碳化硅晶须发展及应用概况

综合论述了ＳｉＣ晶须的高强，高硬，高化学稳定性以及其耐磨耐腐蚀和良好的抗高温氧化性等特点；评述了ＳｉＣ晶须的各种合成方法和国内外发展应用状况。     

Recent Advances of Spatial Self‐Phase Modulation in 2D Materials and Passive Photonic Device Applications

Optical nonlinearity in 2D materials excited by spatial Gaussian laser beam is a novel and peculiar optical phenomenon, which exhibits many novel and interesting applications in optical nonlinear devices. Passive photonic devices, such as optical switches, optical logical gates, photonic diodes, and optical modulators, are the key compositions in the future all‐optical signal‐processing technologies. Passive photonic devices using 2D materials to achieve the device functionality have attracted widespread concern in the past decade. In this Review, an overview of the spatial self‐phase modulation (SSPM) in 2D materials is summarized, including the operating mechanism, optical parameter measurement, and tuning for 2D materials, and applications in photonic devices. Moreover, some current challenges are also proposed to solve, and some possible applications of SSPM method are predicted for the future. Therefore, it is anticipated that this summary can contribute to the application of 2D material‐based spatial effect in all‐optical signal‐processing technologies.     

Characterization of residual stresses from cold expansion using spatial statistics

Residual stress fields from cold expansion have been widely used to extend the fatigue life of aircraft structures. However, the spatial statistical character of these residual stress fields has not been established and has not been incorporated in current analysis methods. The objective of this study was to establish a spatial statistical method to quantify the residual stress field around a cold expanded hole. A framework called the Spatial Analysis of Residual Stress (SpARS) was developed utilizing spatial correlation, response surface modelling techniques and statistical resampling methods to characterize the residual stress field. Our results showed that tolerance bounds on residual stress can be quantified using this method. We also demonstrated the SpARS method using recently published round robin case studies. The newly developed model will be useful for aircraft structural fatigue crack growth analyses to incorporate residual stress fields for extending inspection intervals for fatigue and fracture critical structures.     

改善ZrCo储氚合金抗歧化性能的研究综述:晶体结构、放氢热力学和歧化动力学

ZrCo合金由于优异的储氢性能以及安全特性,已被国际热核实验堆(ITER)研发团队选取为用于氢同位素快速储存与供给的重点备选材料。然而,由吸/放氢循环过程中发生的氢致歧化效应导致的储氢性能严重衰减,成为了ZrCo合金推广应用于氢同位素快速储存与供给的最大障碍。因此,改善ZrCo合金的抗氢致歧化性能对其广泛应用于氢同位素快速储存与供给领域具有重要意义。本文介绍了ZrCo合金的储氢性能和氢致歧化特性,综述了元素替代(掺杂元素部分替代Zr或Co)改善ZrCo合金抗歧化性能的研究进展,并指出进一步改善ZrCo合金抗歧化性能的必要性及可能的发展方向。     

Heat-Killed Enterococcus faecalis EF-2001 Induces Human Dermal Papilla Cell Proliferation and Hair Regrowth in C57BL/6 Mice

Minoxidil is the most widely used treatment for hair growth, but has been associated with several side effects. In this study, we investigated the effects of heat-killed Enterococcus faecalis EF-2001 on hair loss prevention and regrowth using human dermal papilla cells and male C57BL/6 mice. To examine the effects of EF-2001, we used minoxidil as the positive control. In the in vitro experiments, EF-2001 treatment (75–500 μg/mL) led to the proliferation of human dermal papilla cells in a concentration-dependent manner. In the in vivo experiment, the topical application of 200 µL EF-2001 on the dorsal surface of C57BL/6 male mice led to hair growth. Changes in hair regrowth were examined by visual comparison and hematoxylin and eosin staining of skin sections. We also determined the expression levels of marker genes (Wnt) and growth factors (fibroblast growth factor, insulin growth factor 1, and vascular endothelial growth factor) in the skin tissues of the back of each mouse using a quantitative polymerase chain reaction. EF-2001 accelerated the progression of hair regrowth in mice and promoted hair-follicle conversion from telogen to anagen, likely by increasing the expression levels of growth factors and marker genes.     

Towards 3D Bioprinted Spinal Cord Organoids

Three-dimensional (3D) cultures, so-called organoids, have emerged as an attractive tool for disease modeling and therapeutic innovations. Here, we aim to determine if boundary cap neural crest stem cells (BC) can survive and differentiate in gelatin-based 3D bioprinted bioink scaffolds in order to establish an enabling technology for the fabrication of spinal cord organoids on a chip. BC previously demonstrated the ability to support survival and differentiation of co-implanted or co-cultured cells and supported motor neuron survival in excitotoxically challenged spinal cord slice cultures. We tested different combinations of bioink and cross-linked material, analyzed the survival of BC on the surface and inside the scaffolds, and then tested if human iPSC-derived neural cells (motor neuron precursors and astrocytes) can be printed with the same protocol, which was developed for BC. We showed that this protocol is applicable for human cells. Neural differentiation was more prominent in the peripheral compared to central parts of the printed construct, presumably because of easier access to differentiation-promoting factors in the medium. These findings show that the gelatin-based and enzymatically cross-linked hydrogel is a suitable bioink for building a multicellular, bioprinted spinal cord organoid, but that further measures are still required to achieve uniform neural differentiation.     

低压三相电机交流控制电源应采用控制变压器

就交流低压三相电动机控制电路的电源而言,国内外采用的方式有很大不同,我国多为相线加中性线或两根相线,而国外发达国家几乎均采用控制变压器;从标准入手进行对比分析,提出除特殊原因外,交流低压三相电动机控制电路的电源应采用控制变压器.     

面向我国电力市场的需求响应市场化交易机制设计

随着我国2060年“碳中和”发展目标的提出,我国可再生能源装机容量和装机比例都将快速增长.由于可再生能源的随机性和反调峰特性,电力系统调峰能力不足等问题日益突出,系统安全稳定运行面临极大挑战.需求响应作为灵活性调节资源,其发展有利于提升电力系统运行的安全性和灵活性.当前,我国已在多省开展了各具特色的需求响应试点,随着我...