星点设计-响应面法优化番茄红素纳米结构脂质载体的制备

番茄红素是一种功能性脂溶类胡萝卜素,但稳定性较差限制了其在食品中的应用及生物利用率。采用乙醇注入-探头式超声法制备番茄红素纳米结构脂质载体,并对其进行工艺优化。结果表明,番茄红素纳米结构脂质载体呈粉红色悬浊液,通过星点设计-响应面法优化后其包封率为（90.84±0.41）%,载药量为（2.56±0.01）%,粒径为（126.48±3.87）nm,多分散指数为0.188±0.028,Zeta-电位为（－48.53±2.40）mV;4 ℃条件下贮存30 d后番茄红素包封率为（84.49±0.44）%,粒径为（135.48±7.31）nm。结果表明采用乙醇注入-探头式超声法制备的番茄红素纳米结构脂质载体可提高番茄红素稳定性。     

钢筋UHPC受弯构件裂缝宽度计算方法研究

为建立钢筋UHPC受弯构件的裂缝宽度计算方法,对6根钢筋UHPC梁进行四点抗弯试验,分析试验梁的裂缝发展过程和分布规律,以此为基础评估了现有规范公式计算钢筋UHPC受弯构件裂缝宽度的适用性,给出考虑UHPC抗拉贡献的钢筋UHPC受弯构件的钢筋应力计算方法和裂缝宽度建议计算公式,并通过国内16根钢筋UHPC梁的97组有效裂缝宽度试验结果对给出的裂缝宽度建议公式的适用性进行验证。研究结果表明：①UHPC梁表面裂缝宽度小于0.25mm时,裂缝宽度基本呈线性规律扩展,裂缝数量不断增加,裂缝间距逐渐减小;裂缝宽度超过0.25mm后,裂缝宽度迅速扩展并形成主裂缝,裂缝数量基本不变,裂缝间距趋于稳定,裂缝分布密而细,呈现出多元开裂现象。②直接采用GB 5010-2010规范和CECS 38-2004规范的裂缝宽度公式计算钢筋UHPC受弯构件的裂缝宽度误差较大。③基于UHPC材料特性,提出考虑UHPC抗拉作用的钢筋UHPC受弯构件开裂截面的钢筋应力计算方法,可较好地预测钢筋UHPC受弯构件开裂截面的钢筋应力。④结合试验数据和分析,对GB 50010-2010规范中平均裂缝间距、钢筋应变不均匀系数、构件受力特征系数进行修正,给出钢筋UHPC受弯构件裂缝宽度计算公式,修正后的建议公式计算值与文章试验值吻合良好,且与法国UHPC规范公式预测结果相比离散性更小。⑤建议公式的裂缝宽度计算值与收集的裂缝宽度试验数据库的试验值之比的平均值为0.99,标准差为0.19,表明建议公式适用性良好,可为UHPC结构设计规范的编制提供参考。     

某企业不同工种的放射工作人员发生甲状腺结节风险分析

采用职业健康体检资料和问卷形式,利用单因素和多因素logistic回归模型,分析探讨某企业内不同工种的放射工作人员暴露在低剂量电离辐射环境下发生甲状腺结节的风险。结果表明,放射工作人员中以混合射线组甲状腺结节发生风险最高,随着年龄和放射工龄的增加发生风险会增加;性别不同与甲状腺结节发生风险有关。     

第三组元对爆炸压实CuCr合金性能的影响

采用机械合金化工艺由Cu、Cr及添加第三组元素粉按一定质量比合成CuCr及CuCrM (M =W ,Fe)预合金粉 ,尔后用爆炸压实工艺制备电触点材料CuCr合金。着重研究了第三组元对爆炸压实的CuCr合金性能的影响。结果表明 ,添加W提高爆炸压实的CuCr合金的密度 ,添加Fe稍微降低其密度 ;添加W或Fe都能显著提高CuCr合金硬度 ,并且添加Fe提高得更明显 ;添加W或Fe都会显著降低CuCr合金的电导率 ,并且CuCrM合金的电导率都较低     

负载番茄红素Pickering乳液的工艺研究

采用反溶剂法合成Zein-EGCG复合颗粒,用于制备负载番茄红素的Pickering乳液.根据二者复合比例和pH筛选出粒径较小的粒子进行表征,以乳析指数为指标制备不同颗粒浓度和油水比的Pickering乳液,研究剪切时间、转速以及番茄红素的浓度对负载Pickering乳液包埋率的影响,采用响应面进行优化实验,将其置于4...     

Experimental study on prediction model of wet gas pressure drop across single-orifice plate in horizontal pipes in the low gas phase Froude number region

The pressure drop prediction of wet gas across single-orifice plate in horizontal pipes had been solved satisfactorily under an annular-mist flow in the upstream of orifice plates. However, this pressure drop prediction is still not clearly determined when the upstream is in an intermittent flow or stratified flow, which is corresponding to a region of low Fr_G (gas phase Froude number) in the flow pattern map of wet gases. In this study, the wet gas pressure drop across a single-orifice plate was experimentally investigated in the low Fr_G region. By the experiment, the flow pattern transition in the downstream of single-orifice plates, as well as the effects of Fr_G and Fr_L (liquid phase Froude number) on Φ_G (gas phase multiplier), were determined and compared when the upstream is in the flow pattern transition and the stratified flow region, respectively. Prediction performances were examined on the available pressure drop models. It was found that no model could be capable of jointly predicting the wet gas pressure drop in the low Fr_G region with an acceptable accuracy. With a new method of correlating Fr_G and Fr_L simultaneously, new correlations were proposed for the low Fr_G region. Among which the modified Chisholm model shows the best prediction accuracies, with the prediction deviations of Φ_G being within 7% and 3% when the upstream is in flow pattern transition and stratified flow region, respectively.     

板桥水库复建工程混凝土坝的渗漏处理

板桥水库复建工程于1991年9月30日下闸蓄水，1993年6月竣工验收。自蓄水后的每年10月以后，气温下降，渗漏量增大。1993年11月底，坝体总渗漏量达59.94m3／h，远大于设计值3．28m3／h。经坝体排水孔封堵灌浆；溢流坝堰顶帷幕灌浆；堰顶横缝表面封堵和混凝土裂缝的化学灌浆处理，增强了混凝土的防渗性能，坝体渗漏量降为1．88m3／h，满足了设计要求。     

Isothermal martensite formation in an AISI 52100 ball bearing steel

The formation of isothermal martensite from the retained austenite in an AISI 52100 ball bearing steel was investigated. Optical microscopy reveals that there are mainly two types of isothermal martensite formation: the growth of the athermal martensite and the nucleation and growth of new martensite in the retained austenite. X-ray diffraction shows that during the isothermal transformation, the ratio of lattice constantsc/a decreases, and TEM verifies the precipitation of Fe, Cr)₃C in martensite. The kinetics of the isothermal transformation in the quenched steel also shows “C” shape characteristic. At the first stage of the isothermal formation, recovery of the athermal martensite occurs with an activation energy of 91.8 kJ mol^-1, implying that the diffusion of carbon in athermal martensite results in the precipitation of carbide and the relaxation of the strain energy at the martensite/matrix boundary. In the second stage, the activation energy for the isothermal formation is 130 kJ mol^-1; that may be the energy required for the rearrangement of the configuration of dislocations, forming preferred sites for nucleation. Formerly Graduate Student. Formerly Graduate Student, Department of Materials Science and Engineering.     

絮凝时间对混凝-超滤工艺的膜污染特性影响

为了考察混凝条件对混凝-超滤工艺中有机物去除效果和膜污染的影响,采用静态超滤试验装置对引黄水库水进行了试验研究。研究了絮凝时间对有机物去除效果、絮体特性和超滤膜过滤特性的影响,分析了膜污染的影响因素。试验结果表明：溶解性有机污染物质( DOC、UV254)的去除作用主要发生在快速混合和凝聚过程,后续的絮凝反应过程对溶解性有机污染物质的去除效果没有影响。絮凝反应时间对絮体特性和膜污染特性的影响显著,过短或过长的絮凝时间均会产生不利影响,絮凝时间10 min时絮凝指数处于最佳范围,絮体二维分形维数最小,膜比通量最大,膜总阻力最小,滤饼层阻力最小,膜孔阻力趋于稳定。混凝剂投加量为20 mg/L、絮凝10 min时,絮体特性和超滤膜过滤性能均达到最佳。欠投药和过投药都会对混凝效果、絮体特性和膜阻力特性产生显著影响。     

动态场景下基于精确背景补偿的运动目标检测

针对动态场景下因背景补偿效果欠佳而不能准确检测运动目标的问题,提出一种基于精确背景补偿的运动目标检测算法。算法采用加入对称约束的SURF特征点匹配算法,以获得稳健的匹配点对。同时利用自适应外点滤除法去除目标点对全局运动估计的影响,显著地提高了背景补偿的精度。最后用帧差法准确地检测出运动目标。实验结果表明,该算法具有很好的鲁棒性,能够在背景复杂且摄像机运动的环境下准确地提取出运动目标。