Chemical Composition of North Atlantic Aerosols

The paper presents new information on the chemical composition of the insoluble aerosol fraction in the atmospheric surface boundary layer of different climatic zones of the North Atlantic (temperate humid, arid and semiarid, equatorial humid). The material for this study was collected during 12 expeditions. Nylon meshes were used to catch aerosols along the course of vessels. Aerosols above the North Atlantic consist of lithogenic, biogenic, and anthropogenic particles transported from different regions, which governs the differences in their concentrations and mineral and chemical compositions. Significant (by more than an order of magnitude) enrichment of aerosols in Cu, Cd, Zn, Pb, Sb, and Se is related to anthropogenic atmospheric pollution.     

Clarification of Tectonic and Geodynamic Models of the Alpine–Himalayan–Indonesian Mobile Belt Extremities Based on Matching Views about the Wide and Narrow Tethys Paleocean

Izvestiya, Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics - Based on the available geological and geodetic data, it has been established that the structures of the Alpine–Himalayan–Indonesian mobile...     

Clay-mineral and grain-size distributions in surface sediments of the White Sea (Arctic Ocean): indicators of sediment sources and transport processes

In this study, the grain-size and clay-mineral compositions of 73 surface sediment samples collected in a variety of environmental settings in the White Sea are presented to characterize recent sedimentation processes, reconstruct transport pathways, and identify potential source areas of the terrigenous components. Areas >100 m deep are invariably characterized by silty clay, whereas areas <100 m deep exhibit more heterogeneous grain-size compositions plausibly explained by coastal erosion and (re-)distribution mechanisms, particularly tidal currents. The dominance of sand in the estuarine areas of the Onega and Dvina rivers as well as toward the Gorlo Strait connecting the White Sea with the Barents Sea is attributed to increased current speeds. Illite and smectite are the dominant clay minerals in recent sediments of the southwestern and eastern White Sea sectors, respectively. Their distribution patterns largely depend on the geology of the source areas, and mirror surface circulation patterns, especially in Dvina Bay. Smectite is a key clay mineral in White Sea surface sediments, as it reveals the dominating influence of the Northern Dvina’s runoff on sedimentation and water circulation throughout the basin. In comparison to other Eurasian shelf seas, the White Sea is characterized by a greater diversity of clay-mineral assemblages, which range from illite- to smectite-dominated sectors containing variable amounts of chlorite and kaolinite.     

Investigation of long waves in the tsunami frequency band on the southwestern shelf of Kamchatka

Two inexpensive cable bottom pressure stations were installed on the southwestern shelf of Kamchatka (Okhotsk Sea) in 1987 and two more in 1988 to provide longwave measurements in the tsunami frequency band, to investigate the generating mechanism of these waves, and to test the instrumentation. Microfluctuations of atmospheric pressure were recorded simultaneously. Two cable lines were torn off by ship anchors in March 1989 but others are still working in spite of highly dynamic activity on beaches and in hard ice regimes. Careful data analysis of two months of observations (September–October, 1987) showed that: (1) the atmospheric spectra were very stable and monotonic in the period range 2–50 min and corresponded to a power law of ^–2.3, (2) the direct generation of long waves by atmospheric pressure fluctuations was negligible, (3) there was high correlation between background longwave oscillations and sea state, (4) the structure of the offshore longwave field was in good agreement with theoretical estimates of standing waves for a linear slope.     

Power radiated by a VLF loop antenna in the ionospheric plasma

Summary The radiation power a VLF loop antenna with an arbitrary orientation of the loop's plane relative to the direction of the external magnetic field is calculated and its portion, transferred to the electromagnetic part of the excited spectrum, is determined.

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am umaa m uu am c nu umau nmu uma n m¶rt; a¶rt;um¶rt; n u n¶rt;a ma am mu uu, u¶rt;a ma¶rt;um am am cnma ¶rt;a au.

     

The resonant generation of shelf waves by a moving cyclone

The resonant generation of shelf waves by the local atmospheric disturbance displacing longshore is considered. The model, which is more precise compared with that in refs 3 and 4 owing to the consideration of dispersion of the trapped waves, was applied to the analysis. It is shown that comparatively low-frequency waves are generated most effectively when the cyclone displacement rate is close to the maximum phase velocity of a single shelf mode.Translated by Mikhail M. Trufanov.     

Oxygen isotope and deuterium composition of snow cover on the profile of Western Siberia from Tomsk to the Gulf of Ob

The purpose of this work is to study the variability of the isotope composition (δ¹⁸О, δD, d _exc) of the snow cover on a long transect of Western Siberia from the southern taiga to the tundra. The study of the snow cover is of paleogeographic, paleogeocryological, and paleohydrological value. The snow cover of western Siberia was sampled on a broadly NS transzonal profile from the environs of Tomsk (southern taiga zone) to the eastern coast of the Gulf of Ob (tundra zone) from February 19 to March 4, 2014. Snow samples were collected at 31 sites. Most of the samples represented by fresh snow, i.e., snow that had fallen a day before the moment of sampling were collected in two areas. In the area of Yamburg, the snow specimens collected from the surface are most probably settled snow of different ages. The values of δ¹⁸О in the snow from Tomsk to Yamburg varied from–21.89 to–32.82‰, and the values of δD, from–163.3 to–261.2‰. The value of deuterium excess was in the range of 4.06–19.53‰.     

Island arcs,deep-sea trenches,and seismofocal zones of Indonesia and the Pacific Ocean: Similarity and distinctions

The available geological, gravimetric, and seismological data suggest that island arcs, deep-sea trenches, and seismofocal zones of Indonesia (as a part of the Alpine-Indonesian mobile belt) differ significantly from structures of the same names of the Pacific ring proper. Thus, seismofocal zones of the ring are characterized by the stress-strain conditions of subhorizontal across-strike compression at depths of 0–400 km. In seismofocal zones of the mobile belt, such conditions exist only in the depth interval ～(0–40) km. At depths of about 40 to 400 km, lengthening (the T axis) is oriented along the dip-updip direction of a zone, whereas shortening (the P axis) is oriented along the strike of a seismofocal zone or, if individual P axes are not well ordered in this depth interval, they are scattered near the plane normal to the lengthening axis. We relate these distinctions to the fact that the mobile belt inherits a geosynclinal, rather than oceanic, basin that cannot be regarded as a huge bay of the paleo-Pacific. The aforementioned data imply that SW Melanesia (the New Guinea Islands, Bismarck Archipelago, and Solomon Islands) includes the recent Bismarck geosynclinal zone located on the strike of the Indonesian segment of the Alpine-Indonesian mobile belt.