Lernen im freiwilligen Engagement und gesellschaftliche Partizipation

This contribution analyses the impact of young people’s work on political participation in adulthood on the basis of Dewey’s theory of democratic education and a theory of community service sketched by Reinders. Its primary goal is to examine whether the acquisition of specific skills and specific knowledge obtained in social and political institutions is as important for – or even more important than – future political commitment as the development of pro-social attitudes. Based on survey data (n = 2,052), these assumptions are tested using ordinal probit models. These models show that in addition to effects of changes in attitude, specific experiences in voluntary work seem to be important to promoting political participation. Political commitment is, therefore, indeed closely connected to learning and educational processes in the sense of Dewey.     

Politicians’ perspective on the community-related impacts of major sports events – a case study for Innsbruck-Tyrol

While scholarly attention with respect to the social impacts of sports events has increased in recent years, there is still little research discussing the wide-ranging community-related impacts stemming particularly from major sports events. Local political leaders, as (elected) representatives of the community, are important stakeholders within this context and face the challenge of balancing diverse interests in the implementation of major sports events. The purpose of this study is to assess the importance politicians attribute to event impacts that create sustainable outcomes for residents living in a host city. Based on a content analysis, a list of general event impacts (outputs and legacies) produced by major sports events was created and subsequently discussed with scholars and experts in the field to classify the criteria as community relevant or not. A final number of 56 criteria (34 of which are considered community relevant) was then used in the assessment of the politicians’ (representing either the State of Tyrol or the City of Innsbruck) attitude towards these impacts. The findings of the study indicate that, though aware of community interests, politicians nevertheless prioritize economic and touristic benefits for the host city/region such as place marketing. Moreover, politicians seem to have a better understanding of tangible impacts (e.g. infrastructure), underestimating the important intangible impacts (e.g. voluntariness) closely related to community issues. Thus, the research in hand outlines the need to sensitize governments to community interests when planning and implementing major sports events.     

Differences in 3D kinematics between volleyball and beach volleyball spike movements

The purpose of this study was to identify differences between volleyball and beach volleyball spike jump movements performed on an indoor surface and sand surface respectively. Eight elite male volleyball players performed spike jump movements on both surfaces. An eight-camera motion capturing system (250Hz) was used to generate 3D kinematic data. Seven groups of variables representing the kinematics of the centre of mass, the countermovement, the approach phase, and the angular amplitudes and maximal velocities of the lower and upper limbs were examined using Hotelling's T2(2). Significant differences were observed in the movement of the centre of mass (P < 0.05), the countermovement, the kinematics of the approach phase, and the angular amplitudes of the lower limbs. However, no significant differences were observed either in the maximal angular velocities of the lower and upper limbs, or in the amplitudes of the upper limb motion. In conclusion, the participants showed significant adaptation to changed movement conditions. As a result of the compliance of the sand surface, the participants slowed down their movements, especially during the phase of transition from knee flexion to extension and during the extension phase. Furthermore, the participants demonstrated changes in foot position to reach the greatest height possible.     

Training load characteristics and injury and illness risk identification in elite youth ski racing: A prospective study

PurposeThe study aimed to investigate the role of training load characteristics and injury and illness risk in youth ski racing.MethodsThe training load characteristics as well as traumatic injuries, overuse injuries, and illnesses of 91 elite youth ski racers (age = 12.1 ± 1.3 years, mean ± SD) were prospectively recorded over a period of 1 season by using a sport-specific online database. Multiple linear regression analyses were performed to monitor the influence of training load on injuries and illnesses. Differences in mean training load characteristics between preseason, in-season, and post-season were calculated using multivariate analyses of variance.ResultsDifferences were discovered in the number of weekly training sessions (p = 0.005) between pre-season (4.97 ± 1.57) and post-season (3.24 ± 0.71), in the mean training volume (p = 0.022) between in-season (865.8 ± 197.8 min) and post-season (497.0 ± 225.5 min) and in the mean weekly training intensity (Index) (p = 0.012) between in-season (11.7 ± 1.8) and post-season (8.9 ± 1.7). A total of 185 medical problems were reported (41 traumatic injuries, 12 overuse injuries, and 132 illnesses). The weekly training volume and training intensity was not a significant risk factor for injuries (p > 0.05). Training intensity was found to be a significant risk factor for illnesses in the same week (β = 0.348; p = 0.044; R² = 0.121) and training volume represents a risk factor for illnesses in the following week (β = 0.397; p = 0.027; R² = 0.157).ConclusionA higher training intensity and volume were associated with increased illnesses, but not with a higher risk of injury. Monitoring training and ensuring appropriate progression of training load between weeks may decrease incidents of illness in-season.     

图书馆的社会作用:提升信息服务 助力脱贫致富——脱贫攻坚与图书馆作为专家笔谈

2020年是中国脱贫攻坚战的收官之年,也是全面建成小康社会目标实现之年。无论是在前几年脱贫攻坚还是今年疫情防控中,中国图书馆界都积极响应,全力参与,在数字扶贫、精准服务方面发挥了图书馆应有的社会作用。饶权指出,中国对全球脱贫事业做出了巨大贡献,各级各类图书馆在文化扶贫、信息扶贫中始终发挥着积极作用。今年是脱贫攻坚战收官之年,图书馆界要从"大水漫灌"到"精准滴灌",提升扶贫工作精细化水平;从"单兵作战"到"合力攻关",构筑一体化扶贫工作网络;从"授人以鱼"到"授人以渔",激活扶贫对象内生动力。进入"后扶贫时代"的图书馆,要在提高脱贫人口信息化素养和科学文化素质方面积极作为,使脱贫人口真正有能力开创和拥有属于自己的美好生活;杰拉德·莱特纳认为,联合国《2030年可持续发展议程》及其可持续发展目标描绘了全世界走向更强大、更公平、更绿色的经济和社会的路线图。他指出,这些年来国际图联一直强调联合国工作与图书馆工作之间存在着联系,图书馆通过履行自己的使命也为促进联合国使命做出了贡献。他同时深信,中国各级各类图书馆在国家、地区和全球范围内都将做出重大贡献,并为全球图书馆营造更强大的声音;孙坦认为,继...     

The impact of previous type of abuse and sibling adoption upon adoptive families

OBJECTIVE: The paper addresses the impacts of the type of abuse and sibling adoption upon family functioning. The specific objectives are to test the relationships: (1). between an adopted child's previous type of abuse and postadoptive family functioning; (2). between an adopted child's previous type of abuse and the child's postadoptive externalized behavior status; (3). between sibling adoption status and postadoptive family functioning; and (4). between sibling adoption status and the child's postadoptive externalized behavior status. METHOD: Data were collected from parents with adopted children, between the ages of 2 and 16, who have special needs status. The convenience sample was drawn primarily from one southern state. RESULTS: The results suggest that the child's type of abuse does predict different outcomes in terms of a parent's report of postadoptive family functioning but not the adopted child's postadoptive externalized behavior. Sibling adoptions resulted in lower perceptions of family functioning but slightly improved perceptions of the child's postadoptive externalized behavior. CONCLUSION: Parents with adopted children who have histories of physical and sexual abuse reported lower family functioning than those parents with adopted children who only have histories of neglect. Parents who adopted sibling groups reported fewer externalized child behavior problems but lower family functioning than those parents who adopted a single child. These results suggest the need for a variety of family supports targeted to family needs as well as to promoting behavioral changes in the children.