Insuring the possibility of surgical interventions on the "dry" liver under experimental conditions

Experimentally on 116 dogs it has been found that intravascular shunts of a big diameter or those controlled by means of extracorporal shunts ensure stable hemodynamic indices, approximately the initial ones. The isolated hypothermal perfusion protects, in its turn, the liver from an ischemic trauma and prolongs the safety period of the liver blood flow break to 40 minutes and more.     

Pathogenetical features of the acute period of traumatic disease. Traumatic shock as a special manifestation of the acute period

Clinico-pathogenetical features of the acute period of trauma disease due to a severe combined injury were studied in 644 patients. An analysis of clinical indices was made in 428 of them, clinico-laboratory indices--in 216 patients. The results have shown that the main form of the acute period of the trauma disease are traumatic shock (62.8%), traumatic coma (18.3%), acute respiratory insufficiency (5.7%). Dramatically decreased delivery and consumption of oxygen lower than the metabolic requirements of the tissues accompany the traumatic shock which results in the suppression of tissue metabolism. Pronounced endotoxicosis developing along with the traumatic shock results not from the degree of injured tissues only, but from the centralization of blood circulation. It is also supported by the insufficient detoxicating function of the kidneys. A severe degree of the traumatic shock causes disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) of the II-III degree. After helping out from shock the patient has normocoagulation or the I degree DIC. Traumatic shock with marked hypotension and metabolic acidosis is a significant factor of high risk of the development of acute lesion of the lungs.     

The severe combined cerebro-cranial trauma. Pathobiochemical characterization

The indices of the endocrine system, systemic transport and consumption of oxygen, metabolism, hemostasis in the femoral artery, central and internal jugular veins were investigated in 144 patients with severe combined cerebro-cranial traumas (CCT) during the first 7 days after trauma. In 15 of them liquor was investigated. The results of the investigation have shown that in not severe CCT (FS-II: 0.50+/-0.25 scores) the ACTH level in blood was 1.9 times higher and cortisol 5.6 times higher than normal. In the cerebral tissue aerobic oxygenation of glucose prevailed (aerobic index: 90+/-2%): metabolic disorders were caused by extracranial injuries--the content of lactate, malon dialdehyde (MDA), middle molecular peptides (MCM238-302) was higher in the central vein than in the jugular vein. In patients with the superior truncal form of severe contusion of the brain (Field Surgery-II: 11.8+/-0.2 scores) in the cerebral tissue there was prevalence of anaerobic glycolysis (aerobic index: 60.1+/-3.5%), lactate oxygen index grew to 0.160+/-0.018. The inferior truncal form of brain contusion (FS-II: 18.8+/-0.2 scores) had sharply decreased both aerobic and anaerobic oxidation of glucose in the cerebral tissue. In cases of severe and extremely severe CCT there was a suppression of central regulatory mechanisms--in response to the trauma the elevation of the level of ACTH and cortisol in blood was insignificant. Thrombinemia and prevailing endotoxemia were noted in the jugular vein. Great concentrations of lactate, MDA, MCM were determined in the liquor. So, liquor sorption is thought to be expedient. Lower index of oxygenation (1.9+/-0.3), higher respiratory index (1.5+/-0.1) and alveolar dead space (37.7+/-7.2%) evidenced secondary injury of the lungs in cases of severe and extremely severe combined CCT.     

Pharmacodynamics of nonessential amino acids in elderly patients with post-infarction cardiac sclerosis

We studied pharmacodynamics of an amino acids complex (AAC) in 60 elderly patients (a mean age 71.6 years) with ischemic heart disease, postinfarction cardiosclerosis (PIC), circulatory insufficiency stage I-II. The patients were randomized into 3 groups, 20 persons each. Group 1 received standard therapy (ST) and placebo, group 2--ST + AAC (one tablet of 70 mg 3 times a day), group 3--ST + AAC sublingually in the same dose. Clinical symptoms, results of ECG Holter monitoring and echocardiography were assessed before the treatment and on treatment day 18. Positive effects of AAC used in combination with ST in relation to clinical symptoms, myocardial contractility and ischemia. No differences in efficacy were observed with oral and sublingual AAC administration.     

A case of primary hyperparathyroidism

A case report of primary hyperparathyroidism with symptoms caused by hypercalcemia. Osteoporosis was detected only in thoracic spine. Test for parathormone provided a final diagnosis. The patient was treated surgically.     

Bronchial parameters in inhabitants from the North

The number of branches in the bronchial tree as a whole and in each generation was calculated on corrosion preparations of the right lung in 16 male inhabitants of Novosibirsk and Magadan. Diameters and lengths of a trachea, main, lobar, segmentary and subsegmentary bronchi, interlobular, lobular and terminal bronchioles were determined. The parameters of the 9 first generations were measured completely while those of distal airways--by 15% occasional choice. In both groups the number of branches in the generation was established to grow proportionally to generation number growth and then to decrease due to asymmetry of branches and termination of the part of them at the level of terminal bronchiole. In Magadan inhabitants bronchial tree was longer and wider. The anatomical dead space was 1.6 fold larger in North inhabitants than in that of Novosibirsk. Comparison to physiological data shows that in Novosibirsk inhabitants anatomic dead space makes 27% of respiratory volume, while in that of Magadan--34%. As a result the volume of the air inhaled in North inhabitants which is blended in airways is greater than in Western Siberia people.     

Experimental evaluation of the combined effect of the noise and aerosols in the air of steel mills

The analysis of 3 chronic experiments on white rats pertaining to the study of the combined effect of noise at 85 and 95 dBA and aerosols containing manganese, chromium, nickel oxides and SiO2 showed that there were noted the effects caused by their combined impact. The shifts were clearly marked in the state of the endocrine and cardiovascular systems.