爆炸对井下岩石的成缝作用

从理论上分析了爆炸在井下的作用原理和对水层岩石造缝的可行性,并经永寿、乾县等缺水带井下爆炸增水实践,证明能大大提高成井出水量,从而进一步证实了爆炸增水的可靠性。     

活性炭的制备及其在有机超级电容器中的应用

选择廉价的煤沥青为原料,经预处理和炭化,以KOH和CO2为活化剂在800℃进行物理活化和化学活化,制得活性炭。以1mol/LEt4NBF4/PC为电解液,制备超级电容器单元。测试结果表明,活性炭SBET达2352m2/g,总孔容为1.411cm3/g,平均孔径达2.399nm,振实密度达0.32g/cm3。制备的电容器为2.5V/5F,直流内阻为169m?,交流内阻为38m?,漏电流<2mA。4800次循环后,容量衰减<3%,能在–40～+60℃的宽温度范围内正常工作。     

LiPF6/LiBOB混合锂盐改善LiFePO4/石墨动力电池高温循环性能研究

分别以LiPF6、LiBOB和LiPF6/LiBOB混合盐为电解质,研究了不同电解液对LiFePO4/石墨动力电池高温循环性能的影响。结果表明,LiBOB盐抑制了正极溶铁行为,并提高了正极高温循环充放电效率;由于LiBOB基电解液对正极的保护及在负极表面良好的成膜作用,使得LiFePO4/石墨电池高温循环性能得到明显改善,但是增大了电池阻抗。LiPF6/Li-BOB混合盐可以发挥LiBOB盐的优点增加正极稳定性,在石墨表面形成致密的SEI膜并能够有效改善电池高温循环性能,同时避免了单纯使用LiBOB盐时阻抗较 高 的 缺 点。使 用LiPF6/LiBOB混 合 盐,利 用LiPF6盐低阻抗特性及LiBOB盐对正、负电极的保护作用,可以有效提高电池电化学性能。     

生长温度和退火气氛对ZnO:Al薄膜结构与性能的影响

采用直流磁控溅射法在玻璃衬底上制备ZnO:Al透明导电薄膜,研究生长温度和退火气氛对薄膜结构、形貌、光学和电学性能的影响。结果表明:不同温度下生长的ZnO:Al薄膜均为高度c轴取向的六角铅锌矿结构,400~900 nm波长范围内薄膜的平均透过率均超过85%。ZnO:Al薄膜的电学性能强烈依赖于生长温度,室温~500℃范围内,500℃下生长的薄膜具有最大的载流子浓度(2.294×1021 cm-3)和最低电阻率(4.095×10-4-.cm)。退火气氛对薄膜的性能影响显著,经过不同气氛退火后,薄膜的表面粗糙度降低,结晶质量和光学性能有所提高;在O2、N2、空气等气氛下退火,薄膜的载流子浓度降低,电阻率上升;Ar和真空退火时,薄膜载流子浓度上升,电阻率显著下降。     

大豆品种抗旱性早期鉴定方法

为探讨鉴定大豆品种抗旱性的简易方法,依据吸水后48h的发芽率对109个大豆种质材料进行抗旱性分级。继而在萌发期、营养生长期（V3）和生殖生长期（R4）进行盆栽控水试验,根据抗旱等级验证大豆植株的抗旱性。结果发现,大豆品种间抗旱性存在显著差异。种子吸水量与抗旱性无关,吸水后48h发芽率与抗旱性密切相关。幼苗侧根数量、主根长度和根系干重与抗旱性呈显著（P〈0.05）相关。对萌发后幼苗供水24h后,随即停水24h,反复干旱处理,抗旱品种存活率显著高于普通品种。在V3期对盆栽植株进行暂时萎蔫（土壤含水量为9%～11%）的水分胁迫处理,发现停水后普通品种叶片首先发生萎蔫,且株高、茎直径及叶面积下降的程度均高于抗旱品种。水分胁迫下,抗旱品种株高、茎直径和叶片面积均显著（P〈0.05）高于普通品种,其中茎直径和叶片面积达到极显著水平（P〈0.01）。在R4期暂时萎蔫的水分胁迫下,抗旱品种根的生物量和分枝的生物量显著（P〈0.05）高于普通品种。鼓粒期（R6）普通品种发生永久萎蔫、植株死亡,而抗旱品种仍能保持生长能力。研究结果表明,大豆种子48h发芽率可作为大豆品种抗旱性的鉴定和筛选方法,鼓粒期大豆对水分胁迫最敏感。     

吉林省不同年代育成大豆品种根瘤数量、鲜重和体积的变化

对吉林省1923年以来育成的20个主要栽培大豆品种不同生育期根瘤数量、根瘤鲜重和根瘤体积的变化进行了比较研究。结果表明,大豆根瘤数量、根瘤鲜重和根瘤体积在四叶期（V4）根瘤形成很少,品种间也无差异,盛花期（R2）最大,结荚期（R4）略有下降,鼓粒期（R6）期最低。R2期、R4期大豆根瘤数量、根瘤鲜重和根瘤体积与育成年代和产量呈正相关,其中R2期与育成年代和产量关系最为密切,R6期呈负相关,但不显著。现代品种根瘤数量、根瘤鲜重和根瘤体积在心期均呈下降变化,而老品种根瘤数量、根瘤鲜重和根瘤体积在R6期则表现增加的变化趋势。     

无定型氧化锰超级电容器电极材料

采用化学共沉淀法制备超级电容器用氧化锰电极材料,借助X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、红外光谱(FT-IR)和BET比表面积分析手段对样品进行表征。结果表明,产物为无定型结构,粒径分布较均匀,约在40～50nm,BET比表面积达到160．5m^2／g。在0．5mol／LK2SO4水溶液中,电位窗口为0～0．8V(vs.SCE)内,通过循环伏安和恒流充放电测试,显示该材料制备的电极具有良好的电容行为和功率特性。在扫描速度为4mV／s时,单电极的比容量达到140F／g。     

Effect of Ni-doping on electrochemical capacitance of MnO2 electrode materials

Mn/Ni composite oxides as active electrode materials for supercapacitors were prepared by solid-state reaction through the reduction of KMnO4 with manganese acetate and nickel acetate at low temperature. The products were characterized by X-ray diffractometry(XRD) and transmission electron microscopy(TEM). The electrochemical characterizations were performed by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and constant current charge-discharge in a three-electrode system. The effects of different potential windows, scan rates, and cycle numbers on the capacitance behavior of Mn0.8Ni0.2Ox composite oxide were also investigated. The results show that the composite oxides are of nano-size and amorphous structure. With increasing the molar ratio of Ni, the specific capacitance goes through a maximum at molar fraction of Ni of 20%. The specific capacitance of Mn0.8Ni0.2Ox composite oxide is 194.5 F/g at constant current discharge of 5 mA.     

Synthesis and electrochemical performance of TiO2-B as anode material

TiO₂-B was synthesized by solid-state reaction. The structures, surface morphologies and electrochemical performances of TiO₂-B were characterized by X-ray diffractometry (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and electrochemical measurement, respectively. The effects of calcining temperature, molar ratio of K₂O to TiO₂ and calcining time on the characteristics of TiO₂-B were investigated. The results show that the calcining time exerts a significant influence on the electrochemical performances of TiO₂-B. The TiO₂-B is obtained with good crystal structure and suitable size by using K₂Ti₄O₉, which is prepared at 950°C for 24 h under the condition of x(K₂O)/x(TiO₂)=1:3.5. The TiO₂-B delivers all initial discharge capacity of 231.6 mA·h/g. And the rate capacity is 73.2 mA·h/g at 1 675 mA/g, which suggests that TiO₂-B is a promising anode material for the lithium ion batteries.     

Structure characterization and electrochemical properties of new lithium salt LiODFB for electrolyte of lithium ion batteries

Lithium difluoro（axalato）borate （LiODFB） was synthesized in dimethyl carbonate （DMC） solvent and purified by the method of solventing-out crystallization. The structure characterization of the purified LiODFB was performed by Fourier transform infrared （FTIR） spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance （NMR） spectrometry. The electrochemical properties of the cells using 1 mol/L LiPF6 and 1 mol/L LiODFB in ethylene carbonate （EC）/DMC were investigated, respectively. The results indicate that LiODFB can be reduced at about 1.5 V and form a robust protective solid electrolyte interface （SEI） film on the graphite surface in the first cycle. The graphite/LiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2 cells with LiODFB-based electrolyte have very good capacity retention at 55 ℃, and show very good rate capability at 0.5C and 1C charge/discharge rate. Therefore, as a new salt, LiODFB is a most promising alternative lithium salt to replace LiPF6 for lithium ion battery electrolytes in the future.