Biogenic Amine Content of Beers Consumed in Turkey and Influence of Storage Conditions on Biogenic Amine Formation

The biogenic amine content of beers available in Turkey, both domestic production and imported products, was investigated. A total of 17 domestic and 13 imported beers were evaluated in terms of 8 different biogenic amines (histamine, tyramine, spermine, spermidine, 2‐phenylethylamine, putrescine, tryptamine and cadaverine). HPLC methodology with pre‐column derivatization and photodiode array detection after derivatization with dansyl chloride was used for quantification. In addition, the evolution of important amines such as histamine, tyramine, putrescine and cadaverine were investigated during different storage conditions by response surface methodology. The results indicated that both storage temperature and storage time were important factors affecting biogenic amine content. Histamine and putrescine increased during storage, but then decreased after reaching a maximum level after six weeks. With the biogenic amines tyramine and cadaverine, the amounts increased during the entire storage period. At higher storage temperatures, the formation of biogenic amines increased.     

浅谈引黄工程南干线膨胀岩的特性及工程施工中应注意的问题

引黄入晋南干线总长９７．７ｋｍ，其中７＃隧洞长４３．５ｋｍ，是现今世界上最长的引水隧洞，该隧洞有３３ｋｍ处于工程地质条件差的膨胀岩中。本文根据膨胀岩的工程特点，按不同地层中粘土矿物的含量划分其膨胀性强弱，并结合实际情况，分析膨胀破坏机理，为施工设计提供依据。     

Application of Solid‐Phase Micro‐Extraction (SPME) for Determining Residues of Chlorpyrifos and Chlorpyrifos‐Methyl in Wine with Gas Chromatography (GC)

The incorrect use of insecticides in many countries' vineyards may result in some toxicological risks for the consumers by their presence on the grapes. In this research, a rapid gas chromatographic method was used for the determination of the residue levels of two organophosphorus pesticides (chlorpyrifos and chlorpyrifos‐methyl) in wine. Pesticides are described and compared with each other. Ten red wines from two different regions of Turkey were analyzed for their chlorpyrifos and chlorpyrifos‐methyl content. The samples were diluted with water and extracted by solid‐phase micro extraction. Nitrogen‐Phosphorus Detection (NDP) and Electron‐Capture Detection (ECD) were used to identify and quantify the pesticides, the findings being confirmed using Mass Spectrometric Detection. Individual detection limits were in the range of (chlorpyrifos) 0.02‐(chlor‐pyrifos‐methyl) 0.1 ng. Limits of quantification varied from (chlorpyrifos) 0.01‐(chlorpyrifos‐methyl) 0.05 mg kg^?1. The maximum residues limits of the two pesticides in the Turkish wines examined were much lower than the Turkish and European Union limits.     

焊接变形实时测量系统的建立与应用

通过屏蔽掉焊接条件下的强烈干扰 ,利用高性能的电子元器件 ,建立了一套焊接变形实时测量系统。利用该系统同时测量出焊缝高温区一点的横、纵向位移 ,得到该点在焊接过程中的运动轨迹。该系统还在实际焊接构件的变形控制中得到应用     

改进灰色预测在油田多目标规划决策中的应用

建立了Ｓ油田勘探、开发、炼化、机械、公用工程等多个部门和全局的非线性多级目标优化规划模型,应用关联分析、改进灰色预测、回归分析求取规划模型的约束方程并线性化;编制了相应的计算软件,使之快速预测和优化油田各部门“九五”各年的投资和产值;并将优化结果与油田过去或计划值加以对比,给油田规划决策带来一定的参考。     

污染控制与高效节能--柴油机的最新技术进展

因为在春节以后北京连续的雾霾天气，使全世界关注中国，中国也关注自己。从十二五规划编制完成以后，国家启动了内燃机工业节能减排战略研究课题。经过两年的努力，在今年2月6号，《国务院办公厅关于加强内燃机工业节能减排的意见》在国务院常务会议的讨论审查中通过，今年2月17号正式出台。     

CJ/T 275—2008标准的探讨

文章通过对《城镇燃气调压箱》(CJ/T275—2008)标准条文的解读,探讨我国城镇燃气调压箱适用标准的技术要求和制造要求。     

不同围压下页岩微观破裂过程与量化研究

为揭示不同围压下页岩微观结构的破裂机理,基于RFPA2D-DIP对页岩微观结构进行单/双轴压缩试验,利用数字图像技术对页岩裂纹进行量化统计。结果表明,围压对页岩微观结构裂纹萌生、扩展及贯通具有重要影响,随着围压的增大,页岩微观结构存在V型(0 MPa、2 MPa、4 MPa)和倒V型(6 MPa、8 MPa、10 MPa)两种破裂模式,低围压(0 MPa、2 MPa、4 MPa)下微观结构破裂面粗糙,高围压(6 MPa、8 MPa、10 MPa)下微观结构破裂面平整。围压对裂纹量化指标影响显著,分形维数随围压的增大呈线性减小趋势,裂纹条数和裂纹总长随围压增大变化趋势具有一致性,呈M型,裂隙率和裂纹均宽随围压增大而减小,且变化速率越来越小。     

Dissolution corrosion of 4H‐SiC in lead‐bismuth eutectic at 550°C

The corrosion behavior of 4H‐SiC in lead‐bismuth (Pb‐Bi) eutectic (LBE) at 550°C is investigated. To clarify the effect of irradiation damage on corrosion, samples with and without Si⁵⁺ ion irradiation are contrastively evaluated. The main results show that dissolution corrosion occurs in both unirradiated and irradiated samples, while the irradiation damage can accelerate the corrosion rate. The corroded surface is characterized by the loss of C element and the formation of amorphous layers with a slight enrichment of Si atoms. The possible reasons are discussed.     

复杂装备故障预测与健康管理体系结构研究

PHM是基于CBM概念的一种新技术,对提高复杂装备的维修保障能力和减少维修保障费用有着重大意义;文章以复杂装备为研究对象,针对其PHM系统设计的首要问题———PHM体系结构进行了探索,提出了适合复杂装备的PHM总体结构和相应的硬件、软件系统结构,并在此基础上结合现行的三级维护体制提出了基于Web的防空导弹装备PHM总体结构。