一种乳液型油田解堵洗油剂的研制及其性能评价

为解决渤海油田堵塞问题,通过测量界面张力、洗油效率以及润湿反转等性能优选出性能较好的表面活性剂,通过测量萃取剂的洗油效率优选出性能好的萃取剂。将优选的表面活性剂与萃取剂复配成乳液型洗油剂,测试其配伍性、稳定性以及洗油效率,并分析其洗油机理。研究结果表明,单一表面活性剂对油砂洗油效率最高的是OP-10,为29.4%;较好的萃取剂为石油醚和二甲苯,对油砂的洗油效率可达80%,将表面活性剂与萃取剂进行复配之后,洗油效率可显著提升至95%,所研制的配方为2%二甲苯+8%石油醚+2%OP-10的乳液型洗油剂具有良好的配伍性和稳定性,具有较好的推广应用价值。图3表5参15     

基于VOF模型的平底结构等速入水砰击载荷研究

水下生产装备等大型结构物在下放安装过程中,在穿越飞溅区阶段结构物底部将受到巨大的波浪砰击载荷。为了准确预测结构所能承受的临界波浪砰击载荷,以判断水下装备穿越飞溅区时是否存在潜在危险,通过重叠网格技术模拟二维平底结构等速冲击入水运动,基于有限体积法与VOF模型求解气液两相流动的雷诺时均方程,研究平底结构入水过程中砰击载荷特性,并对结构物入水过程中气液两相流动变化情况进行分析。分析结果表明:平板垂直等速入水时,结构受到的砰击压力随下放速度的增大而增大,所产生的峰值压力也逐渐增大;当平板具有横向移动速度时,不同横纵速度比对砰击压力的影响较小,砰击压力随时间的变化曲线基本相同,仅峰值压力略有差异;入水角度对平板落水时所受的砰击压力影响较大,当入水角度小于4°时,砰击压力随入水角度的增大而减小,当入水角度大于4°时,砰击压力随着入水角度的增大而增大,入水临界角度为4°;平底结构入水全过程中气液两相流动变化情况较为复杂,主要分为形成空气泡、产生气液射流及水面恢复稳定3个阶段。所得结论可为判断水下结构物能否安全穿越飞溅区提供指导。     

基于NURBS曲面的管道三维成像技术研究

管道的三维成像是处理变形检测数据最直观但也是最复杂的方式,而曲面的三维重建算法是实现管道三维成像的关键。为此,基于非均匀有理B样条(NURBS)曲面的三维成像技术,通过管道检测数据反求双三次NURBS曲面的节点矢量与控制点,并对管道机器人在检测过程中可能发生的周向转动进行优化处理,使用C++编程语言与OpenGL生成管道的三维模型,并对比了相同变形管道中,是否考虑检测机器人的周向转动对于成像效果产生的影响。研究结果表明:基于NURBS曲面的三维重建算法对于管道局部变形(凹陷变形、挤压变形)的表面重构精度较高,其成像效果清晰、逼真,且考虑检测机器人的周向转动时,所生成的三维模型表面过渡更加圆滑。研究结果可为油气输送管道三维成像技术的进一步研究提供参考。     

Experimental and theoretical study of microwave enhanced catalytic hydrodesulfurization of thiophene in a continuous-flow reactor

Hydrodesulfurization (HDS) of thiophene, as a gasoline model oil, over an industrial Ni-Mo/Al₂O₃ catalyst was investigated in a continuous system under microwave irradiation. The HDS efficiency was much higher (5%–14%) under microwave irradiation than conventional heating. It was proved that the reaction was enhanced by both microwave thermal and non-thermal effects. Microwave selective heating caused hot spots inside the catalyst, thus improved the reaction rate. From the analysis of the non-thermal effect, the molecular collisions were significantly increased under microwave irradiation. However, instead of being reduced, the apparent activation energy increased. This may be due to the microwave treatment hindering the adsorption though upright S-bind (η¹) and enhancing the parallel adsorption (η⁵), both adsorptions were considered to favor to the direct desulfurization route and the hydrogenation route respectively. Therefore, the HDS process was considered to proceed along the hydrogenation route under microwave irradiation.     

A combination process of mineral carbonation with SO2 disposal for simulated flue gas by magnesia-added seawater

The desulfurization by seawater and mineral carbonation have been paid more and more attention. In this study, the feasibility of magnesia and seawater for the integrated disposal of SO₂ and CO₂ in the simulated flue gas was investigated. The process was conducted by adding MgO in seawater to reinforce the absorption of SO₂ and facilitate the mineralization of CO₂ by calcium ions. The influences of various factors, including digestion time of magnesia, reaction temperature, and salinity were also investigated. The results show that the reaction temperature can effectively improve the carbonation reaction. After combing SO₂ removal process with mineral carbonation, Ca²⁺ removal rate has a certain degree of decrease. The best carbonation condition is to use 1.5 times artificial seawater (the concentrations of reagents are 1.5 times of seawater) at 80°C and without digestion of magnesia. The desulfurization rate is close to 100% under any condition investigated, indicating that the seawater has a sufficient desulfurization capacity with adding magnesia. This work has demonstrated that a combination of the absorption of SO₂ with the absorption and mineralization of CO₂ is feasible.     

钛换热管与管板焊接的气体保护措施优化

随着石油化工行业的不断发展,我国对钛制换热器的需求量逐年增加。与其他材质换热器不同,钛换热器在焊接换热管与管板接头时,有严格的气体保护要求,对熔池及温度超过400 ℃的焊缝和热影响区都要进行惰性气体保护。在实际生产中,一般通过给钨极加装保护气体喷嘴以及增加管板气体保护罩的形式实现。在整个管板焊接过程中,需要根据焊接位置不断移动管板气体保护罩,过程冗杂,生产效率低。利用ANSYS Workbench数值模拟软件,模拟钛管头焊接过程的温度场,以温度场分布为依据,优化传统气体保护措施。通过实际焊接检验可知,改进后的气体保护措施效果良好,可以应用于实际生产。     

Natural Products from Diaporthe arecae with Anti‐Angiogenic Activity

A new indoleglycerol, designated as arecine ( 1 ), and twenty‐three known diketopiperazines 2 – 24 were isolated from the endophytic fungus Diaporthe arecae associated with mangrove Kandelia obovate. Structures of all secondary metabolites 1 – 24 were identified on the basis of their spectrometric data, especially the nuclear magnetic resonance, optical rotation, and mass data. The absolute stereochemistry of compound 1 was determined by comparing its experimental electronic circular dichroism spectrum to those of in silico generated. Moreover, the ¹H and ¹³C NMR spectroscopic data of isolated diketopiperazines 3 – 24 were measured in dimethyl sulfoxide‐d₆ and presented in Table 2 for a convenient comparison. Pharmacological study showed cordysinin A ( 2 ) possessed mild anti‐angiogenic activity, which suppressed tube formation with an IC₅₀ value of 15.1±0.2 μg/mL.     

Synthesis of ZSM‐5 by hydrothermal method with pre‐mixing in a stirred‐tank reactor

This work proposed a synthesis route of ZSM‐5 via the hydrothermal method with premixing in a stirred tank reactor (STR). Effects of various operating conditions, including pre‐mixing time, molar ratio of SiO₂/Al₂O₃, TPAOH (organic template agents) concentration, NaCl (alkali metal cations) concentration, crystallization temperature, and crystallization reaction time, on the average particle size (PS) and particle size distribution (PSD) were investigated. It was found that the pre‐mixing time in the STR significantly affect the formation of proto‐nuclei in premixing process and crystal growth in hydrothermal reaction process, and consequently influence the PS and PSD of the prepared ZSM‐5. ZSM‐5 with good thermal stability, a PS of 380 nm, PSD of 0.17–0.9 µm, pore diameter of 2.31 nm, pore volume of 0.19 cm³ · g^?1 and specific surface area of 337.25 m² · g^?1 were obtained under the optimal conditions of a crystallization reaction time of 24 h, a crystallization temperature of 130 °C, a molar ratio of SiO₂/Al₂O₃ of 200, a TPAOH concentration of 3.5 mol · L^?1, NaCl concentration of 0.3 mol · L^?1, and a pre‐mixing time of 5 h. This work indicated that the operating conditions including premixing time have a significant effect on its PS and PSD.     

山楂后贮条件对山楂酒品质和风味的影响

该实验将鲜山楂密封贮藏于15 ℃、25 ℃和35 ℃,研究贮藏温度和时间对山楂酒品质和风味成分的影响。结果表明,相同贮藏时间条件下,随贮藏温度在15～35 ℃范围内升高,山楂酒pH值上升,总酸、柠檬酸和L-苹果酸含量降低,酯类含量升高。25 ℃条件下贮藏5 d,山楂酒pH值上升0.08,总酸、柠檬酸和L-苹果酸含量分别降低1.39 g/L、822.03 mg/L和154.83 mg/L,酯类物质含量升高49.7 mg/L;35 ℃条件下贮藏4 d,山楂酒pH值上升0.03,总酸、柠檬酸和L-苹果酸含量分别降低1.04 g/L、887.60 mg/L和164.88 mg/L,酯类物质含量升高25.8 mg/L。因此,25～35 ℃密封贮藏,可有效降低山楂酒中柠檬酸和L-苹果酸含量,升高酯类物质含量,改善山楂酒的风味与口感。