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101.
Jonghyun Oh Kewei Liu Tim Medina Francis Kralick Hongseok Noh 《Microsystem Technologies》2014,20(6):1169-1179
We present a microfabricated 10 by 10 array of microneedles for the treatment of a neurological disease called communicating hydrocephalus. Together with the previously reported microvalve array, the current implantable microneedle array completes the microfabricated arachnoid granulations (MAGs) that mimic the function of normal arachnoid granulations. The microneedle array was designed to enable the fixation of the MAGs through dura mater membrane in the brain and thus provide a conduit for the flow of cerebrospinal fluid. Cone-shaped microneedles with hollow channels were fabricated using a series of microfabrication techniques: SU-8 photolithography for tapered geometry, reactive ion etching for sharpening the microneedles, 248 nm deep UV excimer laser machining for creating through-hole inside the microneedles, and metal sputtering for improved rigidity. Puncture tests were conducted using porcine dura mater and the results showed that the fabricated microneedle array is strong enough to pierce the dura mater. The in vitro biocompatibility test result showed that none of the 100 outlets of the microneedles exposed to the bloodstream were clogged significantly by blood cells. We believe that these test results demonstrate the potential use of the microneedle array as a new treatment of hydrocephalus. 相似文献
102.
Dong Won Cho Young Hae Lee Tae Youn Lee Mitsuo Gen 《Journal of Intelligent Manufacturing》2014,25(5):1025-1042
In this paper we propose an adaptive genetic algorithm that produces good quality solutions to the time dependent inventory routing problem (TDIRP) in which inventory control and time dependent vehicle routing decisions for a set of retailers are made simultaneously over a specific planning horizon. This work is motivated by the effect of dynamic traffic conditions in an urban context and the resulting inventory and transportation costs. We provide a mixed integer programming formulation for TDIRP. Since finding the optimal solutions for TDIRP is a NP-hard problem, an adaptive genetic algorithm is applied. We develop new genetic representation and design suitable crossover and mutation operators for the improvement phase. We use adaptive genetic operator proposed by Yun and Gen (Fuzzy Optim Decis Mak 2(2):161–175, 2003) for the automatic setting of the genetic parameter values. The comparison of results shows the significance of the designed AGA and demonstrates the capability of reaching solutions within 0.5 % of the optimum on sets of test problems. 相似文献
103.
A model representing the wet-end section of a paper mill has been developed to characterize its dynamic behavior during the
grade change. The model is based on the mass balance relationships written for the simplified wetend white water network.
From the linearization of the dynamic model, higher-order Laplace transfer functions were obtained followed by the reduction
procedure to give simple lower-order models in the form of 1st-order or 2nd-order plus dead times. The dynamic response of the wet-end is influenced both by the white water volume and by the level
of wire retention. Effects of key manipulated variables such as the thick stock flow rate, the ash flow rate and the retention
aid flow rate on the major controlled variables were analyzed by numerical simulations. The simple dynamic model developed
in the present study can be effectively used in the operation and control.
This paper is dedicated to Professor Se Ki Moon on the occasion of his retirement from Hanyang University. 相似文献
104.
Seon Jeong Kim Seoung Gil Yoon Young Moo Lee Kay Hyeok An Sun I. Kim 《应用聚合物科学杂志》2003,90(5):1389-1392
Temperature‐responsive interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) hydrogels constructed with poly(vinyl alcohol) and poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) using the sequential IPN method were studied. The characteristics of IPN hydrogels were investigated using the dynamic vapor sorption system. IPN hydrogels exhibited a relatively high sorption ratio, 180–360% at room temperature. The sorption ratio of hydrogels depended on temperature. Diffusion coefficients were calculated according to the Fickian Law at several temperatures. The apparent activation energy was 5.43 kJ mol?1, which corresponds to typical diffusion processes. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 90: 1389–1392, 2003 相似文献
105.
Boo Young Shin Sang Hee Jang In Jae Chung Bong Shik Kim 《Polymer Engineering and Science》1992,32(1):73-79
Two thermotropic liquid crystalline polyesters (TLCPs) with long flexible spacer groups in the main chain were prepared by melt polymerization: one was a homopolymer with only decane groups (LCPHO) and the other was a copolymer with hexane or decane groups (LCPCO) between mesogen units. These polyesters were blended with a matrix polymer of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed the excellent interfacial adhesion between polyester and PET, and the large aspect ratio of polyester microfibrils in the blend fiber made by extruding and drawing the blend through a die. The aspect ratio was estimated by using the modified Halpin-Tsai equation. The fiber with LCPHO showed more extensive fibril formation than that with LCPCO. 相似文献
106.
Pieter Coenen Margriet Formanoy Marjolein Douwes Tim Bosch Heleen de Kraker 《Applied ergonomics》2014
Exposure to mechanical vibrations at work (e.g., due to handling powered tools) is a potential occupational risk as it may cause upper extremity complaints. However, reliable and valid assessment methods for vibration exposure at work are lacking. Measuring hand-arm vibration objectively is often difficult and expensive, while often used information provided by manufacturers lacks detail. Therefore, a subjective hand-arm vibration assessment method was tested on validity and inter-observer reliability. 相似文献
107.
A pilot-scale sludge treatment plant was built to investigate the feasibility of ozonation processes for waste activated sludge treatment. Ozonation of wastewater sludge resulted in mass reduction by mineralization as well as by supernatant and filtrate recycle. Another advantage of sludge ozonation is a significant improvement of settleability and dewaterability. Experimental results showed that mass reduction of 70% and volume reduction of 85% compared with the control sludge was achieved through the sludge ozonation at a dose of 0.5?gO3/gDS. It is also interesting to note that the filterability deteriorates up to ozone dose of 0.2?gO3/gDS and then improves considerably at a higher ozone dose. The filterability could be improved by chemical conditioning even at a low ozone dose. The economic feasibility by cost analysis reveals that ozonation processes can be more economical than other alternative processes for sludge treatment and disposal at small-sized wastewater treatment plants. 相似文献
108.
Do‐Hung Han Jae‐Hyuk Jang Hye‐Young Kim Byung‐Nam Kim Boo‐Young Shin 《Polymer Engineering and Science》2006,46(4):431-437
The high melt viscosity of polypropylene was studied by grafting bifunctional monomers, 1,6‐hexanediol diacrylate (HDDA) and tripropylene glycol diacrylate (TPGDA), onto homopolypropylene (HPP) and random ter‐polypropylene (RTPP) under electron‐beam irradiation. Creation of the high‐melt‐viscosity polypropylene was possible at low radiation dosage and low monomer content, under a prohibition of both radiation degradation and homopolymerization. TPGDA monomer was more effective in increasing the melt viscosity of HPP compared with RTPP, whereas HDDA monomer was more effective for enhancing the melt viscosity of RTPP. Such different effects of monomers on melt viscosity may arise from different monomer structures, namely, TPGDA has additional three methyl groups, but HDDA has no methyl groups. Electron‐beam radiation technology, on an increase of the melt viscosity, was much more effective in HPP than RTPP, when compared with virgin polymers. Modified RTPP and HPP with high melt viscosity were capable of foaming with numerous fine cells, of which the modified HPP with 1.5 mmol TPGDA and 0.5 kGy could create more spherical foam cells and its bending strength was 1.5 times more than that of the foamed RTPP. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 46:431–437, 2006. © 2006 Society of Plastics Engineers. 相似文献
109.
The dependent deformations and evidence of structural changes were measured on pastes of C3S containing CaCl2, and on pastes of C3S or a C3S/C2S blend cured at 65°C. It was concluded that the addition of CaCl2 enhances the role of the “pore component” in controlling irreversible strains even when well-hydrated pastes are dried. The formation of ore stable CSH at 65°C can explain the reduction in time-dependent deformations observed for these pastes. Even though a change in pore size distribution occurs at 65°C, it is not considered to affect irreversible strains in well-hydrated pastes. 相似文献
110.
Multifunctional monomers, m‐xylylenedimaleimide, p‐phenylenedimaleimide, m‐phenylenedimaleimide, and p‐phenylenedinadimide, all of which have maleimide groups, were synthesized to increase thermal and radiation stabilities. The synthesized multifunctional monomers showed good compatibility with low‐density polyethylene (LDPE). Mixtures of LDPE and these multifunctional monomers were irradiated with γ‐rays from a Co‐60 source at room temperature in a nitrogen atmosphere. The absorbed dose ranged from 0 to 160 KGy. Among these multifunctional monomers, m‐xylylenedimaleimide was the best in gel fraction enhancement. Crosslinked LDPE with m‐xylylenedimaleimide displayed a higher modulus than that of crosslinked LDPE with triallyl cyanurate. For the elongation property, LDPE with m‐xylylenedimaleimide as a multifunctional monomer showed better results than that with commercial multifunctional monomers such as triallyl cyanurate (TAC) and trimethylol propane triacrylate (TMPTA). © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 88: 2339–2345, 2003 相似文献