11,12-环氧二十碳三烯酸对未成熟兔离体心脏停搏及再灌注性心律失常的影响

目的　观察 11,12 环氧二十碳三烯酸 (11,12 EET)对冷停搏未成熟兔离体心脏停搏效果及再灌注性心律失常的影响 ,探讨其作用机制。　方法　将 16只未成熟兔随机配对 ,分成对照组(离体心脏灌注St.Thomas Ⅱ停搏液 ,15ml/kg)和实验组 (离体心脏灌注含 70nmol/L11,12 EET的St .Thomas Ⅱ停搏液 ,15ml/kg)。利用非循环式Langendorff灌注装置 ,测定 (1)心脏灌注停搏液后的电机械活动停止时间和再灌注后电机械活动恢复时间 ;(2 )心脏停搏 2h(15℃ )后再灌注 1h(3 7℃ )过程中的心率、冠状动脉流量变化、心律失常活动及评分 ;(3 )心脏再灌注 1h后的心肌含水量、心肌钙离子含量。　结果　实验组与对照组的电活动停止时间 [(9 3± 0 9)s与 (13 6± 1 9)s ,P <0 0 1]、机械活动停止时间 [(4 5± 1 7)s与 (7 3± 2 1)s,P <0 0 5]、心肌钙离子含量 [(3 2 2± 0 3 3 ) μmol/克干重心肌 (gdw)与 (3 97± 0 2 6) μmol/gdw ,P <0 0 1]、心律失常发生及评分 [(2 0 3± 0 83 )与 (3 88± 1 2 5)分 ,P <0 0 1]、心肌含水量 [(84± 4)与 (90± 5) % ,P <0 0 1]比较 ,实验组均低于对照组。各时点冠状动脉流量显著增高。两组之间的电机械活动恢复时间、心率变化差异无显著性 (P >0 0 5)。　结论　传统的St     

The effect of risperidone treatment on superoxide dismutase in schizophrenia

Some reports have shown that schizophrenia is accompanied by the abnormal metabolism of free radicals. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of the atypical antipsychotic drug risperidone on blood superoxide dismutase (SOD), a critical enzyme in the detoxification of superoxide radicals, and to explore the relationship between changes in SOD and the therapeutic outcome. Forty-one inpatients with diagnosed schizophrenia (DSM-III-R) were assigned to 12 weeks of treatment with risperidone at a fixed dosage of 6 mg/d after a 2-week washout period. Clinical efficacy was determined with the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). Blood SOD was assayed by radioimmunoassay (RIA) in schizophrenic patients before and after the 12-week treatment, and the values were compared with those of 50 age-, sex-, and smoking-matched subjects without schizophrenia. Risperidone treatment significantly decreased the initially high blood SOD levels in schizophrenia. There was a significantly positive relationship between the change in SOD at pretreatment and posttreatment and the reduction in the PANSS negative subscore. These findings suggest that risperidone treatment significantly decreased the blood SOD levels of schizophrenic patients, a change which may be associated with the diminishment of symptoms. The limitations of this study are the measurement of SOD levels by RIA rather than biochemical assay; the 2-week washout, which may not be adequate; and the measurement of only SOD enzyme and not the other antioxidant enzymes.     

Ischemic preconditioning in immature hearts： mechanism and compatibility with cardioplegia

Objective To investigate (1) whether ischemic preconditioning (IPC) could protect immature rabbit hearts against ischemia-reperfusion injury and (2) the role of K(ATP) channel in the mechanism of myocardial protection. Since cardioplegia is a traditional and effective cardioprotective measure in clinic, our study is also designed to probe the compatibility between IPC and cardioplegia. Methods New Zealand rabbits aged 14-21 days weighing 220-280 g were used. The animals were anesthetized and heparinized. The chest was opened and the heart was quickly removed for connection of the aorta via Langendorff’s method within 30 s after excision. All hearts were perfused with Krebs-Henseleit buffer balanced with gas mixture (O［２］∶CO(2)=95%∶5%) at 60 cm H［2O］ (perfusion pressure). IPC consisted of 5 min global ischemia plus 10 min reperfusion. Glibenclamide was used as the K(ATP) channel blocker at a concentration of 10 μmol/L before IPC. Cardiac arrest was induced with 4℃ St. Thomas cardioplegic solution, at which point the heart was made globally ischemic by withholding perfusion for 45 min followed by 40 min reperfusion. Thirty immature rabbit hearts were randomly divided into four groups: CON (n=9) was subjected to ischemia-reperfusion only; IPC (n=9) underwent IPC and ischemia-reperfusion; Gli (n=6) was given glibenclamide and ischemia-reperfusion; and Gli+IPC (n=6) underwent glibenclamide, IPC and ischemia-reperfusion. Coronary flow (CF), HR, left ventricle developed pressure (LVDP), and ±dp/dt(max) were monitored at equilibration (baseline value) and 5, 10, 20, 30 and 40 min after reperfusion. The values resulting from reperfusion were expressed as a percentage of their baseline values. Arrhythmia quantification, myocardial enzyme in the coronary effluent and myocardial energy metabolism were also determined. Results The recovery of CF, HR, LVDP and ±dp/dt(max) in preconditioned hearts was best among the four groups. The incidence of arrhythmia was low and less CK-MB leaked out in the IPC group. Myocardial ATP content was better preserved by IPC. Pretreatment with glibenclamide completely abolished the myocardial protection provided by IPC, but did not affect ischemia-reperfusion injury. Conclusions While applying cardioplegia, IPC provides significant cardioprotective effects. Activation of K(ATP) channels is involved in the mechanism of IPC-produced cardioprotection.     

生栀子、焦栀子50%和95%乙醇洗脱部位药效学比较研究

目的:对炮制前后变化明显的组分50%和95%乙醇洗脱部位(简称部位)进行药效学比较研究,为阐明栀子的炮制原理和栀子饮片的合理应用提供科学依据。方法:采用抗炎、镇静、凝血及化学性肝损伤等指标,观察生栀子、焦栀子50%和95%部位作用的差别。结果:生栀子、焦栀子50%和95%部位对小鼠炎症反应有较好的抑制作用,对小鼠镇静作用不明显,对四氯化碳造成的肝损伤没有保护作用,焦栀子95%部位有明显的促进血液凝固的作用。结论:生栀子、焦栀子两个洗脱部位抗炎作用较好,对镇静和肝损伤作用不明显。焦栀子95%部位凝血作用明显,有较好的止血功效。     

中关村医院健康促进干预前后职工体质检测结果与分析

目的：通过研究针对某人群开展健康促进活动前后其体质指数的变化，为在社区卫生服务中制定有效的健康干预措施提供科学依据。方法：按照《国民体质测定标准手册》（成人部分）规定的测试指标（形态类6项，技能类3项，体能类4项），由专业人员用统一的器材在规定时间进行测试。结果：通过系列的健康促进活动，对2003年到2004年此项活动干预前后职工的体质监测指数进行对比以评价其效果。结论：通过对本院职工进行为期一年的行为干预，使我院职工体质检测各项指标比一年前有明显改善。     

中国体外循环状况调查分析报告

目的通过对全国开展体外循环的医院进行调查，分析我国体外循环的市场和现状，并对发展提出建议和预测。方法按年度对全国开展心脏手术的医院进行问卷调查，内容包括我国心脏手术的规模、体外循环人员组成，体外循环心脏手术（on—pump）和非体外循环心脏手术（off—pump）的比例，氧合器的使用数量和类型分布等。结果全国心脏手术量已由2003年的76319例增加至2007年的136015例，其中体外循环为113465例，占心脏手术量的83．42％。近5年来手术例数平均每年增长约15％。2007年有41个单位开展体外膜式氧合（extracorporeal membrane oxygenation，ECMO），总数为153例；进口膜式氧合器使用率为46．16％，国产膜式氧合器使用率为23．9％。2007年全国从事体外循环人员1497人，其中医生为795人，占55％；体外循环从业人员均未接受正规专业训练。结论中国心脏手术与体外循环发展快速，体外循环从业人员需接受正规、系统的培训。近年来，体外循环主要使用膜式氧合器，鼓泡式氧合器将逐渐消失。     

心脏肿瘤手术的体外循环管理(附117例报告)

目的　回顾心脏肿瘤手术的体外循环管理 ,为不典型心脏手术体外循环提供参考依据。方法　自 1996年 10月至 2 0 0 1年 4月实施心脏肿瘤手术 117例 ,体外循环心脏直视下完成 111例 ,3例心包囊肿 ,3例因肿瘤弥漫性浸润无法切除行姑息性手术。体外循环以浅低温高流量体外循环为主 ,配合深低温低流量或深低温停循环。结果　 2 2例发生肝素耐药现象 ,首次全量肝素化后ACT为 (32 6± 35 )s ,首次追加肝素量为 2 0 0U kg ,术中肝素总量平均 76 3U kg;除姑息手术外 ,均未出现围术期并发症 ,痊愈出院。良性肿瘤随访 6个月至 3年无复发。结论　心脏肿瘤体外循环下手术治疗 ,需根据准确的术前定位 ,选择适当的体外循环方法 ,做好体外循环准备 ;术中ACT监测及血流动力学稳定是体外循环综合管理的关键。     

闭合性脾破裂39例非手术治疗体会

目的　总结闭合性脾破裂的非手术治疗经验。方法　对 1990～ 2 0 0 0年 12月采用非手术治疗的 39例脾破裂的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果　 39例均痊愈出院。其中非手术治疗成功33例 (84 .8% ) ,住院时间 8～ 2 2d ,平均 15d。余 6例因在非手术治疗期间出现血液动力学不稳或延迟性出血而中转手术治愈。结论　在严格掌握适应证和密切动态观察伤情变化的条件下 ,非手术治疗脾破裂是安全可行的 ,对非手术治疗期间血液动力学不稳定或发生延迟性出血者应及时手术     

西地那非治疗勃起功能障碍的现状

简要介绍了西地那非的药理作用机制 ,着重阐述了该药对勃起功能障碍 (ED)的治疗效果及安全性 ,特别对高血压及服用抗高血压药物病人、心脏病病人、糖尿病病人、脊髓损伤病人、前列腺根治性手术后病人、长期透析病人等特殊人群的应用情况进行总结。西地那非对ED的治疗总体上有效、安全。     

漫反射傅里叶变换红外光谱定量分析法测定阿莫西林胶囊的含量

建立阿莫西林胶囊中阿莫西林的含量的检测方法 ,采用漫反射傅里叶变换红外定量分析技术测定了阿莫西林胶囊的含量。结果 :可排除辅料的影响 ,且吸光度与阿莫西林的浓度成良好的线性关系 ,平均回收率为 99.63 %,RSD为 5 .0 4%。本方法简便、准确、可靠 ,可用于阿莫西林胶囊的含量测定