地质钻探技术与应用研究

钻探技术是取得地下实物资料、验证地下信息推断与解释、最终圈定矿体、计算储量、评估品位唯一的技术手段,是实现取得宏观影响大成果的重要技术支撑.我国钻探技术和装备水平与国外先进国家相比有很大的差距,但近些年来有了长足的发展.通过国家重大科学工程项目“中国大陆科学钻探工程”5158m“科钻一井”的实施,取得了一系列钻探技术成...     

鄂湘桂地区栖霞组古氧相分析与层序地层和海平面变化

鄂湘桂地区，早二叠世栖霞组主要为贫氧沉积，通过恢复其形成时沉积环境水体中溶氧量特征及其变化，识别出６个古氧相和４种古氧相相序。古氧相类型、古氧相相序及相差分别反映了沉积环境海平面变化的相位，速度和幅度。古氧相分析从成因上刻画了地层层序的内部结构，成为本区栖霞组内关键性界面，副层序，体系域及层序识别和确定的基础，在对岩相组合单调，空间上岩相厚度变化不大，同时具缺氧成因特征的地层进行层序地层分析时，具     

内蒙古二连盆地砂岩型铀矿目的层赛汉组分段与铀矿化

近年在内蒙古二连盆地赛汉组中找到了可观的砂岩型铀矿资源。关于早白垩世赛汉组的分段没有统一的认识,严重影响了铀矿勘查工作的布置。利用石油、煤炭和核工业部门勘查钻孔岩性、测井曲线、综合编录、地震剖面等资料,结合古气候-颜色变化、沉积序列变化反映的沉积环境,将赛汉组划分为4段。赛汉组一段,主要为一套冲积扇(或扇三角洲)环境下的杂色粗碎屑岩组合。二段为一套凹陷中心灰色、黑色湖沼环境下的泥岩夹褐煤层,凹陷边缘为杂色扇三角洲粗碎屑岩,总体以黑色岩系组合为特征。三段为一套灰色、深灰色含砾粗砂岩、砂岩,侧向联通性较好的灰色岩系组合,形成于辫状河环境。四段为一套红色、黄色泥岩与砂岩互层的红色岩系或组合,沉积于曲流河环境。二连盆地马尼特坳陷中砂岩型铀矿形成于三段中,为侧向氧化成矿作用所致;而乌兰察布坳陷铀矿化定位于四段中,为垂向潜水氧化成矿作用所造成,一段和二段目前还没有找到有价值的铀矿化。     

贵州普定陈旗堡地区土体主要理化性质与持水量相关性研究

根据贵州普定陈旗堡典型喀斯特地区的生态特性,从水文地质与工程地质角度,借助土壤学对土壤水分特性的研究理论,对表层土壤20cm以下土层的土体物理化学性质与土体水分含量,即土体的持水量（waterholding capacity),进行了相关性研究。分析结果表明：土体颗粒成分、孔隙比、矿物成分含量等对土体水分含量均有影响。土体中粉粒含量较高而粘粒含量较少,且粒度分配不均匀时,土体水分含量相对较高;孔隙率高的土体水分含量较高;伊蒙混层矿物、伊利石和绿泥石等粘土矿物含量较高时,土体水分含量相对较高,而长石、碳酸盐等原生矿物含量较高时,土体水分含量相对较小。石英对于土体持水量影响不明显。     

Extreme precipitation events identified using detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA) in Anhui,China

Extreme weather events include unusual, severe or unseasonal weather, and weather at the extremes of the historical distribution. They have become more frequent and intense under global warming, especially in mid-latitude areas. They bring about great agricultural and economic losses. It is important to define the threshold of extreme weather event because it is the starting point of extreme weather event research, though it has been of seldom concern. Taking extreme precipitation events in Anhui, China as an example, the detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA) method is introduced to define the threshold of extreme weather events. Based on it, the spatial and temporal distributions of extreme precipitation events are analyzed. Compared to the traditional percentile method, DFA is based on the long-term correlation of time series. Thresholds calculated by DFA are much higher than the 99th percentile and the values are higher in the south and lower in the north. This spatial pattern is similar to the annual precipitation spatial pattern. There is an obvious increasing trend in the number of days with extreme precipitation, especially after the 1980s. This observation supports the point that more extreme events happen under global warming.     

A Large-Eddy Simulation and Lagrangian Stochastic Study of Heavy Particle Dispersion in the Convective Boundary Layer

Large-eddy simulation and Lagrangian stochastic dispersion models were used to study heavy particle dispersion in the convective boundary layer (CBL). The effects of various geostrophic winds, particle diameters, and subgrid-scale (SGS) turbulence were investigated. Results showed an obvious depression in the vertical dispersion of heavy particles in the CBL and major vertical stratification in the distribution of particle concentrations, relative to the passive dispersion. Stronger geostrophic winds tended to increase the dispersion of heavy particles in the lower CBL. The SGS turbulence, particularly near the surface, markedly influenced the dispersion of heavy particles in the CBL. For reference, simulations using passive particles were also conducted; these simulation results agreed well with results from previous convective tank experiments and numerical simulations.     

基于RAMS/CFORS Ⅱ模式一次低空核试验放射性烟云扩散的数值模拟

采用RAMS／CFORS Ⅱ模式模拟了一次低空核试验烟云的传输和沉降过程。CFORS Ⅱ模式是在RAMS／CFORS模式的基础上开发的,可用于对核试验放射性烟云长距离输送和沉降过程的模拟研究。模拟表明：对流层中低层的低压槽系统对本次低空核试验烟云的水平传输和垂直扩散起着重要的影响作用;烟云的长距离传输速度呈现出随高度递减而减小的趋势,在6000m以上,烟云在爆后48h即东移入海,6000m以下,烟云在中国大陆的扩散和沉降维持了5d以上;爆后2天内以大粒子沉降为主,其后以小粒子沉降为主,小粒子的放射性远小于大粒子,在爆后第4天,放射性沉降就减小了3个量级,而小粒子的沉降范围是大粒子的5倍以上。通过模拟和观测对比表明,模拟结果基本符合实际烟云的传输和沉降态势。     

对流和层状云系电活动,对流及降水特性的相关分析

通过对６次不同云系电特性、回波、对流及降水特性的综合分析，探讨了它们之间的相关性。结果表明：除不稳定能量外，－１０℃层和０℃层高度以及他们之间的高度差、０℃层与云顶的高度差也是表征雷暴动力和电特性的重要参量；雷暴云起电过程对冰相作用有较强的依赖性；雷暴中的电活动与对流活动成正相关，闪电多发生在３０ｄＢｚ强回波高度大于－１０℃层高度时段内，强烈的电活动与强降雨有很好的对应关系，而与一般性降雨对应关系较差；在雷暴消散期，闪电可能会影响雷暴的特性     

高七井水温映震规律浅析

通过对高七井水温多年资料的整理,在总结以往震例的基础上,分析水温异常与地震预报的对应规律,对高七井水温映震效能进行初步探讨.高七井水温异常为阶跃上升型,异常形态具有继承性,水温异常对地震短临预报具有指导意义.