ENVIRONMENT AND CLIMATE CHANGE IN CHINA

ＥＮＶＩＲＯＮＭＥＮＴＡＮＤＣＬＩＭＡＴＥＣＨＡＮＧＥＩＮＣＨＩＮＡ￥ＺｈｏｕＸｉｕｊｉ（周秀骥），ＣｈｅｎＬｏｎｇｘｕｎ（陈隆勋），ＬｉＷｅｉｌｉａｎｇ（李维亮）ａｎｄＬｉＸｉａｏｗｅｎ（李晓文）ＥＮＶＩＲＯＮＭＥＮＴＡＮＤＣＬＩＭＡＴＥＣＨＡＮＧ...     

The Characteristics of 30-60 Day Oscillation and Its Relations to the Interannual Oscillations

The characteristics of 30-60 day oscillation (hereafter called LFO ) of the outgoing longwave radiation data (OLR) and its relations to the interannual oscillations of the sea surface temperature (SST) are investigated by using the daily OLR data for the period from January, 1979 to December, 1987 and the corresponding monthly SST data. It is found that the LFO the band the interannual oscillations of the SST monthly anomaly (SSTA) interact each other and they all relate to the occurrence and development of El Nino events closely. Before El Nino event happens, it contributes to the SST's wanning up and to the SST's quasi-biennial oscillation (called QBO for brevity) and three and half years oscillation (called SO for short) being in warm water phase in the equatorial central and eastern Pacific (ECP and EEP) that the LFO in the equatorial western Pacific (EWP) enhances and propagates eastward; When El Nino event takes place, the LFO, SSTA and SSTA's QBO and SO in the EEP interact and strengthen each oth     

青藏高原气象要素的周期分析

应用谱分析方法,分析了中日亚洲季风观测实验期间所使用的高原自动站冬夏两季气象资料在频域上的特征。结果表明,夏季有６～８ｄ、候、准４ｄ和２～２．４ｄ的振荡周期,冬季还存在１２ｄ即准两周的周期,还发现高原上的系统对四川盆地有影响。又用常系数物理系统的分析方法,研究了５００ｈＰａ高度场对热源分量的响应,发现对于短周期的温度波动,高度场几乎及时加以响应;对于中周期的温度波动,高度场要滞后１～２ｄ才能作出响应     

CLIMATIC FEATURES OF SEA TEMPERATURE OF WARM POOL AND RELATIONSHIP WITH SST OF ITS ADJACENT REGIONS

In this paper,climatic features of sea temperature of western Pacific warm pool and therelationship with sea surface temperature (SST) of its adjacent regions are analyzed based on theobserved sea temperature on vertical cross section along 137°E in western Pacific,the monthlymean SST of Xisha Station in South China Sea and the global monthly mean SST with resolution of1°×1°(U.K./GISST2.2).The results indicate that (1) in a sense of correlation.SST of westernPacific warm pool can represent its sea subsurface temperature from surface to 200 m-depth level inwinter,and it can only represent sea temperature from surface to 70 m depth in summer.The seasubsurface temperature anomaly of warm pool may be more suitable for representing thermalregime of western Pacific warm pool.The sea subsurface temperature of warm pool has acharacteristic of quasi-biennial oscillation.(2)Warm pool and Kuroshio current are subject todifferent ocean current systems (3)Furthermore,the relationship between SST of Xisha Stationand SST of warm pool has a characteristic of negative correlation in winter and positive correlationin summer,and a better lag negative correlation of SST of Xisha Station with sea subsurfacetemperature of warm pool exists.(4)Additionally,oscillation structure of sea temperature like “aseesaw” exists in between warm pool and Regions Nino3 and Nino4.January (June) maximum(minimum) sea subsurface temperature anomaly of warm pool may serve as a strong signal thatindicates maturity phase (development phase) of La Nina (El Nino) event,it also acts as a strongsignal which reveals variations of SST of Regions Nino3 and Nino4.     

中国气温的年际振荡及其与海气振荡的关系

对中国47站1933、1—1987、12月平均气温资料进行功率谱分析表明,中国气温存在明显的准两年振荡(QBO)和准3.5年振荡(称为SO)。 用CEOF方法对中国160站气温QBO和SO分量研究表明:振荡具有传播和驻波的混合。传播路径一条由华北向南向西,另一条由华南向北向西。 文章还对中国气温和东太平洋赤道海温进行了滞后相关分析。      

MM5对末次盛冰期中国气候的模拟研究Ⅱ:海陆分布、植被和大尺度环流背景变化的影响

利用全球模式CCM3嵌套区域模式MM5的方法研究了末次盛冰期海陆分布、植被和大尺度环流背景场变化对末次盛冰期气候变化的作用.模式结果表明与现代相比,末次盛冰期东亚地区海陆分布发生的变化造成这一地区冬季减温,夏季增温,这个变化对中国东部近海地区的温度和降水产生明显的影响,尤其是对降水的影响.它使得中国东部地区降水减少,由此造成的降水减少占末次盛冰期降水减少的25%-50%.海陆分布的变化对内陆和中国西部地区影响很小.末次盛冰期中国东部地区植被发生了明显的变化,温带和寒带植物南移,热带植物的覆盖范围减少.中国东部地区植被的巨大变化对温度产生了影响,使该地区冬季增温,夏季减温,年平均温度变化不大.末次盛冰期全球气候发生巨大的变化,即大尺度环流背景场变化.它使得中国地区的温度和降水产生显著变化,这个变化造成中国地区温度降低,并且决定了温度变化的主要分布和变化特征,东北地区是中国末次盛冰期降温最大的地区,青藏高原的降温超过同纬度的东部地区等.同时,大尺度背景场的变化还控制着降水的变化,末次盛冰期中国西部地区和东北地区降水的变化几乎完全是背景场变化引起的,其对华北和华东地区降水的影响大约为50%-75%.综合我们研究的影响末次盛冰期中国地区气候变化的因子,按影响程度由大到小排序为大尺度环流背景场、海陆分布变化、植被变化、CO2浓度变化和地球轨道参数变化.     

地球向外长波辐射(OLR)资料所显示的热带环流季节特征和年际变化

本文应用从卫星观测到的地球向外长波辐射资料所得到的气候学特征与其他资料的结果基本一致,经验正交函数分析所得到的前六个分量可分成两类,前三个分量属于稳定型,即它们的年际变化很小,很好地描述了低纬大气环流的季节特征.后三个分量,虽然它们的方差总和才12%,但具有很大的年际变化,是明显的不稳定型,它们较强的距平对流和下沉中心,太多在赤道附近,而且成对出现,这说明环流的异常与低纬沃克环流的强度变化有密切关系.本文之结果再一次证明,对于低纬大气环流的研究,地球向外长波辐射资料是一种很有用的资料.     

1979年夏季青藏高原上空大气热源的变化及大气能量收支特性

本文把青藏高原分成东西两个区,各区取5个站组成一个5边形,研究该两区1979年夏季的垂直运动、大气总加热、凝结加热、各种大气能量转换和输送、不均匀非绝热加热的特性,特别是其垂直分布和谱密度和交叉谱特性。其结果见第5节中结论。     

夏季亚洲地区热带环流的中期振荡

不少学者对亚洲地区夏季热带大气环流的中期振荡作过研究[1-3]。总的说来,发现了4-5天,14天左右和40-50天三种周期的振荡。