QuikSCAT散射计矢量风统计特征及南海大风遥感分析

主要分析了QuikSCAT散射计矢量风资料的统计特征,并利用该资料分析了南海大风频数的月变化、空间分布特征以及南海各月风场的空间分布特征.结果显示QuikSCAT矢量风在南海具有可信性;利用散射计风场资料分析发现在南海主要盛行两种风,即冬季东北风和夏季西南风,东北风最大中心在巴士海峡、台湾海峡;南海中南部存在东北季风的次大中心和西南季风的极大中心.     

OPERATIONAL FORECAST OF RAINFALL INDUCED BY LANDFALLING TROPICAL CYCLONES ALONG GUANGDONG COAST

Following previous studies of the rainfall forecast in Shenzhen owing to landfalling tropical cyclones(TCs), a nonparametric statistical scheme based on the classification of the landfalling TCs is applied to analyze and forecast the rainfall induced by landfalling TCs in the coastal area of Guangdong province, China. All the TCs landfalling with the distance less than 700 kilometers to the 8 coastal stations in Guangdong province during 1950—2013 are categorized according to their landfalling position and intensity. The daily rainfall records of all the 8 meteorological stations are obtained and analyzed. The maximum daily rainfall and the maximum 3 days' accumulated rainfall at the 8 coastal stations induced by each category of TCs during the TC landfall period(a couple of days before and after TC landfalling time) from 1950 to 2013 are computed by the percentile estimation and illustrated by boxplots. These boxplots can be used to estimate the rainfall induced by landfalling TC of the same category in the future. The statistical boxplot scheme is further coupled with the model outputs from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts(ECMWF) to predict the rainfall induced by landfalling TCs along the coastal area. The TCs landfalling in south China from 2014 to 2017 and the corresponding rainfall at the 8 stations area are used to evaluate the performance of these boxplots and coupled boxplots schemes. Results show that the statistical boxplots scheme and coupled boxplots scheme can perform better than ECMWF model in the operational rainfall forecast along the coastal area in south China.     

T_(63)数值预报产品在逐日最低温度预报试验中的运用

随着数值模式的升级，数值预报产品越来越具可用性，它不仅为业务预报提供了定量化的参考，而且弥补了资料在某些区域和某时次的空缺；数值预报模式还可以提供大量的物理量，有助于天气分析和预报。因此，数值预报产品越来越受预报员欢迎，但是由于数值预报模式提供的产品很多，如何利用好这些产品就成为一个重要的课题，数值预报产品的释用研究因而愈显重要。目前大量的预报中多采用PPM和MOS这两种统计释用方法。PPM是用过去的因子实测资料和预报量建立统计关系，而后用数值预报输出的因子资料代人方程中得到预报值，这样处理的缺点是…     

WAVELET ANALYSIS OF INTERANNUAL VARIATION OF TROPLCAL CYCLONES IN GUANGDONG

Climatological laws are studied for the annual frequency of tropical cyclone occurrence and the date of the yearly first landfall,which take place in the Guangdong province or pose serious threats on it from 1951 to 1999,using the data in the Yearly Book on Typhons.A new method that has developed over recent years for the study of temporal sequences,the wavelet analysis,is used,in addition to more common statistical approaches.By analyzing two wavelet functions,HAT and MORLET,we have compared the results of transfor proaches.By analyzing two wavelet functions,MHAT and MORLET,we have compared the results of transformation of the wavelets provided that ther conditions remain unchanged.It is discovered that the variance of MORLET wavelet has better indication of primary periods; period-time sequence charts can reflect major affecting periods for individual sections of time;when compared with the orginal sequence,the chart shows a little shift.On the other hand,such shift is absent in the MHAT wavelet.but its higher frequency part of variance covers up the primary periods to make its variance less pedominant as compared to the MORLET wavelet.Besides,the work compares two different assumptions of an amplifying factor a.It is found that primary periods can be shown more clearly in the variance when a takes the exponential of 2 than it takes values continuously.Studying the annual frequency of tropical cyclones and the date of first appearance for periodic patterns ,we have found that the primary peroids extracted by this approach are similar to those obtained by wavelet transformation.     

伪卫星技术及其在导航定位中的应用分析

卫星导航系统可以在任何时间、任何地点为用户提供导航服务,即只要用户能够接收到良好的卫星导航信号,就能确定自身的准确位置。但是当卫星工作异常或因受到建筑物或地形遮挡而信号不佳时,用户定位将受到很大影响。作为一种新型的导航定位技术,伪卫星技术应用于现有的卫星导航系统中,可以大大提高导航系统的定位精度、完备性和有效性。在论述伪卫星技术及其应用的同时,重点对伪卫星技术在已有导航系统星座几何布局改善、差分定位解算等方面进行了分析与验证,为我国卫星导航系统的后续建设及其应用拓展提出了建设性意见。     

SURFACE OBSERVATIONS IN THE TROPICAL CYCLONE ENVIRONMENT OVER THE SOUTH CHINA SEA

In this paper,the observational data from Marine and Meteorological Observation Platform(MMOP)at Bohe,Maoming and buoys located in Shanwei and Maoming are used to study the characteristics of air-sea temperature and specific humidity difference and the relationship between wind and wave with the tropical cyclones over the South China Sea(SCS).The heat and momentum fluxes from eddy covariance measurement(EC)are compared with these fluxes calculated by the COARE 3.0 algorithm for Typhoon Koppu.The results show that at the developing and weakening stages of Koppu,both these differences between the sea surface and the near-surface atmosphere from the MMOP are negative,and data from the buoys also indicate that the differences are negative between the sea surface and near-surface atmosphere on the right rear portion of tropical cyclones(TCs)Molave and Chanthu.However,the differences are positive on the left front portion of Molave and Chanthu.These positive differences suggest that the heat flux is transferred from the ocean to the atmosphere,thus intensifying and maintaining the two TCs.The negative differences indicate that the ocean removes heat fluxes from the atmosphere,thus weakening the TCs.The wind-wave curves of TCs Molave and Chanthu show that significant wave height increases linearly with 2-min wind speed at 10-m height when the wind speed is less than 25 m/s,but when the wind speed is greater than 25 m/s,the significant wave height increases slightly with the wind speed.By comparing the observed sensible heat,latent heat,and friction velocity from EC with these variables from COARE 3.0 algorithm,a great bias between the observed and calculated sensible heat and latent heat fluxes is revealed,and the observed friction velocity is found to be almost the same as the calculated friction velocity.     

广东省登陆热带气旋活动异常成因分析

利用1970～2001年热带气旋年鉴资料，对32年来西太平洋热带气旋登陆我国的频率、位置、维持、衰减、变性、加强及消亡等进行统计分析，揭示热带气旋登陆活动的一些事实和特征。研究表明：在我国沿海不同地区(不包括岛屿)登陆的热带气旋，其陆上维持时间明显不同，从广西至浙江，维持时间向北增加；热带气旋登陆后的明显衰减主要发生在登陆后12小时内，登陆时越强的热带气旋，衰减得越厉害；热带气旋在我国陆上消失的位置最北是黑龙江、最西可至云南，广西是登陆我国热带气旋消失数最多的地区。     

1987-2006年北方13省土地利用/覆盖变化驱动力分析

以北方13省为研究区,利用主成分分析与逐步多元回归分析方法,分析了研究区土地利用/覆盖变化的驱动机制.结果表明:(1)由于地域差异的原因,各个子区域中土地利用/覆盖类型变化的驱动因子有所不同;(2)社会经济要素是研究区土地利用/覆盖变化的主导驱动因子,尤其是人口因素发挥着重要作用;(3)气温、降水等自然因子对区域土地利用/覆盖变化也具有一定的制约作用,主要表现在东北和西北等受自然要素限制较为突出的地区.政策驱动因子在研究中没有得到反映,但不难判定国家生态环境政策无疑也对区域土地利用/覆盖的变化起到了非常重要的作用.