FCC汽油叠合生产柴油的研究——(Ⅰ)叠合催化剂的研制

采用中孔γ-Al2O3为载体，以非贵金属Ni为活性金属组分，以金属Sn为助剂组分，制备了FCC汽油叠合生产柴油的催化剂。在实验室小型连续流动式固定床装置上，以FCC汽油为原料，考察了主活性金属负载量、助催化剂、催化剂制备条件对催化剂性能的影响。研究结果表明，在活性金属Ni质量分数为8％，助催化剂Sn质量分数为1％，浸渍时间6h，焙烧温度500℃，焙烧时间4h的条件下，制备的叠合催化剂的催化性能最好。并对催化剂进行了1500h的稳定性试验和再生性能考察，结果表明该叠合催化剂具有良好的稳定性和再生性能。     

岩石物理性质研究技术

主要介绍了2003年EAGE岩石物性测试分析技术取得的新进展。从本届年会看，岩石物理内容主要涉及岩石物理模型建立、时延地震岩石物理与岩石各向异性分析、喷射频率和流体饱和度及其分布预测、岩石物理模拟等新方法、新技术、新成果。在充分考虑岩石物理受当地地质因素影响后，提出岩石物理模版概念，目的是为地质专家方便对岩性和流体的解释提供一种工具。     

Lead-free piezoelectric ceramics with composition of (0.97−x)Na1/2Bi1/2TiO3-0.03NaNbO3-xBaTiO3

Compositions in (Na_1/2Bi_1/2)TiO₃ based ternary system, (0.97 – x) (Na_1/2Bi_1/2)TiO₃-0.03NaNbO₃-xBaTiO₃ (x = 0, 0.01, 0.02, 0.04, 0.05, 0.06, 0.08) are synthesized using conventional solid state reaction method. Influence of BaTiO₃ on crystal structure, dielectric and piezoelectric properties are investigated. All compositions can form single perovskite phase. Powder x-ray diffraction patterns can be indexed assuming a pseudo-cubic structure. Lattice constant increases with the increase of BaTiO₃ concentration. Rhombohedral distortion is observed in poled samples with BaTiO₃ concentration up to 6 mol%. Temperature dependence of dielectric constant and dissipation factor measurement reveals that all compositions experience two phase transitions: from ferroelectric to antiferroelectric and from antiferroelectric to paraelectric. Both transition temperatures, T _c and T _f, are lowered due to introduction of BaTiO₃. Ferroelectric to antiferroelectric phase transition has relaxor characteristics. Piezoelectric properties have relatively higher value around 1 mol% to 4 mol% BaTiO₃. In ceramics with x = 0.02, thickness electromechanical coupling factor (k _t) of 0.51 and piezoelectric charge constant (d ₃₃) of 110 × 10^–12 C/N are obtained. Addition of small amount of BaTiO₃ (x = 0.01, 0.02) improves piezoelectric properties compared to NBT-NN binary system, while T _f remains above 140°C, higher than that of NBT-BT binary system composition with similar piezoelectric properties. This is in favor of the possible application of them as lead-free piezoelectric ceramics.     

求解二维结构-声耦合问题的一种直接方法

本文基于传递矩阵法(TMM)和虚拟边界元法(VBEM)，提出了一种求解在谐激励作用下二维结构-声耦合问题的直接法。文中对任意形状的二维弹性环建立了一阶非齐次运动微分方程组，便于用齐次扩容精细积分法求解，对于含有任意形状孔穴的无穷域流体介质的Helmholtz外问题，采用复数形式的Burton-Miller型组合层势法建立了虚拟边界元方程，保证了声压在全波数域内存在唯一解。根据叠加原理并结合最小二乘法，提出了一种耦合方程的直接解法，由于该方法不存在迭代过程，因而具有较高的计算精度和效率。文中给出了二个典型弹性环在集中谐激励力作用下声辐射算例，计算结果表明本文方法较通常采用的混合FE／BE法更为有效。     

Thermomechanical finite-element model of shell behavior in continuous casting of steel

A coupled finite-element model, CON2D, has been developed to simulate temperature, stress, and shape development during the continuous casting of steel, both in and below the mold. The model simulates a transverse section of the strand in generalized plane strain as it moves down at the casting speed. It includes the effects of heat conduction, solidification, nonuniform superheat dissipation due to turbulent fluid flow, mutual dependence of the heat transfer and shrinkage on the size of the interfacial gap, the taper of the mold wall, and the thermal distortion of the mold. The stress model features an elastic-viscoplastic creep constitutive equation that accounts for the different responses of the liquid, semisolid, delta-ferrite, and austenite phases. Functions depending on temperature and composition are employed for properties such as thermal linear expansion. A contact algorithm is used to prevent penetration of the shell into the mold wall due to the internal liquid pressure. An efficient two-step algorithm is used to integrate these highly nonlinear equations. The model is validated with an analytical solution for both temperature and stress in a solidifying slab. It is applied to simulate continuous casting of a 120 mm billet and compares favorably with plant measurements of mold wall temperature, total heat removal, and shell thickness, including thinning of the corner. The model is ready to investigate issues in continuous casting such as mold taper optimization, minimum shell thickness to avoid breakouts, and maximum casting speed to avoid hot-tear crack formation due to submold bulging.     

Platinum Binuclear Complexes as Phosphorescent Dopants for Monochromatic and White Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes

Efficient blue‐, green‐, and red‐light‐emitting organic diodes are fabricated using binuclear platinum complexes as phosphorescent dopants. The series of complexes used here have pyrazolate bridging ligands and the general formula C^∧NPt(μ‐pz)₂PtC^∧N (where C^∧N = 2‐(4′,6′‐difluorophenyl)pyridinato‐N,C^2′, pz = pyrazole ( 1 ), 3‐methyl‐5‐tert‐butylpyrazole ( 2 ), and 3,5‐bis(tert‐butyl)pyrazole ( 3 )). The Pt–Pt distance in the complexes, which decreases in the order 1 > 2 > 3 , solely determines the electroluminescence color of the organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs). Blue OLEDs fabricated using 8 % 1 doped into a 3,5‐bis(N‐carbazolyl)benzene (mCP) host have a quantum efficiency of 4.3 % at 120 Cd m^–2, a brightness of 3900 Cd m^–2 at 12 V, and Commission Internationale de L'Eclairage (CIE) coordinates of (0.11, 0.24). Green and red OLEDs fabricated with 2 and 3 , respectively, also give high quantum efficiencies (～ 6.7 %), with CIE coordinates of (0.31, 0.63) and (0.59, 0.46), respectively. The current‐density–voltage characteristics of devices made using dopants 2 and 3 indicate that hole trapping is enhanced by short Pt–Pt distances (< 3.1 Å). Blue electrophosphorescence is achieved by taking advantage of the binuclear molecular geometry in order to suppress dopant intermolecular interactions. No evidence of low‐energy emission from aggregate states is observed in OLEDs made with 50 % 1 doped into mCP. OLEDs made using 100 % 1 as an emissive layer display red luminescence, which is believed to originate from distorted complexes with compressed Pt–Pt separations located in defect sites within the neat film. White OLEDs are fabricated using 1 and 3 in three different device architectures, either with one or two dopants in dual emissive layers or both dopants in a single emissive layer. All the white OLEDs have high quantum efficiency (～ 5 %) and brightness (～ 600 Cd m^–2 at 10 V).     

废胶粉改性沥青性能影响因素研究

分析了制备工艺、胶粉粒径以及外加添加剂对胶粉改性沥青常规使用性能和稳定性的影响。结果表明:在一定的范围内,胶粉粒径细,对沥青性能的改善较好;加入相容剂可改变沥青胶体体系的溶剂化层的结构和性质;交联剂的加入,增大了体系的稳定性。     

Corrected Sum Rule, Generalized Virial Identity and Elementary Excitation Spectrum of Bose–Einstein Condensates at Any Trapped Atom Number

Using a corrected sum rule and a generalized virial identity, we study the analytical expression for entire modes of the collective elementary excitation spectrum in a trapped Bose–Einstein condensate at any atom number. Explicit analytical formulas for the spectrum are obtained for the harmonic traps with both spherical symmetry and axial symmetry using the gaussian approximation for the N-body ground-state wave function of the condensate. These formulas give the simple dependence of all energy levels on the atom numbers, their interaction strength and trap geometry parameters.     

Glycoconjugated polymer 6. Synthesis of poly[styrene-<Emphasis Type="Italic">block</Emphasis>-(styrene-<Emphasis Type="Italic">graft</Emphasis>-amylose)] via potato phosphorylase-catalyzed polymerization

Summary The potato phosphorylase-catalyzed polymerization of α-D-glucose-1-phosphate (G-1-P) onto poly[styrene-block-(4-vinylbenzyl maltohexaoside)] (1) was performed at the molar ratios of [G-l-P]₀ and [maltohexaose]₀ of 35, 80, and 250. The product was found to be soluble in dimethyl sulfoxide, which was a good solvent for amylose, and showed the complex-formation with iodine, indicating that the product was assignable to poly[styrene-block-(styrene-graft-amylose)] (2). The quantitative analysis of the liberated phosphoric acid gave the average degree of polymerization o f the glucose unit (n) as 27, 5 1, and 180 for 2-I, 2-II, and 2-III, respectively. Received: 29 November 2002/Accepted: 22 December 2002 Correspondence to Toyoji Kakuchi