东沙西南海域表层底栖有孔虫碳同位素对冷泉活动的指示

底栖有孔虫碳同位素负偏记录是冷泉活动的重要指标之一。对南海北部东沙西南海域4个含碳酸盐结核的表层沉积物样品中的6种底栖有孔虫进行了氧碳同位素分析,结果表明,表生属种Discanomalina semiungulata、Cibicides wullerstorfi、Cibicides pseudoungerianus、Cibicides lobatulus的碳同位素,相对同水深南海现代表生底栖有孔虫有明显的负偏记录,尤其是表生种D.semiungulata基本都偏负;内生种Lenticulina orbicularis也有部分负偏,而Uvigerina auberiana的碳同位素则明显偏正;几种底栖有孔虫的碳同位素波动幅度都明显较大,明显超出了南海最近两个冰期-间冰期旋回中碳同位素的变化幅度。其中生活在蠕虫管壁上的活体底栖有孔虫D.semiungulata和C.lobatulus的同位素都呈明显的负偏,认为该区底栖有孔虫碳同位素这种负偏和波动幅度大可能是由于冷泉活动造成的。活体底栖有孔虫碳同位素负偏表明该区可能存在有正在活动的冷泉,其中表生种D.semiungulata的大量出现可以作为南海冷泉活动的一个潜在指示标志。     

南沙海槽表层沉积自生石膏-黄铁矿组合的成因及其对天然气渗漏的指示意义

南海海槽是潜在的天然气水合物发育区,在表层沉积物中分布有石膏-黄铁矿组合。通过对石膏、黄铁矿的形貌特征、矿物组成、化学元素、硫同位素等的分析,讨论和揭示了石膏-黄铁矿组合的成岩环境、形成机理及其与天然气渗漏的关系。石膏集合体为土块状和多孔状、玫瑰状,表面分布有孔洞或微孔,黄铁矿为莓球状、球粒结块状和虫管状。不同形状的石膏、黄铁矿的化学成分没有明显差别。石膏-黄铁矿的形成机理是海底渗漏的天然气与硫酸盐发生缺氧甲烷氧化反应,产物HS^-与沉积物中的Fe^2＋反应产生FeS并转变为黄铁矿,在形成FeS的过程中产生的H^＋促进碳酸盐溶解,Ca^2＋与SO4^2-达到过饱和沉淀出重。^34S的石膏。因此,石膏-黄铁矿组合是海底存在天然气渗漏的证据,这一发现对开展南沙海槽潜在天然气水舍物的调查以及对天然气渗漏事件的研究具有一定的科学意义。     

南沙海槽南部及邻近海区表层沉积物中的碎屑矿物特征

南沙海槽南部海区73个表层沉积物中的碎屑矿物主要有石英、长石、自然铅、褐铁矿、锐钛矿、金红石等，其分布受地形、地貌的控制，可分为西北大陆坡碎屑矿物组合、槽底碎屑矿物组合、东南大陆架碎屑矿物组合3种类型。不同组合类型具有不同的物质来源。     

南海围区中、新生代古地磁特征与南海地质构造演化

南海的形成和构造演化的研究表明:早—中三叠世,印支微板块与华南微板块相隔约8个纬度,两者于晚三叠世碰撞成统一大陆。古新世—早渐新世,华南微板块向南漂移了约9.5个纬度;中渐新世一早中新世,它则向北漂移了约8个纬度。此一漂移对南海的第二期S—N向扩张起了重要的控制作用。菲律宾岛弧的两期大规模的逆时针旋转(40多度和20多度)恰好分别与太平洋板块运动方向的改变和南海海盆洋壳向东发生俯冲相对应。南海的扩张活动与周缘块体的相互运动有关。     

南海北部海洋沉积与环境研究的新篇章--南海北部开放航次沉积与环境研究内容及首航次采样成果

南海北部南临南海地块的主体部分,西部为印支地块,东靠台湾-菲律宾岛弧,地貌类型有海台、链状海山、海底谷和海底扇等。南海北部发育底辟构造、张性断层以及叠瓦状逆掩推覆构造和增生楔等,分布有珠江口、琼东南、莺歌海等常规油气盆地和琼东南-西沙海槽、台西南-东沙及笔架南新型能源——天然气水合物有利区。同时,南海北部受东亚冬季风影响,是现代南海冬季上升流所在地,     

云南马关新生代地幔包体中橄榄石的显微构造及其反映的上地幔物理状态特征

利用氧化缀饰法研究了云南马关新生代地幔尖晶石二辉橄榄岩包体中橄榄石的位错构造。其位错构造种类多样、形态各异,主要包括(100)和(001)位错壁、亚颗粒构造、位错网格、{100}滑动条带构造等,表明该区上地幔岩具高温高应变和低温高应变特征。包体形成的温度T为1016—1098℃,压力P为18.3×108—20.6×108Pa。马关上地幔温压状态具有大洋地幔地温特征,热流值达85mW·m-2。上地幔的流动应力σ为27.9—59.7MPa,流动速率ε为1.37×10-18—2.17×10-16s-1,等效粘滞度η为9.18×1022—6.92×1024Pa·s。该区上地幔的高流动应力、高热状态和裂谷带型的流动速率、等效粘滞度特征,可能与16MaB.P.以来区域性东西向伸展作用有关。     

黄土碳酸盐碳同位素环境意义讨论

黄土碳酸盐碳同位素广泛应用于第四纪气候环境变化的研究中,以往的大多数研究中无论是利用钙结核、次生碳酸盐还是成壤碳酸盐,认为其反映了C4植物的丰度。黄土高原碳酸盐碳同位素表现为黄土层高,古土壤层中低,即黄土层中C4植物丰度高于古土壤层。然而,这样的结果和黄土有机碳同位素得到的结果矛盾,有机碳同位素的结果表明温度对C4植物的分布起到了决定性作用。由于有机碳同位素对植物类型的反映更为直接而可靠,因此碳酸盐碳同位素反映C4植物丰度存在疑问。对黄土高原黄土碳酸盐碳同位素的系统概括后认为,第四纪期间黄土碳酸盐碳同位素与C4植物有直接联系,但C4植物丰度不是唯一决定性的因素,碳酸盐碳同位素的指示意义存在复杂性。在黄土高原地区,植被发育程度、与大气CO2交换程度、植被本身的碳同位素值的变化以及原生碳酸盐的影响等因素都会对碳酸盐碳同位素产生影响。由黄土碳酸盐碳同位素的讨论可延伸到不同土壤碳酸盐碳同位素揭示的环境指示意义,不同的土壤环境,其气候条件、植被类型及发育程度、大气CO2的交换情况、微生物的活动及土壤次生碳酸盐受原生碳酸盐溶解的影响等因素都会对碳同位素产生不同程度影响,哪种或哪几种因素产生主要作用,在不同区域土壤环境中是不一样的。具体研究中需确定影响的核心因素,才能确定碳同位素的环境指示意义。     

Clay mineral distribution in surface sediments of the South China Sea and its significance for in sediment sources and transport

Clay minerals of surface sediments in the South China Sea (SCS) are analyzed with X-ray diffraction, and their transport is explored with a grain size trend analysis (GSTA) model. Results show that clay mineral types in various sedimentary environments have different sediment sources and transport routes. Sediments in the northern SCS (north of 20°N) between the southwest of Taiwan Island and the outer mouth of the Pearl River have high contents of illite and chlorite, which are derived mainly from sediments on Taiwan Island and/or the Yangtze River. Sediments from the Pearl River are characterized by high kaolinite and low smectite content, and most are distributed in the area between the mouth of the Pearl River and northeast of Hainan Island and transported vertically from the continental shelf to the slope. Characterized by high illite content, sediments from Kalimantan Island are transported toward the Nansha Trough. Sediments from Luzon Island are related with volcanic materials, and are transported westwards according to smectite distribution. On the Sunda Shelf, sediments from the Mekong River are transported southeast in the north while sediments from the Indonesian islands are transported northward in the south. Ascertaining surface sediment sources and their transport routes will not only improve understanding of modern transportation and depositional processes, but also aid paleoenvironmental and paleoclimatic analysis of the SCS.     

Clay mineral distribution in surface sediments of the South China Sea and its significance for in sediment sources and transport

Clay minerals of surface sediments in the South China Sea (SCS) are analyzed with X-ray diffraction, and their transport is explored with a grain size trend analysis (GSTA) model. Results show that clay mineral types in various sedimentary environments have different sediment sources and transport routes. Sediments in the northern SCS (north of 20°N) between the southwest of Taiwan Island and the outer mouth of the Pearl River have high contents of illite and chlorite, which are derived mainly from sediments on Taiwan Island and/or the Yangtze River. Sediments from the Pearl River are characterized by high kaolinite and low smectite content, and most are distributed in the area between the mouth of the Pearl River and northeast of Hainan Island and transported vertically from the continental shelf to the slope. Characterized by high illite content, sediments from Kalimantan Island are transported toward the Nansha Trough. Sediments from Luzon Island are related with volcanic materials, and are transported westwards according to smectite distribution. On the Sunda Shelf, sediments from the Mekong River are transported southeast in the north while sediments from the Indonesian islands are transported northward in the south. Ascertaining surface sediment sources and their transport routes will not only improve understanding of modern transportation and depositional processes, but also aid paleoenvironmental and paleoclimatic analysis of the SCS.     

冷泉区底栖有孔虫研究进展

海底冷泉区是海洋能源和生物资源同时富集的一类特殊区域。底栖有孔虫群落及其地球化学组成是海底冷泉区发育的重要指示标志之一。海底冷泉区的底栖有孔虫及其碳同位素研究,对于探讨冷泉演化、评估古冷泉甲烷排放对全球气候变化的影响有重要的研究意义。综述了全球一些主要冷泉区的底栖有孔虫研究方法及其进展,对比了各冷泉区底栖有孔虫群落结构的主要特征及地域差异,评述了冷泉区底栖有孔虫的碳同位素记录特征、影响因素及其对冷泉活动的潜在指示意义,最后提出了南海北部冷泉活动区底栖有孔虫方面的研究展望。