UV-B辐射对指状许水蚤效应的初步研究

探讨UV-B辐射增强对海洋生态系统的影响,通过实验生态学的方法,研究了UV-B辐射对指状许水蚤(Schmacheria inopinus,Burckhardt)雌雄成体的致死率、摄食率和滤水率的影响。结果表明,在实验所设定的辐射剂量下,指状许水蚤雄性成体对UV-B辐射的致死率明显高于雌性成体的致死率;UV-B辐射对雄性成体的24h的半数致死剂量(24h.LD50)为5.77kJ/m2,而对雌性成体48h的半数致死剂量(48h.LD50)为5.04kJ/m2。在较低剂量下(0~1.728kJ/m2),UV-B辐射对雌雄成体的摄食率(F)和滤水率(G)都有明显的抑制作用。     

UV-B辐射对2种海水轮虫的致死效应

运用生态毒理学方法研究了UV-B辐射对褶皱臂尾轮虫(Brachionusplicatilis)和壶状臂尾轮虫(Brachionusurceus)的致死效应,旨在为阐明UV-B辐射对海洋生态系统的影响和建立指示UV-B辐射的生态毒理学指标体系提供科学依据。结果表明:UV-B辐射对2种轮虫都有严重的伤害作用,且当辐射强度达一定强度阈值会对其产生急性致死作用。实验测得:UV-B辐射对2种轮虫的急性致死强度阈值为:(50±10)μW/cm2;24h,48h和96h的半致死剂量:褶皱臂尾轮虫为4.393,2.694和1.720kJ/m2;壶状臂尾轮虫为5.856,4.516和1.730kJ/m2。由此可知,本实验UV-B辐射剂量范围和观察时间内,褶皱臂尾轮虫在UV-B辐射处理后的24h和48h内对UV-B辐射的敏感性相对要大于壶状臂尾轮虫,而在UV-B辐射处理后的96h内2种轮虫对UV-B辐射的敏感性则相近。     

有机磷农药对海洋微藻致毒性的生物学研究：Ⅷ.久效磷对二种海洋微藻的 …

在久效磷的毒性胁迫下,扁藻和三角褐指藻细胞的生长严重地受到了抑制（其７２ｈ半抑制浓度分别为１．４６ｍｇ／Ｌ和９．７４ｍｇ／Ｌ）,藻细胞内自由基产生与清除间的平衡被打破。在自由基过量产生的同时,伴随有核酸和蛋白质含量的降低;与藻细胞清除自由基有关的二种关键性酶－过氧化物酶（ＰＯＤ）和超氧化物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）的活性也出现下降趋势,因此,作者认为自由基参加了久效磷对藻细胞的伤害。ＰＯＤ和ＳＯＤ活性的降低     

UV-B辐射对3种海洋微藻的种间竞争性平衡的影响

为探讨UV-B辐射对海洋生态系统的影响，研究了短期(2d)UV-B辐射对金藻8701、小新月菱形藻和亚心形扁藻3种藻单养的敏感性比较以及长期(21d)UV-B辐射对3种藻混养的种间竞争性平衡的影响。实验表明，(1)UV-B条件下。单养和混养情况下，最敏感的藻是金藻8701，小新月菱形藻次之，亚心形扁藻最不敏感；(2)增强的UV-B为对UV-B具有高耐受力的亚心形扁藻提供了竞争优势，使种间竞争平衡向着有利于亚心形扁藻的方向发展，到第21天，UV-B辐射(2．88J／m^2，5．76J／m^2)的处理组中，亚心形扁藻成为优势种。     

鱼耳石碳氧同位素在黄、渤海小黄鱼种群识别中的应用

Oxygen and carbon isotope ratios(δ~(18)O and δ~(13)C) in otoliths were used to identify the stock structure of small yellow croaker,Larimichthys polyactis.Otoliths were collected from fish at five locations across the Yellow Sea and the Bohai Sea representing most of their distributional range and fisheries areas.The significant differences in the isotopic signatures showed that the five locations could be chemically distinguished and clearly separated,indicating stock subdivision.Correlation of δ~(18)O and δ~(13)C values suggested that population of L.polyactis could be divided into the Bohai Sea group,the southern Yellow Sea group and the central Yellow Sea group.Discriminant analysis of δ~(18)O and δ~(13)C values demonstrated a high significant difference with 85.7% classification accuracy.The spatial separation of L.polyactis indicated a complex stock structure across the Yellow Sea and the Bohai Sea.These results indicate that optimal fisheries management may require a comprehensive consideration on the current spatial arrangements.This study has provided further evidence that measurement of the stable isotopes ratios in otolith can be a valuable tool in the delineation of fishery management units.     

有机磷农药对海洋微藻致毒性的生物学研究：Ⅲ.久效磷对叉鞭金藻自由…

以叉鞭金藻为材料进行了有机磷农药－久效磷的毒性实验。结果表明，在久效磷胁迫下，微藻的生长受到了严重地抑制；其过氧化物酶活性降低，膜脂过氧化产物丙二醛含量和电解质外渗率同步增加；超氧化物歧化酶活性时而上升，时而下降。     

Seasonal variations in the phytoplankton community and the relationship between environmental factors of the sea around Xiaoheishan Island in China

Seasonal variations in the phytoplankton community and the relationship between environmental factors of the sea area around Xiaoheishan Island are investigated in the present study. Xiaoheishan Island is located at 37°58′14″N and 120°38′46″E in Shandong Province, China. A total of 65 species of phytoplankton belonging to three phyla and 27 genera were identified, with Bacillariophyta having the largest number of species. The annual average chlorophyll a concentration for this area was 3.11 μg/L, and there occurs a Skeletonema costatum bloom in winter. The Shannon-Weaver indexes(log_2) of the phytoplankton from all stations were higher than 1, and the Pielou indexes were all higher than 0.3. The results of the canonical correspondence analysis(CCA) indicated that water temperature, PO_4~(3ˉ) and Cu were the environmental factors that had the greatest influence on the distribution of the phytoplankton community throughout the entire year. Although the concentration of heavy metal is well up to the state standards of the first grade of China(GB 3097-1997), these metals still have an impact on the phytoplankton community from this area.     

海带病烂发生过程中的生理生化变化研究——I．糖、蛋白、总抗氧化能力、SOD的变化

为了研究海带自然病烂过程中生理、生化变化，在实验生态条件下，人工促使海带病烂，每隔3d取样，对幼苗可溶性糖含量、可溶性蛋白含量、总抗氧化能力、超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase，SOD)活性的变化进行连续检测。结果表明，在海带幼苗由健康到病烂的过程中，可溶性糖含量表现为逐渐下降的趋势；可溶性蛋白含量先升高后逐渐下降；总抗氧化能力和超氧化物歧化(SOD)的活性呈现出先升高后降低的变化规律。     

UV-B辐射和久效磷对三角褐指藻DNA共同伤害效应

运用生态毒理学和生物化学的方法研究了紫外线和久效磷对三角褐指藻DNA的伤害作用。结果表明 ,久效磷对三角褐指藻的生长有抑制作用 ;随着久效磷浓度的增加 ,三角褐指藻DNA损伤程度增加 ;在久效磷浓度固定不变时 ,随着处理时间的延长 ,DNA的损伤程度同样提高 ;在久效磷的处理过程中同时伴有紫外线的辐射处理 ,DNA的损伤程度加剧 ;久效磷处理解除一段时间后 ,DNA损伤程度未明显减轻 ,而UV B处理解除后 ,DNA的损伤可明显恢复。说明DNA的损伤可在一定程度上指示海洋微藻受久效磷伤害的的程度。