值模拟相结合的方法研究了硬脂酸粉尘火焰在上端开口的圆柱形垂直燃烧管道的传播过程。试验利用高速摄影系统和红外热成像仪记录了火焰的传播过程和温度分布情况,结果表明:火焰传播速度和火焰温度均呈现先增大后减小的趋势。采用Fluent软件计算得到的模拟结果与试验值吻合较好,模拟结果揭示了硬脂酸粉尘爆炸过程中气流速度的变化情况,分析结果表明:在同一时刻,气流速度高于粉尘火焰传播速度,是造成粉尘二次扬尘,进而产生持续爆炸的重要因素之一。     

高度卡尺测量不确定度的评定与表示

建立高度卡尺示值误差测量不确定度的测量模型,对高度卡尺测量过程中引入的不确定度进行分类和量化,较为全面地评定了各个不确定度分量,并得出测量结果的扩展不确定度。