山东归来庄金矿区g(Au/Ag)的空间信息统计学特征

空间信息统计学是一门集数学、空间信息科学及计算机技术于一体,在时空域内对区域化变量的随机性与结构性进行定量研究的技术。以山东归来庄金矿床为例,对其g(AuAg)异常进行空间信息统计学研究。利用指示克立格法研究g(AuAg)的空间变异结构特征,建立空间结构模型。在对结构模型和估计方案进行交叉验证后,对g(AuAg)的空间分布进行估计。根据g(AuAg)的空间分布规律,探讨其与Au空间分布的关系,并对今后该区的找金工作提出建议。     

Hydrogeochemical and isotopic study of groundwater in the Habor Lake Basin of the Ordos Plateau,NW China

Hydrogeochemistry and isotopes were used to understand the origin and geochemical evolution in the Habor Lake Basin, northwestern China. Groundwater samples were taken, and the isotopic compositions δD, δ¹⁸O and major ions were analyzed. The groundwater can be divided into three types: the Quaternary groundwater, the shallow Cretaceous groundwater and the deep Cretaceous groundwater. The groundwater chemistry is mainly controlled by the feldspar weathering and dolomite weathering, the dissolution of Glauber’s salt, and cation exchange. Chemistry of lake water is mainly controlled by evaporation and precipitation. The stable isotopes of oxygen and hydrogen in groundwater cluster along the local meteoric water line, indicating that groundwater is of meteoric origin. Comparing with shallow groundwater, deep groundwater is depleted in heavy isotopes indicating that deep groundwater was recharged during late Pleistocene and Holocene, during which the climate was more wetter and colder than today.     

青海共和盆地下白垩统烃源岩地球化学特征及其生油意义

我国西北大部分地区在早白垩世处于挤压为主的构造环境,但共和地区处于伸展的构造环境,发育了巨厚的下白垩统湖相沉积。我们首次在共和盆地下白垩统发现了一套２５８．１５ｍ 厚的烃源岩。这一发现改变了以往西北白垩系烃源岩仅分布在祁连－秦岭以北的观点, 这对于研究我国西北地区白垩系烃源岩的分布和油气田的形成具有重大意义。共和盆地下白垩统从下到上分为万一段、万二段、万三段、万四段。万一段和万四段是炎热干旱气候条件下形成的红色沉积, 基本没有生烃能力。万二段烃源岩是一套炎热潮湿气候条件下形成的浅湖－半深湖相沉积, 烃源岩有机质丰度达到了中到好烃源岩的丰度标准, 干酪根类型以Ⅰ２ 型为主。该烃源岩在Ｋ２ 早期（９０．０１Ｍａ） 进入生油门限, 开始生油, 从Ｋ２ 晚期（７４．１１Ｍａ） 以来,一直处于大量生油的成熟阶段。下白垩统万三段沉积时期, 水体时深时浅, 暗色泥岩和红色泥岩交替出现。暗色泥岩属于中等烃源岩, 其有机质类型主要为Ⅱ型。它在晚白垩世 （７８．０２Ｍａ） 进入生油门限, 但一直到第四纪 （１．５Ｍａ） 才进入大量生油的成熟阶段。共和盆地下白垩统烃源岩发育, 具有形成中小型油气田的可能性。     

张八岭地区变质地层序列与构造型式

运用构造与地层相结合的理论和方法，通过对张八岭地区已完成和正在进行的１０幅１：５万地质填图资料分析和典型地区的构造追踪，初步认为：北将军（岩）组自下而上分为三段，时代置于中元古代，获铅同位素年龄样值为１８２１±４１６Ｍａ；西冷（岩）组自下而上分为三段，时代置于青白口纪。区内主要存在三期构造交形：早期为一系列呈ＮＷＷ－近ＥＷ向的紧闭同斜褶皱，中期以韧性剪切带发育为特征，晚期以ＮＮＥ向为主的宽缓褶皱。三期变形共同叠加，形成区内基本构造格架。并对变形机制作初步探讨。     

Cenozoic Eucla Basin and associated palaeovalleys,southern Australia — Climatic and tectonic influences on landscape evolution,sedimentation and heavy mineral accumulation

The Eucla Basin including the vast Nullarbor Plain lies on the margins of the Yilgarn, Musgrave and Gawler cratons in southern Australia and owes its distinctive landscape to a unique set of interactions between eustatic, climatic and tectonic processes over the last ~ 50 Ma. Understanding of the history of the basin and the palaeovalleys that drained from the surrounding cratons are important because they contain major mineral deposits, and the sediments derived from them contain remobilised gold, uranium, and heavy minerals. In particular, a remarkably preserved palaeoshoreline sequence along the north-eastern margin of the Eucla Basin is highly prospective for heavy mineral placer deposits. The record of marine, marginal marine, estuarine, fluvial and lacustrine environments, as constrained mainly by an extensive borehole dataset, reflects major depositional events during the Palaeocene–Early Eocene, Middle–Late Eocene, Oligocene–Early Miocene, Middle Miocene–Early Pliocene and Pliocene–Quaternary. These events reflect the key role of eustatic sea-level variation which, during highstands, inundated the craton margins, flooding palaeovalleys to up to 400 km inboard of the present coastline. However, a systematic eastward migration of the depocentre across the Eucla Basin during the Neogene, together with apparent flow reversals in a number of palaeovalley systems draining the Gawler Craton, suggest that the Eucla Basin has also been subject to differential vertical movements, expressed as a west-side up, east-side down tilting of ~ 100–200 m. This differential movement forms part of a broader north-down–southwest-up dynamic topographic tilting of the Australian continent associated with relatively fast (6–7 cm/yr) northward plate motion since fast spreading commenced in the Southern Ocean at ~ 43 Ma. We suggest that the evolving dynamic topography field has played a key role in facilitating development of placer deposits, largely through multistage, eastward reworking of near-shore sequences during highstand transgressive cycles on a progressively tilting platform under the influence of persistent westerly weather systems.     

Origin of Natural Gas in Kekeya Field, Tarim Basin, China

This paper is mainly concentrated on the geochemical characteristics and origin of gas of Kekeya field in the Tarim basin, NW China. This study shows that Permian mudstone is the main source rock of oil and gas. Based on the carbon isotopes of C1--C4, the carbon isotope of gas in Kekeya field is a little heavier than that in the typical marine-derived gas. The relationship between carbon isotopes of methane and ethane is coincident with Faber equation of gas derived from organic matter Ⅰ/Ⅱ. The majority of gas maturity is estimated, based on the formula, at 1.8%-2.2% besides K2 and K18 wells. In addition, the gas derived from 0.9%-1.2% Ro source rocks may also bemixture. ^40Ar/^36Ar and ^3He/^4He ratios from the gas samples also support the mixing process. Moreover, the gas in this region is mainly generated from more mature source rocks although the low mature gas exists.     

Risk Management for Petroleum Reservoir Production: A Simulation-Based Study of Prediction

We consider numerical solutions of the Darcy and Buckley–Leverett equations for flow in porous media. These solutions depend on a realization of a random field that describes the reservoir permeability. The main content of this paper is to formulate and analyze a probability model for the numerical coarse grid solution error. We explore the extent to which the coarse grid oil production rate is sufficient to predict future oil production rates. We find that very early oil production data is sufficient to reduce the prediction error in oil production by about 30%, relative to the prior probability prediction.     

襄樊汉江四桥大口径灌注桩成孔施工实践

介绍了使用泥浆护壁气举反循环回转钻进工艺进行襄樊汉江四桥大口径嵌岩桩的施工实践。施工中采用下置双护简隔离卵石层，合理选用钻头类型(卵砾石层采用五翼合金刮刀钻头，基岩采用球齿滚刀钻头)和钻进参数(混合器沉没深度，尾管长度，孔内空气流量与压力)，摸索与总结出一套复杂地层成孔施工经验。     

云南石林地区土壤侵蚀的石笋记录与现代观测

通过研究云南乃古石林地区的洞穴沉积物———石笋,结合土壤侵蚀观测结果,发现石笋中的每一个夹泥层代表一次地表快速剥蚀事件,进而讨论了土壤侵蚀事件在石林发育过程中的意义。结果表明:石林发育的自然过程之一是土体较长时期稳定、实现土下溶蚀,协同土壤阶段性的快速剥蚀过程,脉动式相对向上“生长”。石林地区全新世曾经历过数次快速剥蚀过程。