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101.
TR. REUBEN U. OKAFOR 《Death Studies》2013,37(4):417-425
In D. Leviton's (1991) conception of horrendous death , a poorly managed environment can contribute to widespread mortality, and the deaths so caused can further create an environment for subsequent death. The African environment in particular is characterized by a number of "deathogenic" factors that must be understood and confronted by health educators committed to minimizing or eliminating the impact of horrendous death on the African continent. In this comment, the author argues that attention to characteristic but preventable forms of death in the African context can lead to greater public advocacy among African health educators, contributing to the physical and psychological wellbeing of the populations they serve. 相似文献
102.
Jos�� Santos Salom�� F. P. Almeida Etelvina Figueira 《Ecotoxicology (London, England)》2013,22(1):166-173
The ubiquity of diatom distribution, species richness, short generation time, and specific sensitivity to several environmental stressors such as metals, make diatoms particularly useful for scientific studies. Anthropogenic activities have increased the concentration of metals in air, soil and water. Due to their toxicity and persistent character, the effects of metals on organisms have been extensively studied. In this work, the association of cadmium to different extracellular molecules of Nitzschia palea cells was investigated. Cells were grown in the absence and presence (0.2 mg l?1) of cadmium in Chu no. 10 medium. Extracellular polysaccharides were extracted, and subsamples were used for polysaccharide and Cd determination. The frustules were broken mechanically under liquid nitrogen and the intracellular and frustule fractions separated. Frustulins, a protein family found on the outmost frustule layer, constituting a protection coating to environmental stress, were extracted. In each fraction proteins were quantified by the BCA method and separated by gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Cadmium associated to each fraction was quantified by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) analysis. Exposure of Nitzschia palea to cadmium decreased extracellular polysaccharides by 52.8 % and increased 6 times the amount of frustulins. Cadmium was mostly retained extracellularly: 85.4 % was bound to the frustulin fraction, and 11.1 % to polysaccharides. The ability of Nitzschia palea to increase the production of frustulins due to the presence of Cd, the extracellular location of this frustulin coating and the ability of these proteins to bind Cd, suggests a new cellular defense mechanism to metals unknown until now. 相似文献
103.
Targeted mutagenesis in pathogenic Leptospira species: disruption of the LigB gene does not affect virulence in animal models of leptospirosis 下载免费PDF全文
Croda J Figueira CP Wunder EA Santos CS Reis MG Ko AI Picardeau M 《Infection and immunity》2008,76(12):5826-5833
The pathogenic mechanisms of Leptospira interrogans, the causal agent of leptospirosis, remain largely unknown. This is mainly due to the lack of tools for genetically manipulating pathogenic Leptospira species. Thus, homologous recombination between introduced DNA and the corresponding chromosomal locus has never been demonstrated for this pathogen. Leptospiral immunoglobulin-like repeat (Lig) proteins were previously identified as putative Leptospira virulence factors. In this study, a ligB mutant was constructed by allelic exchange in L. interrogans; in this mutant a spectinomycin resistance (Spcr) gene replaced a portion of the ligB coding sequence. Gene disruption was confirmed by PCR, immunoblot analysis, and immunofluorescence studies. The ligB mutant did not show decrease virulence compared to the wild-type strain in the hamster model of leptospirosis. In addition, inoculation of rats with the ligB mutant induced persistent colonization of the kidneys. Finally, LigB was not required to mediate bacterial adherence to cultured cells. Taken together, our data provide the first evidence of site-directed homologous recombination in pathogenic Leptospira species. Furthermore, our data suggest that LigB does not play a major role in dissemination of the pathogen in the host and in the development of acute disease manifestations or persistent renal colonization. 相似文献
104.
Figueira TR Ribeiro RA Ignacio-Souza LM Vercesi AE Carneiro EM Oliveira HC 《Experimental physiology》2012,97(4):525-533
Congenitally analbuminaemic individuals and rats (NARs) exhibit several metabolic abnormalities, including hypertriglyceridaemia and plasma free fatty acid deficiency. Our aim was to study glucose homeostasis and insulin secretion in NARs. Plasma concentrations of lipids, glucose and insulin and secretion of insulin from the pancreatic islets were measured in female NARs and control animals (Sprague-Dawley rats; SDRs). Glucose homeostasis tests were also performed. Plasma glucose levels were similar between NARs and SDRs, irrespective of feeding status. However, fed insulinaemia was ~37% higher (P 0.05) in NARs than in SDRs. The NARs displayed a markedly increased glucose tolerance, i.e. the integrated glycaemic response was one-third that of the control animals. Enhanced glucose tolerance was associated with threefold higher insulinaemia at peak glycaemia after a glucose load than in the control animals. Similar peripheral insulin sensitivity was observed between groups. Isolated pancreatic islets from NARs secreted significantly more insulin than islets from SDRs in response to a wide range of glucose concentrations (2.8-33.3 mm). Despite having similar liver glycogen contents in the fully fed state, NARs had ~40% (P 0.05) lower glycogen contents than SDRs after 6 h fasting. The injection of a gluconeogenic substrate, pyruvate, elicited a faster rise in glycaemia in NARs compared with SDRs. Overall, NARs displayed enhanced glucose tolerance, insulin secretion and gluconeogenic flux. The higher glucose tolerance in NARs compared with SDRs is attributed to enhanced islet responsiveness to secretagogues, while peripheral insulin sensitivity seems not to be involved in this alteration. We propose that the enhanced glucose metabolism is a chronic compensatory adaptation to decreased free fatty acid availability in NARs. 相似文献
105.
Portugal LC Pereira MG Alves Rde C Tavares G Lobo I Rocha-Rego V Marques-Portella C Mendlowicz MV Coutinho ES Fiszman A Volchan E Figueira I de Oliveira L 《Revista brasileira de psiquiatria (S?o Paulo, Brazil : 1999)》2012,34(1):60-65
ObjectiveTonic immobility is a defensive reaction occurring under extreme life threats. Patients with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) reporting peritraumatic tonic immobility show the most severe symptoms and a poorer response to treatment. This study investigated the predictive value of tonic immobility for posttraumatic stress symptoms in a non-clinical sample.MethodsOne hundred and ninety-eight college students exposed to various life threatening events were selected to participate. The Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist – Civilian Version (PCL-C) and tonic immobility questions were used. Linear regression models were fitted to investigate the association between peritraumatic tonic immobility and PCL-C scores. Peritraumatic dissociation, peritraumatic panic reactions, negative affect, gender, type of trauma, and time since trauma were considered as confounding variables.ResultsWe found significant association between peritraumatic tonic immobility and PTSD symptoms in a non-clinical sample exposed to various traumas, even after regression controlled for confounding variables (β = 1.99, p = 0.017).ConclusionsThis automatic reaction under extreme life threatening stress, although adaptive for defense, may have pathological consequences as implied by its association with PTSD symptoms. 相似文献
106.
107.
Claire S Reader Sabari Vallath Colin W Steele Syed Haider Adam Brentnall Ami Desai Kate M Moore Nigel B Jamieson David Chang Peter Bailey Aldo Scarpa Rita Lawlor Claude Chelala Stephen M Keyse Andrew Biankin Jennifer P Morton TR Jeffry Evans Simon T Barry Owen J Sansom Hemant M Kocher John F Marshall 《The Journal of pathology》2019,249(3):332-342
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110.
Camila Matsunaga de Angelis Reydson Alcides de Lima-Souza Joo Figueira Scarini Erika Said Abu Egal Gleyson Kleber do Amaral-Silva Rogrio de Oliveira Gondak Oslei Paes de Almeida Carlos Takahiro Chone Luiz Paulo Kowalski Albina Altemani Fernanda Viviane Mariano 《Head and neck pathology》2021,15(4):1119
Fatty acid synthase (FASN) expression is closely related to cancer progression, in particular, tumor aggressiveness and poor prognosis. This study aimed to analyse the expression of FASN in carcinomas of the salivary glands and correlate it with Ki-67 expression. We analysed by immunohistochemistry the expression of FASN and Ki‐67 on tissue sections from 7 cases of adenocarcinoma, not otherwise specified (AdNOS), 6 cases of polymorphous adenocarcinoma (PAC), 16 cases of acinic cell carcinoma (AcCC), 19 cases of adenoid cystic carcinoma (AdCC), 15 cases of epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma (EMC); 10 cases of secretory carcinoma (SC), 13 cases of mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC), 10 cases of salivary duct carcinoma (SDC) and 7 cases of myoepithelial carcinoma (MC). These carcinomas were classified into aggressive and indolent regarding their biological behaviour. Additionally, MEC and AdCC were also classified according to the histological grade. High expression of FASN was found in SDC (100%), SC (100%), AcCC (68.7%) and AdNOS (57.2%). No association was found between FASN and Ki-67 expression. Aggressive carcinomas showed a higher rate of Ki-67 proliferation (p < 0.001) and greater expression of FASN when compared to indolent carcinomas (p < 0.05). With regards to carcinomas categorized as indolent, FASN expression was much higher in the lesions that presented cell differentiation (SC and AcCC). Also, FASN expression was significantly higher in high-grade AdCC and MEC when compared to low-grade tumors (p < 0.05). We concluded that FASN expression was correlated to tumor aggressiveness and cellular differentiation in salivary gland carcinomas. 相似文献