带缺口的熔模铸造TiAl合金断裂特性的扫描电镜原位观察(英文)

采用感应凝壳熔炼技术和熔模铸造方法制备TiAl合金。在增量加载情况下,采用扫描电镜原位观察技术观察带缺口的熔模铸造TiAl合金试样的裂纹扩展和断裂特性。在拉伸变形的整个过程中,观察并分析裂纹萌生、扩展直至断裂的全过程。结果表明,TiAl合金的断裂机制不仅对于缺口区域附近的微裂纹敏感,而且与层片方向和加载轴的位向有关。当局部应力大于TiAl合金的断裂韧性时,高的拉伸应力就会导致裂纹萌生、扩展直至断裂失效。因此,TiAl合金的塑性和高的拉伸应力导致带缺口的TiAl合金的断裂失效。     

Microstructures and mechanical properties of TiAl alloy prepared by spark plasma sintering

A fine-grained TiAl alloy with a composition of Ti-47%Al(mole fraction) was prepared by double mechanical milling(DMM) and spark plasma sintering(SPS). The relationship among sintering temperature, microstructure and mechanical properties of Ti-47%Al alloy was studied by X-ray diffractometry(XRD), scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and mechanical testing. The results show that the morphology of double mechanical milling powder is regular with size of 20?40 μm. The main phase TiAl and few phases Ti₃Al and Ti₂Al were observed in the SPS bulk samples. For samples sintered at 1000 °C, the equiaxed crystal grain was achieved with size of 100?250 nm. The samples exhibited compressive and bending properties at room temperature with compressive strength of 2013 MPa, compression ratio of 4.6% and bending strength of 896 MPa. For samples sintered at 1100 °C, the size of equiaxed crystal grain was obviously increased. The SPS bulk samples exhibited uniform microstructures, with equiaxed TiAl phase and lamellar Ti₃Al phase were observed. The samples exhibited compressive and bending properties at room temperature with compressive strength of 1990 MPa, compression ratio of 6.0% and bending strength of 705 MPa. The micro-hardness of the SPS bulk samples sintered at 1000 °C is obviously higher than that of the samples sintered at 1100 °C. The compression fracture mode of the SPS TiAl alloy samples is intergranular fracture and the bending fracture mode of the SPS TiAl alloy samples is intergranular rupture and cleavage fracture.     

发动机用钛合金部件精密铸造工艺的研究

对发动机用钛合金部件精密铸造工艺进行了研究,主要研究了蜡模的制备;低反应活性氧化物陶瓷型壳的制备;Ti-Al-Zr合金组织与性能。结果显示氧化物陶瓷型壳的性能,Ti-Al-Zr合金的组织与性能都达到了预期要求。     

Constitution modeling and deformation behavior of yttrium bearing TiAl alloy

The deformation flow behaviors of Ti-45Al-5.4V-3.6Nb-0.3Y alloy at different temperatures and strain rates were studied by isothermal compressing simulation test.The apparent activation energy of deformation was calculated to be 402.096 kJ/mol and constitutive equation was established to describe the flow behavior.Microstructure and flow softening observations exhibited that Ti-45Al-5.4V3.6Nb-0.3Y alloy had bad hot workability at low temperature (lower than 1 100 oC) and high strain rate (higher than 0.5 s–...     

双步球磨与放电等离子烧结制备细晶TiAl合金

采用双步球磨法和放电等离子烧结(SPS)技术制备细晶Ti-47Al(at%)合金,利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)仪以及透射电子显微镜(TEM)等分析测试手段对球磨后的粉末形貌结构、相组成以及烧结块体的显微组织结构进行观察和分析。结果表明:双步球磨粉末的颗粒形状较规则,其颗粒尺寸在20~40μm之间,内部结构均匀,主要由TiAl和Ti3Al相组成。放电等离子烧结后的块体主要由主相TiAl和少量的Ti3Al相及Ti2Al相组成,随着烧结温度的升高,Ti3Al相含量有所增加。当烧结温度为1000℃时,烧结块体获得的主要是等轴晶组织,等轴晶粒尺寸大多数在100~250nm之间。当烧结温度为1100℃时,烧结块体致密、无孔洞,等轴晶粒有明显长大的现象,显微组织主要由等轴状的TiAl相和片层状的Ti3Al相组成。     

Ti-48Al-2Cr-2Nb-( TiB2, Ni)合金凝固组织演变规律及力学性能研究

TiAl合金已成为航空航天工程升级换代的关键材料,然而其铸态晶粒尺寸粗大,室温塑性和强度低,限制其进一步工程应用。本文采用真空感应凝壳熔炼工艺系制备铸锭,系统研究TiB2和Ni元素共同添加对Ti-48Al-2Cr-2Nb合金凝固组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明,TiB2及Ni合金化后,合金的凝固路径和初生相并未改变,晶粒尺寸从700μm细化至100μm,生成片状TiB2和富镍τ3相。T4822-( Ni, TiB2)合金的室温拉伸强度与基体合金相近,断裂伸长率提高30%。700-900℃时,T4822-(Ni, TiB2)合金的抗拉强度始终高于基体合金,在900℃时抗拉强度达到365MPa,较基体合金提高9%。800℃和900℃时T4822-(Ni, TiB2)合金的断裂伸长率分别达到25.3%和36.1%,远高于基体合金。晶粒尺寸的细化和晶界处的块状γ相是T4822-(Ni, TiB2)合金塑性提升的主要原因,其良好的高温强度则可以归因于片层团内部和界面处的硬质硼化物和富镍τ3相。     

β型γ-TiAl合金的制备及其反常屈服行为研究

β型γ-TiAl合金具有良好的高温变形能力,为TiAl合金的发展开辟了新的发展方向.采用水冷铜坩埚真空感应熔炼技术制备了β型γ-TiAl合金,即Ti-45Al-9(V,Nb,Y)合金,研究了该合金的铸态组织、相组成及力学性能.结果表明,Ti-45Al-9(V,Nb,Y)合金的铸态组织为近层片组织结构,主要由γ-TiAl相、α2-Ti3Al相及β(B2)相组成.室温条件下,该合金的屈服强度为393MPa,700℃时合金的屈服强度为562MPa,当测试温度升高到800℃时,合金的屈服强度为420MPa.该合金表现出了明显的反常屈服行为.     

Mo、Cr元素对牙科用钛合金显微组织和性能的影响

采用钨电极熔化、离心浇注工艺制备了Ti-Mo、Ti—Cr合金，分析并测试了Mo、Cr元素对钛合金的显微组织、力学性能和干态摩擦磨损性能的影响。研究结果表明，Ti—Mo合金由等轴的口晶粒组成，Mo含量增加时，等轴晶细化不明显。Ti—Cr合金由枝状的β晶粒组成，Cr含量增加，枝晶明显细化。Mo、Cr元素加入量相同时，Ti—Mo合金的维氏硬度值比Ti—Cr合金的高。压缩强度比Ti—Cr合金低，弹性模量相差不大，压缩率低于Ti—Cr合金。4种合金中，当Mo的质量分数为20％时，合金的稳定摩擦因数最小。两种Ti—Mo合金磨损表面的犁沟较深，而对于两种Ti—Cr合金，磨损表面的犁沟较浅，分布着大量的磨屑。     

Microstructure and interface reaction of investment casting TiAl alloys

In order to research the microstructure of TiAI alloy and TiAl-mould reaction between TiAI and ceramic mould shells prepared with the low cost binder in investment casting, the ceramic mould shells were prepared with low cost binder and refractory materials. Using two kinds of casting methods （gravity casting and centrifugal casting）, the titanium aluminum alloys with rare earth element （Ti-47.5Al-2Cr-2Nb-0.3Y and Ti-45Al-5Nb-0.3Y） were cast into the mould shells. The microstructures of investment casting titanium aluminum alloys were observed by optical microscope （OM）. The distributions of elements of topping investment on the surfaces of titanium aluminum alloys castings were analyzed by the means of electron probe micro-analysis （EPMA）, and the mechanical properties were studied. The results show that the microstructures of two kinds of titanium aluminum alloys are both lamella shape, and lamella is thin. The thickness of reaction and diffusing layer of Ti-47.5Al-2Cr-2Nb-0.3Y alloy is about 80 μm, and that of Ti-45Al-5Nb-0.3Y is less than 30 μm.     

不同SPS烧结温度Ti-45Al-5.5(Cr,Nb,B,Ta)合金的显微组织及力学性能(英文)

采用高能球磨和放电等离子烧结(SPS)技术,制备成分为Ti-45Al-5.5(Cr,Nb,B,Ta)的TiAl合金块体,随后对TiAl合金进行热处理。研究在不同SPS烧结温度下制备的TiAl合金经过热处理后的显微组织和力学性能。结果表明:高能球磨后的合金粉末形状不规则,粉末颗粒尺寸大约为几十微米。XRD分析表明,机械球磨后的粉末由TiAl和Ti3Al两相组成;烧结后的Ti-45Al-5.5(Cr,Nb,B,Ta)合金块体主要是TiAl相,以及少量的Ti3Al和TiB2相。当烧结温度为900°C和1000°C时,合金的显微组织为双相结构,并伴随有一些细小的等轴γ晶粒和细小的针状TiB2相。当烧结温度从900°C上升到1000°C时,Ti-45Al-5.5(Cr,Nb,B,Ta)合金的显微硬度变化不大,抗压强度从1812MPa提高到2275MPa,压缩率从22.66%增加到25.59%,合金的断裂方式为穿晶断裂。