后注浆钻孔灌注桩单桩承载力研究

基于北京某工程钻孔灌注桩现场静荷载和桩身应力测试结果,对桩侧摩阻力、桩端阻力的发挥特性进行了对比分析,采取后注浆工艺可以较大幅度提高桩的单桩承载力性能。采用后注浆工艺,充分加强了桩与土之间相互作用的有利方面,使桩-土体系更加紧密地形成一个协同工作的系统,改善了基桩的承载性状。采用后注浆技术后,可适当减小桩径及桩长或减少工程桩数量,从而降低桩基工程造价,取得明显的技术经济效益。     

Effects of P＋Cr complex modification and solidification conditions on microstructure of hypereutectic AI-S alloys by wedge-shaped copper mould casting

Large and segregated primary Si particles may drastically decrease the mechanical properties of AI-Si alloys. To solve this problem, a P-Cr complex modifier was added into the alloy, and the effects of P-Cr complex modification and solidification conditions on the microstructure of hypereutectic Al-Si alloys casting produced in wedge-shaped copper mould were studied. The thermal analysis technique was applied to calculate the cooling rate during solidification. The microstructures were observed by means of optical and scanning electron microscopies. Results showed that the primary Si segregates in the as-cast hypereutectic AI-Si alloys. The segregation of primary Si can be inhibited by adding a P＋Cr complex modifier and increasing the cooling rate during solidification. The refinement of primary Si particles by P＋Cr complex modification is due to the formation of CrSi2 and AlP particles which act as the heterogeneous nuclei for the primary Si phase. The segregation of Si was also inhibited through the adherence of heavier CrSi2 particles to the primary Si particles.     

Modeling of foundation heat exchangers—Comparison of numerical and analytical approaches

Foundation heat exchangers (FHXs) are an alternative to more costly ground heat exchangers utilized in ground-source heat pump (GSHP) systems serving detached or semi-detached houses. Simulation models of FHX are needed for design and energy calculations. This paper looks at two approaches used for development of simulation models for FHX systems: a simplified analytical model and a detailed numerical model. The analytical model is based on superposition of line sources and sinks. The numerical model is a two-dimensional finite volume model implemented in the HVACSIM+ environment. Both the analytical and numerical models have been validated again experimental results from a test house located in Oak Ridge, Tennessee. Six geographically diverse locations are chosen for a parametric study; results of the two models are compared, and differences between the results are investigated.     

大型公建入口外部空间的景观一体化设计——以福州海峡国际会展中心景观设计为例

本文以海峡国际会展中心景观设计为例,探讨如何通过延伸城市空间机理与职能、与建筑空间形态密接、合理组织交通活动与停留空间、有机融合自然景观等方式,实现大型公建入口外部空间与城市空间的景观一体化设计。     

Water‐absorption characteristics of organic–inorganic composite superabsorbent polymers and its effect on summer maize root growth

Adding inorganic materials in SAPs to synthesize organic–inorganic composite superabsorbent polymers (OICSAPs) can effectively improve salt‐tolerance, gel strength, thermal stability, and water retention. However, most researches mainly focus on synthesizing process optimization and new multifunctional products, lacking reports on how ions affected water‐absorption characteristics and mechanism of OICSAPs and its influence on summer maize root growth. On the basis of these, we set up laboratory experiments and field cultivation experiment, using environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM) and fractal theory to study the questions above. Results show that OICSAPs have better salt‐tolerance, while cations and concentration affected its water‐absorption characteristics significantly. With higher cation valence, larger ionic radius, and concentration, its water‐absorption rate reduced remarkably as Na⁺ < K⁺ < Mg²⁺ < Ca²⁺ < Fe²⁺ < Fe³⁺ < Al³⁺ < Cu²⁺, while the effects of anions could be neglected. The OICSAPs presented typical honeycomb membrane‐like 3D crosslinked network structure, but Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, Fe²⁺, Fe³⁺, Al³⁺, and Cu²⁺ would damage the structure (Cu²⁺ with the most significant effect) in local microdomain, and changed the complexity of pores. In the experiment, higher concentration could reduce water‐absorption rate without changing micromorphological characteristics. Applying OICSAPs will reduce total length, surface area, and volume of summer maize root, while promoting absorbing and transmitting ability by larger root diameter and the proportion of root <0.5 cm. All these results will provide a theoretical basis on application, marketing, and product development of OICSAPs. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012     

Effect of TiO2 nanoparticles on the antibacterial and physical properties of polyethylene-based film

TiO₂ nanoparticles and their application in packaging systems have attracted a lot of attention because of its antimicrobial activity. In this work, effect of TiO₂ nanoparticles on the antibacterial and physical properties of polyethylene (PE)-based film was investigated. Results indicated that the antibacterial activity of TiO₂-incorporated PE films should be due to the killing effect property of TiO₂ nanoparticles against microorganisms. The TiO₂-incorporated PE film exhibited more effective antibacterial activity for Staphylococcus aureus. The antibacterial activity to inactivate Escherichia coli or S. aureus was improved by UV irradiation. The inhibition ratio of TiO₂-incorporated PE films sample irradiated for 60 min by UV light was improved significantly, which were 89.3% for E. coli and 95.2% for S. aureus, respectively, compared to that of TiO₂-PE film without UV irradiation. The analysis of physical properties revealed that TiO₂ nanoparticles increased the tensile strength and elongation at break of PE-based film. The climate resistance of nano-TiO₂ films is greatly enhanced, compared to that of the blank PE film. Water vapor transmission increased from 18.1 to 24.6 g/m²·24 h with the incorporation of TiO₂ nanoparticles. Results revealed that PE based film incorporating with TiO₂ nanoparticles have a good potential to be used as active food packaging system.     

基于Modbus协议的串行通信的应用

针对目前工控领域,现场数据采集分散管理的不足,该文采用了Modbus RTU通信协议和串口通信技术,设计了主从式通信的采集系统,实现对各个现场的远程集中监控,即集散控制系统。详细阐述了在C#环境下基于Mod-bus RTU通信协议的上位机和DAM-3504系列三相多功能电量采集模块经过GPRS网络的主从式串行通信的实现。经过现场测试验证,表明该方案运行稳定,操作简便,能够对采集的数据进行实时显示,解决了对现场的统一监控和分布式管理的问题,为工业控制现场提供了一套可行性方案。     

Mathematical models of the transitions between endocrine therapy responsive and resistant states in breast cancer

Endocrine therapy, targeting the oestrogen receptor pathway, is the most common treatment for oestrogen receptor-positive breast cancers. Unfortunately, these tumours frequently develop resistance to endocrine therapies. Among the strategies to treat resistant tumours are sequential treatment (in which second-line drugs are used to gain additional responses) and intermittent treatment (in which a ‘drug holiday’ is imposed between treatments). To gain a more rigorous understanding of the mechanisms underlying these strategies, we present a mathematical model that captures the transitions among three different, experimentally observed, oestrogen-sensitivity phenotypes in breast cancer (sensitive, hypersensitive and independent). To provide a global view of the transitions between these phenotypes, we compute the potential landscape associated with the model. We show how this oestrogen response landscape can be reshaped by population selection, which is a crucial force in promoting acquired resistance. Techniques from statistical physics are used to create a population-level state-transition model from the cellular-level model. We then illustrate how this population-level model can be used to analyse and optimize sequential and intermittent oestrogen-deprivation protocols for breast cancer. The approach used in this study is general and can also be applied to investigate treatment strategies for other types of cancer.     

油井管特殊扣产品拧接的自动判定法

在油井管特殊扣产品的加工过程中,拧接是一个重要工序,而拧接设备是否具有自动判定的功能,自动判定方法合适与否,都会对生产节奏和质量控制产生影响。本文介绍了一种自动判定的方法,通过对拐点的扭矩数值、圈数的判断,再加上一些防错手段,实现对特殊扣拧接曲线的自动判定。