A model study on the ionic polymerization in a flow reactor

A general theoretical study of heterogeneous ionic polymerization in a continuous stationary reactor is presented. Equations have been calculated that describe the dependence of the substances' concentration in the reaction vessel, of the polymer yield and molecular weight on the initial concentration of the monomer, catalyst and chain-transfer agent. The problem is solved with assumptions based on actual anion processes. The obtained functional dependences have been analysed for different values of their parameters. The characteristic features of the reaction are also emphasized.     

Preliminary radiation hygiene evaluation of the meat of animals whose feed was supplemented with mine water

Experiments were conducted on pigs given mine water as a salt additive to their food ration. The passing of radioactive substances from the mine water into the muscle and bone tissues of the animals was studied. It was shown that the levels of Sr-90, Cs-137, Ra-226 and U entering the body with the meat of pigs receiving food with mine salt water were significantly lower than their annual ingress limits.     

POST‐DAMMING FLOW REGIME DEVELOPMENT IN A LARGE LOWLAND RIVER (VOLGA,RUSSIAN FEDERATION): IMPLICATIONS FOR FLOODPLAIN INUNDATION AND FISHERIES

Periodic flooding plays a key role in the ecology of floodplain rivers. Damming of such rivers can disturb flooding patterns and have a negative impact on commercial fish yield. The Volga River, the largest river in Europe, has a regulated flow regime after completion of a cascade of dams. Here, we study effects of damming on long‐term discharge variability and flood pulse characteristics. In addition, we evaluate the effects of the altered flood pulse on floodplain ecosystem functioning and commercial fish yields. Our results indicate that both flood pulse and fish populations of the Volga–Akhtuba floodplain have varied considerably over the past decades. After damming, annual maximum peak discharges have decreased, minimum discharges increased, but average discharges remained similar to pre‐damming conditions. Moreover, because of bed level incision of over 1.5 m, a higher discharge is needed to reach bankfull level and inundate the floodplains. Despite this significantly altered hydrological regime and subsequent morphological changes, current discharge management still provides significant spring flooding. However, commercial fish catches did decrease after damming, both in the main channel and in the floodplain lakes. All catches were dominated by species with a eurytopic flow preference, although catches from the main channel contained more rheophilic species, and floodplain catches contained more limnophilic and phytophilic species. The strong increase of opportunistic gibel carp (Carassius gibelio) around 1985 was apparent in the main channel and the floodplain lakes. Despite the hydrological changes, the decrease in overall catches, and the upsurge of gibel, we found a strong positive effect of flood magnitude in the previous year on commercial fish yield in the floodplain lakes. This suggests that under the current discharge management there still is an increased fish growth and/or survival during high floods and that functioning of the floodplain is at least partly intact. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Residual stresses in the surface layer of tread grooves in bolts formed from titanium alloy VT16

Kuibyshev Aviation Institute. Gorky Polytechnic Institute. Translated from Metallovedenie i Termicheskaya Obrabotka Metallov, No. 1, pp. 9–12, January, 1990.     

Multipurpose two-wire secondary measuring transducer (sensor transmitter)

Translated from Izmeritel'naya Tekhnika, No. 12, pp. 52–53, December, 1991.     

Theoretical substantiation of the possibility of inducing a ponderomotive thermodynamic force in a solid and a gas

Based on the principle of least action extended by the author to heat conduction in a solid, owing to the formal analogy between time and absolute temperature stated in the 1980s by means of the formalism of the Hamilton—Jacobi equation an expression is obtained for the ponderomotive thermodynamic force in a solid and a gas. Translated from Inzhenerno-Fizicheskii Zhurnal, Vol. 71, No. 5, pp. 917–926, September–October, 1998.