腹部按摩与穴位按压治疗肝病患者便秘的效果观察

目的:观察腹部按摩与穴位按压治疗肝病患者便秘的效果。方法:选择住院的肝病患者75例,随机分为实验组38例和对照组37例。结果:两组均未出现无效病例。两组效果比较,差别无统计学意义。结论:使用腹部按摩与穴位按压的方法治疗便秘,方法简便易行,无副作用,效果与灌肠法相比差异无显著性。通过训练,还可教会患者自我施行,使患者在住院期间掌握一种自我保健的方法。     

Acceptance and utilization of HIV testing among the youth: a cross-sectional study in Techiman,Ghana

BackgroundIn Ghana, efforts including ‘Know Your Status’ campaign have been made to increase awareness and improve the uptake of HIV screening.ObjectiveThis study examined the acceptance and utilization of the HIV/AIDS ‘Know Your Status’ campaign and determine dthe differences in HIV testing by demographic characteristics among the youth in Techiman, Ghana.MethodThis study was a cross-sectional study conducted among the youth aged 15–24 years. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data from 200 purposively selected respondents.ResultsThe mean age of the respondents was 19.6±2.72 years. There was a universal awareness (100%) of HIV/AIDs, and were knowledgeable about the mode of transmission, symptoms and the prevention of HIV. A high proportion of the respondents (n=161, 80.5%) had heard about the ‘Know Your Status’ (KYS) campaign. Less than half of respondents (n=91, 45.5%) had tested for HIV, and only 16.5% (n=15/91) of respondents tested through the KYS campaign. Testing for HIV was associated with age (p<0.001) and marital status (p<0.001).ConclusionThe youth should therefore be targeted in the awareness and the ‘Know Your Status campaigns’, and in an effortsto promote screening for HIV.     

Trends in pemphigus research over 15 years

Background Although pemphigus is a rare autoimmune blistering disease, it attracts the attention of physicians of many disciplines. Objective This study aims to assess the number of articles on pemphigus that have been published over 15 years in dermatology vs. non‐dermatology medical journals, and to evaluate the quality of available evidence. Methods PubMed was searched for articles on pemphigus published between 1 January 1993 to 31 December 2007 using the search word pemphigus. Articles were characterized by publication type and journal type per year. Regression analysis was used to determine the effect of year of publication on number of publications of each type. Results The search yielded 2032 publications on pemphigus during the evaluation period. Sixty‐one per cent were published in dermatology journals. Overall, the number of publications increased linearly with time. Most of this increase was accounted for by publications in non‐dermatology journals. There was an increase in clinical trials over the course of the study period. The number of certain publications with lower quality of evidence, mainly case reports and letters to the editor, increased significantly in the last few years. There was no increase in publications with high quality of evidence. Conclusions The increase on data from non‐dermatology disciplines is a welcome contribution. Nevertheless, high‐quality evidence on pemphigus is still lacking. We trust that the current trend towards evidence‐based dermatology will impact future research on this severe disease.     

谷氨酰胺、精氨酸强化的全胃肠外营养对结直肠癌术后患者免疫功能的影响

 目的 探讨应用谷氨酰胺、精氨酸强化的TPN对结直肠癌术后患者免疫功能的影响。方法 按照手术方式配对将2005年8月～2006年8月间结直肠癌病例分为实验组和对照组，每组各24例。自术后第1天至术后第7天，实验组应用谷氨酰胺（Gln）、精氨酸（Arg）强化的TPN，对照组应用常规TPN，所有病例均于术前及术后第4天、第8天检测体液免疫指标（IgA、IgG、IgM）和细胞免疫指标（CDL3、CI）4、CD8、CD4／CD8）。结果 与术前比较，两组体液免疫及细胞免疫指标术后第4天降低，术后第8天均有所恢复。实验组术后第8天IgA、IgG、CD3、CD4、CD4／CD8值均升高，与对照组比较，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论 谷氨酰胺和精氨酸强化的TPN能有效促进结直肠癌患者术后免疫功能的恢复。     

青蒿琥酯对类风湿关节炎滑膜细胞TNF-α分泌的抑制作用及其机制研究

目的研究青蒿素衍生物青蒿琥酯对类风湿关节炎(RA)滑膜细胞(FLS)分泌肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)-α的影响,并进一步探讨其机制。方法来自活动性RA患者的FLS用脂多糖(LPS)刺激和青蒿琥酯处理,TNF-α水平用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)测定,核因子(NF)-κB活性检测采用电泳迁移率改变试验(EMSA)。结果青蒿琥酯显著抑制LPS诱导的TNF-α分泌,并且呈剂量依赖性。青蒿琥酯对LPS刺激的NF-κB活化有明显抑制作用,NF-κB抑制剂二硫代氨基吡咯烷(PDTC)亦显著抑制LPS刺激的滑膜细胞分泌TNF-α。结论青蒿琥酯通过调节NF-κB活性抑制LPS诱导的RA滑膜细胞分泌TNF-α,提示青蒿琥酯可能具有抑制RA滑膜炎症的作用。     

心电图正常的急性肾功能衰竭患者心肌酶的意义

目的:探讨血清心肌酶在心电图(ECG)正常的急性肾功能衰竭(ARF)患者中的意义。方法:选择ECG正常的ARF患者及正常健康成人各30例,测定其血清心肌酶．比较ARF患者及正常健康人血清心肌酶。结果:ARF组血清CK、LDH活性均高于对照组(P＜0．01)。结论:ARF患者当ECG正常时血清心肌酶已经升高,血清心肌酶的测定能早期发现ARF时的心肌损害。     

牛大力的化学成分研究

目的 研究牛大力Millettia speciosa的化学成分.方法 应用多种色谱技术对牛大力进行分离纯化,并通过光谱方法鉴定化合物的结构. 结果从牛大力乙醇提取物的醋酸乙酯部位中分离得到13个化合物,分别鉴定为(-)-高丽槐素(Ⅰ)、芒柄花素(Ⅱ)、3,4,2',4'-四羟基查尔酮(Ⅲ)、圆齿火棘酸(pyracrenic acid,Ⅳ)、(-)-丁香脂素(Ⅴ)、dihydrodehydrodiconiferyl alcohol(Ⅵ)、5-羟甲基糠醛(Ⅶ)、α-甲氧基-2,5-呋喃二甲醇(Ⅷ)、2,5-二羟基苯甲酸(Ⅸ)、豆甾醇(Ⅹ)、豆甾醇-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(Ⅺ)、β-谷甾醇(Ⅻ)及胡萝卜苷(ⅩⅢ).结论 化合物Ⅱ～ⅩⅢ均为首次从该植物中分离得到.     

武汉市室内装修后甲醛浓度动态变化规律研究

目的 了解武汉市新装修居室空气中甲醛的污染情况及其动态变化规律和室内装修装饰材料的构成.方法 于2005年4月,选择武汉市新装修的66户住户,连续6个月监测室内空气中的甲醛浓度,同时对室内装饰材料的构成做相关调查.结果 武汉市新装修居室空气中甲醛浓度在第4次监测(7月)时达到峰值,其平均浓度为0.272 mg/m,超过国家卫生标准(0.1 mg/m3)1.72倍,此后甲醛浓度随时间的延长而逐渐降低.6个月后,仍有近30%的住户室内空气甲醛浓度超标.人造板材占家具和门窗、墙面等装修材料构成的81.48%,成为室内空气甲醛污染的主要来源.结论 新装修居室空气中甲醛浓度的降低是一个长期缓慢的过程.大量使用易挥发甲醛的装饰材料(人造板材)造成新装修居室空气中甲醛污染严重.     

血液灌流对尿毒症透析患者血浆内皮素、一氧化氮、血管紧张素Ⅱ、肾素活性的影响及临床改善

目的探讨血液灌流对血管活性物质的影响及临床改善。方法选30例维持性血液透析患者，采用自身对照法，行血液透析（HD）串联血液灌流（HP）治疗设为HD＋HP组，行常规血透设为HD组。分别测定两种治疗前后的血浆内皮素（ET）、一氧化氮（NO）、血管紧张素Ⅱ（ATⅡ）、肾素活性（PRA）水平。观察灌流后患者高血压改善情况。结果1）HD＋HP组治疗后PRA升高（P〈0．05）；ET、NO均显著下降（P〈0．01）；ATⅡ稍有下降，但无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。2）HD组治疗后PRA、ATⅡ均显著升高（P〈0．01）；而NO显著下降（P〈0．01）；ET略微下降，但无显著差异（P〉0．05）。结论常规血透可以引起PRA、ATⅡ缩血管物质的水平升高，起扩张血管作用的NO下降，与患者透析后血压升高有一定联系。而行HD＋HP治疗可降低ET、ATⅡ水平，且NO下降程度相对小，故能改善透析后高血压情况，减少并发症。     

我国基本药物生产流通使用中存在问题和成因分析

描述我国药品生产、流通和使用等各个环节中存在的问题，从政策层面上揭示了基本药物可获得性低的原因，提出政府应系统考虑基本药物目录范围、基本药物生产、供应、使用和价格等各个方面，形成国家基本药物政策，从制度上确保公众对基本药物的可获得性。