1996～2001年内科、外科、ICU和门诊患者分离的金黄色葡萄球菌耐药性分析

目的 通过对1996～2001年60家三级甲等医院不同科别住院患者和门诊患者分离的金黄色葡萄球菌的耐药性分析，探讨不同科别来源菌株耐药率间的差别及变迁。方法 药敏试验采用纸片扩散法，用WHONET5软件分析结果。结果 6年间内科住院患者分离的金黄色葡萄球菌对苯唑陛西林的耐药率维持在40％；磺胺甲恶唑／甲氧苄啶(SMZ／TMP)和氯霉素的耐药率从1998年的51．4％和39．6％降低到2001年的36．2％和23．6％。外科住院患者分离菌株对苯唑西林的耐药率从1996年的26．3％增加到2001年的45．9％；庆大霉素和环丙沙星耐药率从1996年的24．6％和17．5％增到2001年的43．5％和43．1％。ICU患者分离的大多数菌株对苯唑西林和环丙沙星耐药。门诊患者分离菌株对苯唑西林的耐药率从1996年的17．2％增加到2001年的24．9％；环丙沙星的耐药率超过30％；SMZ/TMP的耐药率从1998年的61％降低到2001年的38．3％。结论 调查不同科别住院患者和门诊患者来源的金黄色葡萄球菌对常用抗生素耐药性的变迁和现状，对于临床抗感染治疗的经验用药具有一定的指导意义。     

中性粒细胞对红霉素内在化的特殊意义

为了解红霉素被中性粒细胞(PMN)内在化浓聚的规律及其后续意义。采用体外PMN与红霉素共孵育的方法，检测共孵育过程中及刺激活化后细胞内外红霉素浓度比的时相动力学改变。免疫荧光法检测PMN浓聚红霉素后细胞膜表面炎性表征膜结合弹力酶的基础水平及刺激活化后的改变。检测下呼吸道感染大鼠循环注入浓聚红霉素的PMN后，支气管肺胞灌洗液中红霉素浓度与正常大鼠的差异。结果显示，PMN可迅速浓聚红霉素，60min细胞内／外浓度比达高峰16／1，而此时膜表面弹力酶水平则明显下降。刺激活化浓聚红霉素的PMN，可导致细胞内／外浓度比下降，而此时膜表面弹力酶表达上升，但上升幅度低于正常PMN。接受浓聚红霉素PMN注射的下呼吸道感染大鼠，其气道中红霉素浓度明显高于正常大鼠。研究结果提示红霉素可在PMN中迅速浓聚，这种浓聚可导致PMN基础活化水平的降低以及刺激活化反应的抑制。刺激活化可导致浓聚红霉素的部分释放，此特性有助于浓聚于PMN的红霉素向感染部位的定向释放。     

分泌性中耳炎豚鼠的咽鼓管表面活性物质变化

目的　观察豚鼠分泌性中耳炎时咽鼓管内表面活性物质的变化 ,探讨表面活性物质在分泌性中耳炎发病中的作用。方法　建立豚鼠分泌性中耳炎动物模型 ,分析咽鼓管内表面活性物质的生化成分和活性变化 ,同时观察给外源性表面活性物质治疗后咽鼓管内表面活性物质的变化。结果　豚鼠分泌性中耳炎模型组表面活性物质主要成分减少 ,磷脂酰胆碱 (phosphatidylcholine ,PC)和磷脂酰乙醇胺 (phosphatidylethanolamine ,PE)分别是 (19 9± 1 7) %和 (36 8± 2 7) % ,而正常组的PC和PE分别是 (2 5 7± 2 1) %和 (43 7± 3 8) % ,P值均 <0 0 0 1。模型组最低表面张力 (minimumsurfacetension ,γmin)为 (18 5± 2 4 )mN/m ,比正常组 (7 6± 0 8)mN/m升高 ,P <0 0 0l。给外源性表面活性物质治疗后 ,PC和PE增高 ,分别为 (2 3 3± 2 2 ) %和 (42 5± 3 6 ) % ,γmin降低 ,为 (11 8± 2 3)mN/m。结论　豚鼠分泌性中耳炎时咽鼓管内表面活性物质的主要生化成分明显减少 ,活性减弱 ,给外源性表面活性物质治疗后明显改善     

老年性痴呆患者的听觉损害

目的　确定老年性痴呆患者 (seniledementiaoftheAlzheimer′sdisease ,AD)有无周围性听功能障碍及其与认知障碍的关系。方法　利用纯音测听、言语识别率、声导抗、听觉脑干反应检测AD患者 43例 ,健康老年人 50例 ,评定受试者测听可信度 ,统计测试结果 ,并将上述结果同受试者简易精神状态量表 (mini mentalscaleofequastionnaire ,MMSE)得分进行对照分析 ,寻找二者之间的关系。结果　受试者两耳间周围听力差异无显著性 ,以右耳听力结果 ( x±s)进行统计。AD组纯音听阈为 (2 6 3± 8 5)dBHL和 (2 9 1± 8 7)dBHL ,言语识别率为 (85 5± 5 5) % ;对照组纯音听阈为 (2 3 2± 1 0 6)dBHL和 (2 6 2± 1 1 8)dBHL ,言语识别率为 (87 6± 6 8) %。虽然AD组周围听功能检查结果低于对照组 ,但无统计学意义 (P >0 0 5)。测听可信度、声导抗和ABR阈值两组间差异无显著性 (P >0 0 5)。结论　老年性痴呆患者纯音听阈和言语识别率与老年聋相似 ,其周围听功能障碍与MMSE认知量表得分无关。     

Modulation of Isoflavones on Bone—nodule Formation in Rat Calvaria Osteoblasts in vitro

Objective:to observe the effects of two main isoflavones,daidzein and genistein on the bone-nodule formation in rat calvaria osteoblasts in vitro.Methods:Osteoblasts obtained from newborn Sprague-dawley rat calvarias were cultured for several generations.The second generation cells were cultured in Minimum Essential Medium supplemenmted with ascorbic acid and Na-beta-glycerophosphate for several days,in the presence of daidzein and genistein,with or without the estrogen receptor antagonist ICI 182780.Number of nodules was counted at the end of the incubation period(day 20) by staining with Alizarin Red S calcium stain.The release of osteocalcin,as a marker of osteoblast activity,was also determined on day 7 and 12 during the incubation period.Results:compared with the control,the numbers of nodules were both increased by incubation with daidzin and genistein,17β-estradiol was used as a positive control and proved to be a more effective inducer of the increase in bone-nodules formation than daidzein and genisterin.The release of osteocalcin into culture media was also increased in the presence of daidzein and genistein,as well as 17β-estradiol on day 7 and day 12(day 12 were higher).The estrogen receptor antagonist ICI 182780 completely blocked the genistein-and 17β0estradiol-induced increase of nodule numbers and osteocalcin release in osteoblasts.Howerver,the effects induced by daidzein could not be inhibited by ICI 182780.Conclusion:These findings suggest that geinistein can stimulate bone-nodule formation and increase the release of osteocalcin in rat osteoblasts.The effects,like those induced by 17β-estradiol,are mediated by the estrogen receptor dependent pathway,Daidzin also can stimulate bone-nodule formation and increase the release of osteocalcin in rat osteoblasts,but it is not,at least not merely,mediated by the estrogen receptor dependent pathway.     

Anticancer Drug Resistance of HeLa Cells Transfected With Rat Glutathione S-transferase pi Gene

Objective To establish a cytologic expressing system of rat glutathione S-transferase pi (GST-pi) cDNA for detecting the resistance of HeLa cells to anticancer drugs. Methods The assessment was made with various anticancer drugs (adriamycin, mitomycin, cisplatinum and vincristine) that showed different cytotoxicities in transfectant HeLa cells with pSV-GT containing rat GST-pi cDNA (HeLa/pSV-GT) or control pSV-neo (HeLa/pSV-neo). Expression levels of GST-pi mRNA in HeLa/pSV-GT and HeLa/pSV-neo were measured by in situ hybridization using Digoxin-labelled cDNA probe. Results HeLa/pSV-GT expressed significantly high degree of GST-pi mRNA, whereas both HeLa/pSV-neo and HeLa cells had very low expression. Cytotoxicities of HeLa/pSV-GT and HeLa/pSV-neo with 4 anticancer drugs were measured by MTT assay. Drug concentrations for yielding 50% inhibition (IC50) in HeLa/pSV-GT by adriamycin, mitomycin and cisplatinum were 70.13μg/mL, 10.95μg/mL and 16.52μg/mE respectively. In contrast, IC50 in HeLa/pSV-neo was 10.34μg/mL, 7.48μg/mL and 13.70μg/mE respectively. The cytotoxicities of vincristine on both HeLa/pSV-GT and HeLa/pSV-neo were not significantly different. Conclusions Our findings suggest that HeLa/pSV-GT containing rat GST-pi cDNA is resistant to some anticancer drugs due to overexpression of GST-pi. Also, HeLa/pSV-GT cell line could serve as a useful cytogenetic model for further research.     

TNP-470与干扰素联合应用抑制膀胱移行细胞癌生长

目的　观察血管生成抑制剂TNP 4 70与α IFN干扰素 (α IFN)联合应用对裸鼠模型中膀胱移行细胞癌的抑制作用。方法　将 2 5 3J BV膀胱移行细胞癌株 2 0× 10 6个细胞 / 0 2ml注射于裸鼠膀胱壁内形成膀胱癌动物模型 ,第 3天起分别给予TNP 4 70 ( 4 0mg·kg 1·0 2ml 1隔日皮下注射 )、α IFN(每天 1 0× 10 5U/只皮下注射 )、TNP 4 70 ( 4 0mg·kg 1·0 2ml 1隔日皮下注射 ) +α IFN(每天 1 0× 10 5U/只皮下注射 ) ,第 31天处死裸鼠 ,解剖膀胱肿瘤并称重 ,对肿瘤标本进行微血管密度检测。结果　TNP 4 70 +α IFN联合用药组膀胱肿瘤重量、微血管密度计数均明显减少 ,与单独用药组比较差异有显著性意义 (P <0 0 1)。结论　TNP 4 70 +α IFN联合用药与单独应用TNP 4 70或α IFN相比 ,能更明显地抑制膀胱移行细胞癌血管生成 ,其抑制肿瘤生长的效果也更显著     

老年人非酒精性脂肪性肝病与血脂血糖水平及体重指数的关系

目的探讨老年人非酒精性脂肪性肝病(NAFLD)与血脂血糖水平、体重指数等指标的关系。方法298例老年人按非酒精性脂肪性肝病诊断标准分为脂肪肝组(114例)和非脂肪肝组(184例),观察临床表现,检测血脂、血糖、体重指数、肝功能等指标并进行分析。结果脂肪肝组血脂、血糖水平、体重指数明显增高,和非脂肪肝组比较差异有显著性(P相似文献   

分光光度法测定复方芦荟醇溶液中替硝唑和氯霉素的含量

目的：对复方芦荟醇溶液的制备及替硝唑和氯霉素含量测定进行研究。方法：选择替硝唑和氯霉素组方，采用差示-单波长分光光度法，在277nm和319nm波长处检测。结果：平均回收率分别在99．29％(RSD=0．32％)和99．48%(RSD=0．46％)。结论：检测方法简便，结果准确，适用于该制剂的质量控制。     

特异性鲎试剂分析甘露聚糖肽氯化钠注射液的细菌内毒素

目的　考察甘露聚糖肽氯化钠注射液进行细菌内毒素检查的可行性。方法　应用普通鲎试剂及特异性鲎试剂对样品进行内毒素的定性及定量检查。结果　甘露聚糖肽氯化钠注射液经 6倍稀释后对普通鲎试剂的细菌内毒素检查有明显的干扰作用 ,而对特异性鲎试剂无干扰作用 ;以特异性鲎试剂检查 6批样品其细菌内毒素含量均小于 15 0 0EU·L-1,凝胶法和动态浊度法鲎试验均证实了这一点。结论　必须应用特异性鲎试剂检查甘露聚糖肽氯化钠注射液中的细菌内毒素以排除其干扰作用