天麻素对缺血再灌注神经细胞膜的保护作用

用新生Wistar大鼠大脑皮层进行神经细胞培养 ,将培养 8d的神经细胞置于模拟“缺血”状态下 ,5h后神经细胞发生肿胀 ,胞内乳酸脱氢酶 (LDH)漏出增加 ,膜流动性下降、脂质过氧化(LPO)含量增加 ;将经过“缺血”损伤神经细胞置 1 8h模拟“再灌注” ,“再灌注”后细胞数目明显减少 ,LDH的漏出、膜流动性下降和LPO增加继续加重 ,说明细胞损伤进一步加重。经过天麻素孵育后的神经细胞“缺血”或“再灌注”后LDH的漏出及LPO含量明显低于损伤组 ,而膜流动性则明显高于损伤组。表明 :天麻素对体外培养神经细胞的缺血再灌注损伤有保护作用     

Effects of Diazepam,Phenobarbital,Propranolol,and Cimetidine on Diazepam Oxidizing Isoenzymes in Rat Liver Microsomes

研究地西泮、苯巴比妥、普萘洛尔和西咪替丁对地西泮氧化代谢的影响及其药酶蛋白的初步分析，应用ＨＰＬＣ，ＳＤＳ聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳和薄层扫描测定地西泮及其代谢物，并对大鼠肝微粒体和酶蛋白进行分离和含量测定。结果表明地西泮、普萘洛尔和西咪替丁使肝微粒体中Ｐ４５０含量明显降低。地西泮和普萘洛尔明显抑制地西泮Ｃ３羟化活性，大剂量普萘洛尔尚能抑制地西泮Ｎ脱甲基。苯巴比妥明显诱导Ｐ４５０生成，增强地西泮Ｎ脱甲基和Ｃ３羟化酶活性及分子量为５１，０００和５９，０００的电泳蛋白带，而地西泮、普萘洛尔则呈抑制作用。并发现，地西泮Ｎ脱甲基酶活性和分子量为５９，０００蛋白含量呈线性相关（Ｐ＜０．０５），而Ｃ３羟化酶活性则与５１，０００蛋白含量呈线性相关（Ｐ＜０．０１）。因此地西泮Ｃ３羟化代谢可能与５１，０００的Ｐ４５０酶蛋白有关，而Ｎ脱甲基代谢则可能与５９，０００的Ｐ４５０酶蛋白有关。     

Analgesic activity and release of [MET5]enkephalin-Arg6-Gly7-Leu8 from rat spinal cord in vivo

Rat spinal cord contains the opioid peptide including [Met5]enkephalin-Arg6-Gly7-Leu8 (YGGFMRGL) and a higher molecular weight (HMW) immunoreactive peptide which is an N-terminal extended molecular form of YGGFMRGL. Since a high proportion of tissue immunoreactivity resides in the HMW component we have determined whether this form is released during perfusion of the spinal cord subarachnoid space in vivo while (1) electrically stimulating the sciatic nerves bilaterally or (2) superfusing with substance P. We have found that YGGFMRGL and the HMW immunoreactivity are released by both types of stimuli. The HMW material appeared to be the more stable of the two species of immunoreactivity; its presence in the superfusate was more consistently observed than that of YGGFMRGL itself. Injection of YGGFMRGL into the spinal subarachnoid space in chronically catheterized rats produced a suppression of the tail-flick response. This effect of YGGFMRGL was reversed by naloxone suggesting an action mediated by spinal opiate receptors. These data suggest that YGGFMRGL plays an integral role in the neurotransmission process between spinal neurons storing enkephalin and other neurons. The possibility that enkephalin-mediated neurotransmission includes multiple chemical signals can be entertained.     

小儿腭裂修复术后麻醉恢复期的观察与护理

腭裂是口腔颌面外科常见的先天畸形，手术修复是唯一有效的治疗方法，术后护理直接关系到手术的成功与否，特别是全身麻醉恢复期，患儿易出现各种意外，故应加强护理，采取有效预防措施，以确保麻醉恢复期平稳度过，保证手术成功。我科2001年3月-2006年4月收治腭裂患儿396例，全部安全度过麻醉恢复期。现将护理体会总结如下。     

Synthesis and cholinergic properties of bis[[(dimethylamino)methyl]furanyl] analogues of ranitidine.

The histaminergic H2 antagonist, ranitidine, has also been found to significantly inhibit acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in vitro. In an effort to develop novel, nonquaternary AChE inhibitors capable of penetrating into the CNS and alleviating the cholinergic deficit characteristic of Alzheimer's disease, a series of bis[[(dimethylamino)methyl]furanyl] analogues of ranitidine has been synthesized. All compounds were evaluated for human erythrocyte AChE inhibitory activity and compared to ranitidine, physostigmine, and tetrahydro-9-aminoacridine (THA). The most active AChE inhibitors were N,N'-disubstituted derivatives of 2-nitro-1,1-ethenediamine and 4,6-dinitro-1,3-benzenediamine, with compound 8 demonstrating activity greater than physostigmine. Deletion of the diaminonitroethene group in a series of alkyl and aryl bis-thioethers, yielded a number of slightly less active compounds, comparable in potency to THA. The 13 most active AChE inhibitors all demonstrated a more selective inhibition of AChE, as opposed to butyrylcholinesterase inhibition, than did THA. Compounds 3 and 22 were equally active to THA in potentiating rat ileal contractions. Binding studies demonstrated M1 and M2 cholinergic receptor affinities slightly greater than or equal to THA. Differential receptor binding studies showed compound 12 resembled THA in agonist/antagonist activity. Compounds 11-13 significantly elevated mouse brain acetylcholine levels, when administered at 80% of their approximate lethal doses, but were less active than THA or physostigmine.     

血中原卟啉一级标准物质的研制及其应用

血中原卟啉（EP）是一项评价铅接触人群健康危险度的生物监测指标，也是筛查缺铁性贫血的敏感和特异性指标。为了保证EP测定的准确度，控制分析误差，在分析中应用血EP的标准物质进行质量控制是很有必要的。根据国家计量局颁布的国家一级标准物质技术规范要求，进行了EP冻干血标准物质的研制工作。收集新鲜牛血，加入EP标准，混匀后分装，冷冻干燥，密封后辐射灭菌，低温避光保存。对样品的均匀性及稳定性进行了检验，结果符合国家一级标准物质的规定。并按照国家一级标准物质的要求，组织了9个实验室，使用灵敏、准确的方法进行定值，取得了准确的特性量值。该标准物质经过国内有关实验室试用，通过专家审查鉴定，已被国家技术监督局批准为国家一级标准物质，样品编号为GBW09136、GBW09137。     

泡型肝包虫病的超声诊断再探讨-附100例分析

目的:探讨泡型肝包虫病的B超特征,提出分型依据。方法:综合分析100例经手术或穿刺病理证实的B超声像图表现,并结合部分经CT、MRI检查病例对比研究。结果:100例泡型肝包虫,B超主要表现为①肝内不规则强回声团块80例,其中团块内呈弥漫性粗颗粒状强回声类似"落雪状"改变25例,团块内合并坏死液化20例,团块内钙化25例,钙化和液化同时出现10例。②肝内呈结节状改变20例。结论:泡型肝包虫病表现有其特征性,团块内粗颗粒状强回声,不规则液化坏死,斑片状钙化,周边无低回声暗晕以及彩超团块内无血流信号是与肝癌等肿块鉴别的重要依据。     

地塞米松对冷藏离体肺表面活性物质和顺应性的影响

目的:观察地塞米松对冷藏离体肺表面活性物质和顺应性的影响.方法:32只家兔肺随机均分为对照组、地塞米松冷藏(4℃)保存24h、72h、120h3个组.对照组:测定室温条件下的肺表面活性物质及顺应性.冷藏组:肺离体后立即置于含有地塞米松台式液中冷藏,在相应时间取出肺,室温条件下复温后,置入生理盐水中,测定肺表面活性物质,并测定注气(生理盐水)和抽气(生理盐水)过程中,肺容积在10ml、20ml、30ml时的肺顺应性.结果:冷藏24h组注水、抽水;72h组肺容积在10ml、20ml抽气、冷藏120h组在肺容积为10ml、20ml抽气的肺顺应性同对照组比较,差异无显著性(P>0.05).其余各组、项与对照组比较差异具有显著性(P<0.05),伴有表面活性物质的减少.结论:地塞米松冷藏离体肺顺应性增大,其影响程度随冷藏时间的延长而增加,同时伴有肺表面活性物质的减少.     

医械时代

曾几何时,一个小药箱,一个听诊器,就是一个医生的全部家当。但今天这也许意味着医疗事故官司和失去患者信任度的双重危险。在科学日益昌明的现在,医者和患者都越来越仰仗更昂贵、更先进的仪器,而在这现象之后,是各种医疗仪器设备的迅速普及,是诊疗过程的快速、高效和缜密,是更多科技新发明对人体的近距离关照,当然随之衍生出来的,还有过度医疗服务的不当取利,和种种难见阳光的幕后交易。     

一篇报告和一根导火索

2005年7月底，《中国青年报》载文披露了国务院发展研究中心《中国医疗卫生体制改革》课题组研究报告的主要内容。由中国权威智囊机构专家组起草的这份研究报告，最引人注目的是其中的一个结论——“中国医改基本不成功”。 明白无误的措辞直截了当，如果不是“盖棺论定”，至少也是从研究者的角度为多年来行业运行轨迹始终为民生所关注、行业改革态势也始终波诡云谲的医疗卫生领域的改革实践做了旁注。报告如七月流火引爆的一根导火索，引发了随后汹涌而至的舆论海啸。从草根阶层到行业主管，种种随声附和及存疑声讨一时不绝于耳，人们心底的价值认同和判知趋向在争议和反思中经受洗礼。 一枚陡然而至的舆论炸弹，击中了2005年的盛夏。而热浪扑面的冲击波，是否会在一个行业的发展历史中，持续而长久地释放能量？[编者按]