Cold cracking susceptibility of X100 pipeline steel

The y-groove Tekken test has been performed to evaluate the cold cracking susceptibility of X100 pipeline steel. The impact of preheating state on the microstructure, distribution of hardness, and the stress-strain state in the welded joint was analyzed. The results show that X100 pipeline steel reveals a low susceptibility to cold cracking with cracking ratios below 20%. It is found that elevated preheating temperature leads to longer cooling time in the welded specimen and ultimately results in a lower cold cracking susceptibility. Preheating temperatures of up to 100 ℃ are favorable in decreasing the cold cracking susceptibility due to a relative fine microstructure and low M-A constituent amount in coarse grained heat affected zone, a low hardenability, and low-level residual stress and strain. However, excessive preheating temperatures of 150 ℃ and 200 ℃ lead to grain coarsening, higher M-A constituent amount, higher residual stress level and increasing strain level in the Tekken specimens. Preheating temperature above 150 ℃ is not favorable for decreasing the cold cracking susceptibility of X100 steel.     

能量配比对激光-MIG复合焊接头残余应力的影响

采用不同激光/电弧能量配比(QRLA)对8 mm厚Q345钢板进行激光-MIG(metal inert gas,MIG)复合焊接,研究了QRLA对复合焊接头的截面形貌和显微组织的影响,并分析了不同QRLA下焊接过程的温度场和接头残余应力分布的变化规律.结果表明,随着QRLA增大,熔宽显著下降,焊接过程的最高温度略有升高...     

9%Ni钢斜Y形坡口裂纹试验的数值模拟

利用 SYSWELD 有限元计算软件,采用双椭球焊接热源模型,对 9%Ni 钢斜 Y 形坡口裂纹试验中不同预热温度下的试件进行了焊接温度场和应力场的数值模拟.研究了试件的焊接温度场和应力场的分布规律,分析了预热温度对焊接热过程和焊后残余应力的影响.结果表明,提高预热温度时,一方面焊后冷却速度降低,有利于氢的逸出和马氏体的自回火作用;另一方面,横向残余应力水平增加,试件总体应力水平增加,冷裂纹敏感性增加.因此,焊接 9%Ni 钢时,不宜采用过高的预热温度.

Abstract：

With SYSWELD software, the temperature and stress field of 9% Ni steel Y-slit weldments with different preheat temperatures were simulated by applying double-ellipsoid heat source. Distribution laws of welding temperature and stress field were studied. Effects of preheat temperature on welding heat cycles and residual stress were analyzed. Results show that with increasing preheat temperature, cooling rate decreases facilitates escaping of hydrogen and self-tempering of martensite, the average stress level and cold-cracking susceptibility of the weldments increase, so high preheat temperature shall be avoided for 9% Ni steel welding.     

金属磁记忆(MMM)检测方法

工程中常采用无损检测的方法检测设备与构件中的缺陷,但传统的NDT检测方法却无法对金属进行早期诊断。金属磁记忆(MMM)技术可准确探测出被测对象上以应力集中区为特征的危险部件和部位,是迄今为止对金属部件进行早期诊断惟一行之有效的NDT方法。本文综述金属磁记忆方法的基本检测原理、主要诊断设备、目前国内外研究现状以及该项技术的发展前景。     

X80高Nb管线钢组织与性能分析

总结回顾了X80高Nb管线钢的研究和发展,对其冶金设计、化学成分、显微组织结构、各项力学性能以及应力腐蚀行为、焊接性等进行了分析,并讨论了X80高Nb管线钢在应用中需要进一步研究的几个技术问题。通过低C高Nb合金化设计,可获得细小的针状铁素体组织,保证材料成分的同时具有很高的强度和良好的韧性。高温轧制技术(high temperature processing,HTP)的采用,不仅满足X80管线钢的技术条件要求,而且可以显著降低生产成本,有利于实现石油天然气更加高效经济的输送。     

Variation regularity of metal magnetic memory signals with inspecting time-interval and location

Influences of inspecting time-interval and location on varying behavior of metal magnetic memory （MMM） signals of defects were studied. Different areas in two precracked weldments were inspected at different time-intervals by type TSC-1M-4 stress-concentration magnetic inspector to obtain MMM signals. Mechanisms of MMM signals varying behavior with inspecting time and space were analyzed and discussed respectively. It is found that MMM signals don＇t change with inspecting time-interval, since stress field and magnetic leakage field maintain unchanged at any time after welding. On the other hand, MMM signals differ greatly for different inspecting locations, because stress field and magnetic leakage field are unevenly distributed in defective ferromagnetic materials.     

S355钢激光-MIG复合焊接头显微组织和残余应力

采用激光-MIG(metal inert gas welding, MIG)复合焊接方法对12 mm厚S355钢板进行焊接,分析了9 kW激光功率下复合焊接头显微组织和硬度分布规律. 建立了适合低合金高强钢激光-MIG复合焊接的双椭球 + 三维锥体复合热源模型来描述复合热源的能量分布,采用SYSWELD软件计算了1.0,1.5,2.0 m/min三种焊接速度下激光-MIG复合焊的温度场和接头的残余应力,分析了焊接速度对焊接过程的温度场和残余应力分布的影响. 结果表明,三种焊接速度下粗晶热影响区(coarse grained heat affected zone, CGHAZ)的组织为马氏体,接头的硬度水平较高,最高硬度均在350 HV以上. 焊接速度增加,熔池最高温度下降,焊后冷却速度增加. 等效残余应力水平较高,HAZ位置出现了应力集中;随着焊接速度增加,等效残余应力、纵向残余应力、横向残余应力和厚度方向的残余应力峰值均上升;但焊接速度从1.5 m/min增加到2.0 m/min时,各应力分量的拉应力峰值上升较少,而压应力峰值显著上升.     

9Ni钢焊接温度场的数值模拟

采用SYSWELD有限元计算软件,时9Ni钢多道多层焊的焊接温度场进行了数值模拟,并实现了焊接材料逐步填充的模拟,计算结果与试验结果非常一致.利用一次回归正交试验,研究焊接热输入和层间温度对焊接热影响区的热循环的影响.结果表明,焊后冷却时间t8/3和高温停留时间tH随着焊接热输入和层间温度的增加而增大.焊接热输入对t8/3和tH的影响较为显著,根据焊接生产实际条件,应采用小的焊接热输入.     

X90管线钢焊接接头氢致开裂敏感性研究

X90管线钢在石油天然气管道中具有广泛应用前景,其焊接接头在服役过程中存在氢致开裂(Hydrogen induced cracking,HIC)倾向。采用电化学氢渗透试验和预充氢慢应变速率拉伸试验(Slow strain rate tensile test,SSRT),对X90管线钢焊接接头的氢捕获效率和氢致开裂敏感性进行了研究。利用场发射扫描电子显微镜(Field emission scanning electronic microscope,FE-SEM)对试样断口形貌及裂纹处夹杂物进行观察和分析,采用氢微印技术(Hydrogen microprint technique,HMT)对显微组织中氢的局部分布和聚集进行分析。结果表明,不同充氢电流密度下,X90管线钢焊接接头SSRT试样的断裂位置均为焊缝,其氢致开裂敏感性明显高于母材。与X90管线钢母材相比,焊缝中氢扩散系数较小,氢浓度、可逆和不可逆氢陷阱密度均较高。焊缝中的针状铁素体、贝氏体组织晶界及其亚晶界和夹杂均是有效的氢捕获陷阱,具有较高的氢捕获效率;焊缝中尺寸大于2μm夹杂物的数量多于母材,氢致裂纹易在富Al、富S、富Si夹杂...     

X80管线钢水下湿法多道焊残余应力分析

采用不同焊接电流对X80管线钢板进行水下湿法焊接,同时利用175 A电流下陆地焊接试验进行对比,获得了焊接电流对水下湿法焊接接头的显微组织、硬度分布、温度场和残余应力分布的影响规律.结果表明,相同的电流条件下,水下焊接接头的显微组织类型和构成与陆上焊接接头不同,焊缝的显微组织主要为先共析铁素体、粒状贝氏体、条状贝氏体和针状铁素体,粗晶热影响区的显微组织主要为条状贝氏体和少量粒状贝氏体;水下湿法焊接接头比陆地焊接接头具有更高的硬度、冷却速度和残余应力水平.水下湿法焊接接头具有较高的残余应力水平,175～205 A范围内,随着焊接电流增加,焊缝中侧板条铁素体和针状铁素体数量有所增加,焊接接头最高硬度、等效残余应力峰值和纵向残余应力峰值略有下降.