Effects of baking on cyanidin-3-glucoside content and antioxidant properties of black and yellow soybean crackers

Black soybean is a potential functional food ingredient with high anthocyanin content, but the ability to maintain anthocyanin content under dry heat processing has not been reported. This study investigated the effects of soybean seed coat colour and baking time–temperature combinations on the extractable antioxidant properties of a soy cracker food model. Crackers prepared with black soybeans had significantly higher TPC, total isoflavones, and peroxyl, hydroxyl, and ABTS⁺ radical scavenging abilities than their yellow counterparts, at all time–temperature combinations. Cyanidin-3-glucoside (C3G) was detected only in black soybean crackers, and all baking treatments significantly decreased C3G. The greatest losses occurred at the low temperature × long time and high temperature × short time, the smallest loss with moderate temperature × short/medium time. The high temperature treatment altered phenolic acid and isoflavone profiles; however, total isoflavones were unaffected. Overall results suggest that moderate baking temperature at minimal time may best preserve anthocyanin and other phenolics in baked black soybean crackers.     

Pre-equilibrium cross section calculations in alpha induced reactions on Cu and Bi

The nuclear data on (α, xn) reactions are very important in the fields of radiation shielding, long-term safe handling of spent fuel and spallation neutron-production. In this study, neutron-production cross sections have been calculated for some target nuclei such as ⁶⁵Cu and ²⁰⁹Bi. Hybrid model and geometry dependent hybrid model have been used to calculate the pre-equilibrium neutron-production cross sections. The mean free path parameter’s effect for (α, xn) neutron-production cross section has been examined. The obtained results have been discussed and compared with the available experimental data.     

Development of a new stabilized four-phase oscillator based on partial conservativity

The paper treats the development of a non-linearly stabilized oscillator model for generating four sine waves in quadrature. the treatment appears important although quadrature signals can also be generated by a well-known twophase oscillator. the latter generates only two of the signals needed in a four-phase system, but the rest of the phases signals could nevertheless be generated by simply inverting the two existing signals. For certain applications, however, the generation of all four signals in a completely cyclic and symmetrical manner is preferable. This method of generation is dealt with in the present paper. A previous paper of ours has treated a system of a similar objective. the present system, however, is much simpler. This simplicity is manifested not only through the mathematical representation but also when an electronic realization of the system is considered. the present model realization appears considerably less expensive, since the number of necessarily non-linear operations is much reduced. This reduction is due to the fact that the non-linearly stabilized model imbeds a ‘partially conservative’ linear oscillator. the concept of ‘partial conservativity’ has been introduced recently. the present work treats comprehensively the advantages that are gained by imbedding a partially conservative oscillator.     

On an Approach to the Estimation of the Complexity of Curves (Using as an Example an Electroencephalogram of a Human Being)

A new approach to the estimation of the complexity of a continuous curve on a section is suggested. The basic idea of the approach consists in that the complexity of the curve must be estimated by a relative share of information, which is necessary for its recovery with a specified accuracy from a set of values in the finite number of points by means of a prescribed aggregate of methods. The suggested approach is illustrated by an estimate of the complexity of various fragments of an electroencephalogram (EEG) of a human being and can be used, in particular, for the macrostructural and microstructural analysis of the EEG.     

A population study of integrate-and-fire-or-burst neurons

Any realistic model of the neuronal pathway from the retina to the visual cortex (V1) must account for the bursting behavior of neurons in the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN). A robust but minimal model, the integrate-and-fire-or-burst (IFB) model, has recently been proposed for individual LGN neurons. Based on this, we derive a dynamic population model and study a population of such LGN cells. This population model, the first simulation of its kind evolving in a two-dimensional phase space, is used to study the behavior of bursting populations in response to diverse stimulus conditions.     

Solubility Limit of MgO in Al2O3 at 1600°C

The solubility of Mg in alumina was measured using wavelength-dispersive spectroscopy mounted on a scanning electron microscope. Careful calibration of the microscope's working conditions was performed in order to optimize the detection limit and accuracy. Measurements were conducted on water-quenched and furnace-cooled samples, without any thermal or chemical etching to avoid alteration of the bulk concentration. The results indicate the solubility limit of Mg in alumina to be 132±11 ppm at 1600°C.     

Air Pollution Emission Inventory Survey for Israel

High ozone levels are regularly measured during summer months over the inland and mountainous regions of Israel. Studies analyzing the back trajectories of air masses responsible for the high ozone levels showed that the precursors originated from the densely populated Israeli coastline. In order to better understand the contribution of those emission sources to ozone production, it is essential to have an accurate emission inventory that can be inputted into a photochemical model. The present paper describes the methods used in preparing an emission inventory for Israel based on information available and published until 1998. The source and accuracy of the data available are described. The calculations performed and the assumptions taken in order to obtain data not directly available are clarified. The sources reported in the inventory were the major polluters (power plants, oil refineries, and cement industries); industry; transportation; and biogenic sources. The pollutants studied were SO₂, NO_x, CO, saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons, ethylene, isoprene, toluene, xylene, formaldehyde, and aldehydes. The inventory showed that transportation is responsible for almost the entire CO and 30% of the volatile organic compounds emitted, although transportation itself accounts for only a fifth of total fuel consumption. About 75% of the NO_x emitted can be attributed to industrial sources and the remaining 25% to transportation. Model simulations using the emission inventory were performed and compared to data available from a monitoring station situated 30 km east of Tel Aviv. The results showed good agreement, validating the accuracy of the emission inventory. The present emission inventory provides an important database as input to photochemical models used in forecasting ozone levels over Israel.     

Periodic limb movement in sleep in children with Williams syndrome

Difficulty differentiating physiologic genu varum from early Blount's disease persists. Drennan's metaphyseal-diaphyseal (MD) angle remains the most consistently valuable radiographic parameter despite measurement error. Clinical risk factors also should be considered. All patients receiving orthoses for genu varum since 1985 were reviewed. The focus of the study was those patients with an MD angle of >16 degrees or between 9 and 16 degrees with a clinical risk factor for progression. Risk factors considered were ligamentous instability, obesity, asymmetry, and being female, black, or Hispanic. Thirty-eight patients with 60 tibiae were included. The success rate was 90%. Risk factors for failure (six cases) were instability, obesity, and delayed bracing. In cases with MD angles >16 degrees, the success rate was 86%. The results of orthotic treatment, restricted to patients meeting the stated parameters, represent improvement on the reported natural history.