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101.
当今时代最大的环境挑战是城市和建筑对化石燃料的依赖,以及对能源、土地、水和食品安全日益增长的需求。在这一背景下,城市需向更可持续的城镇化模式转变,建筑和城市规划在这一过程中发挥主要作用。为此提出了15项绿色城市法则,以应对现存街区、区域和城市转型的挑战,并对中国低碳或无碳的未来进行了展望。 相似文献
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Maria Teresa Vietri Giovanna DElia Gemma Caliendo Marianna Resse Amelia Casamassimi Luana Passariello Luisa Albanese Michele Cioffi Anna Maria Molinari 《International journal of molecular sciences》2021,22(7)
Prostate cancer (PCa) is globally the second most diagnosed cancer type and the most common cause of cancer-related deaths in men. Family history of PCa, hereditary breast and ovarian cancer (HBOC) and Lynch syndromes (LS), are among the most important risk factors compared to age, race, ethnicity and environmental factors for PCa development. Hereditary prostate cancer (HPCa) has the highest heritability of any major cancer in men. The proportion of PCa attributable to hereditary factors has been estimated in the range of 5–15%. To date, the genes more consistently associated to HPCa susceptibility include mismatch repair (MMR) genes (MLH1, MSH2, MSH6, and PMS2) and homologous recombination genes (BRCA1/2, ATM, PALB2, CHEK2). Additional genes are also recommended to be integrated into specific research, including HOXB13, BRP1 and NSB1. Importantly, BRCA1/BRCA2 and ATM mutated patients potentially benefit from Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase PARP inhibitors, through a mechanism of synthetic lethality, causing selective tumor cell cytotoxicity in cell lines. Moreover, the detection of germline alterations in MMR genes has therapeutic implications, as it may help to predict immunotherapy benefits. Here, we discuss the current knowledge of the genetic basis for inherited predisposition to PCa, the potential target therapy, and the role of active surveillance as a management strategy for patients with low-risk PCa. Finally, the current PCa guideline recommendations are reviewed. 相似文献
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Applications of an oak extract on Petit Verdot grapevines. Influence on grape and wine volatile compounds 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Ana M. Martínez-Gil Teresa Garde-CerdánAmaya Zalacain Ana I. Pardo-GarcíaM. Rosario Salinas 《Food chemistry》2012
Petit Verdot vineyards were treated at veraison with a commercial aqueous French oak extract in order to determine if the extract’s volatile components can be transferred to grapes and then to wines. Three different formulations (25% (one application), 25% (four applications) and 100%) were tested, together with an eugenol and guaiacol standard solution to better follow their behaviour. The volatile compounds of treated grapes and their wines after alcoholic and malolactic fermentation and after 8 months were analysed by stir bar sorptive extraction and gas chromatography mass spectrometry (SBSE-GC–MS). The results showed that the grapes stored the volatile compounds mainly as non-volatile precursors, and some of these were released after winemaking. In the case of wines, it was possible to distinguish the control versus the ones from vineyard treatments. The different oak extract applications were evident only after alcoholic fermentation sampling, making it very interesting for young wines. 相似文献
106.
Ana Rita Otrelo-Cardoso Márcia Alexandra da Silva Correia Viola Schwuchow Dmitri I. Svergun Maria Jo?o Rom?o Silke Leimkühler Teresa Santos-Silva 《International journal of molecular sciences》2014,15(2):2223-2236
The periplasmic aldehyde oxidoreductase PaoABC from Escherichia coli is a molybdenum enzyme involved in detoxification of aldehydes in the cell. It is an example of an αβγ heterotrimeric enzyme of the xanthine oxidase family of enzymes which does not dimerize via its molybdenum cofactor binding domain. In order to structurally characterize PaoABC, X-ray crystallography and small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) have been carried out. The protein crystallizes in the presence of 20% (w/v) polyethylene glycol 3350 using the hanging-drop vapour diffusion method. Although crystals were initially twinned, several experiments were done to overcome twinning and lowering the crystallization temperature (293 K to 277 K) was the solution to the problem. The non-twinned crystals used to solve the structure diffract X-rays to beyond 1.80 Å and belong to the C2 space group, with cell parameters a = 109.42 Å, b = 78.08 Å, c = 151.77 Å, β = 99.77°, and one molecule in the asymmetric unit. A molecular replacement solution was found for each subunit separately, using several proteins as search models. SAXS data of PaoABC were also collected showing that, in solution, the protein is also an αβγ heterotrimer. 相似文献
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Sónia Simões Filomena Viana Mustafa Koçak A. Sofia Ramos M. Teresa Vieira Manuel F. Vieira 《Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance》2012,21(5):678-682
In this article, the characterization of the interfacial structure of diffusion bonding a TiAl alloy is presented. The joining
surfaces were modified by Ni/Al reactive multilayer deposition as an alternative approach to conventional diffusion bonding.
TiAl substrates were coated with alternated Ni and Al nanolayers. The nanolayers were deposited by dc magnetron sputtering
with 14 nm of period (bilayer thickness). Joining experiments were performed at 900 °C for 30 and 60 min with a pressure of
5 MPa. Cross sections of the joints were prepared for characterization of their interfaces by scanning electron microscopy
(SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM), high resolution TEM (HRTEM),
energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD). Several intermetallic compounds form
at the interface, assuring the bonding of the TiAl. The interface can be divided into three distinct zones: zone 1 exhibits
elongated nanograins, very small equiaxed grains are observed in zone 2, while zone 3 has larger equiaxed grains. EBSD analysis
reveals that zone 1 corresponds to the intermetallic Al2NiTi and AlNiTi, and zones 2 and 3 to NiAl. 相似文献
109.
Joana Barbosa Teresa R. S. Brandão Paula Teixeira 《International Journal of Food Science & Technology》2017,52(9):1951-1958
This work aimed to develop an orange juice powder by spray drying with lactic acid bacteria (Lactobacillus plantarum 299v and Pediococcus acidilactici HA‐6111‐2), testing their survival both during drying and storage (room temperature and 4 °C). Initially, the best conditions for spray drying were chosen to allow the best survival of each LAB: (i) inlet air temperature of 120 °C and (ii) 0.5:2 ratio of the orange juice soluble solids and drying agent added (prebiotics: 10 DE maltodextrin or gum Arabic). Survival of LAB was not affected by drying process, and it was higher when cultures were stored at 4 °C. A slightly higher protection was conferred by 10 DE maltodextrin, in the case of L. plantarum and at 4 °C. Pediococcus acidilactici was more resistant during storage at 4 °C, with logarithmic reductions lower than 1 log‐unit. It was demonstrated that it is possible to produce a functional nondairy product, orange juice powder supplemented with prebiotic compounds, containing viable LAB for at least 7 months, when stored at 4 °C. 相似文献
110.
Felix Schubert Steffen Wirth Friederike Zimmermann Johannes Heitmann Thomas Mikolajick 《Science and Technology of Advanced Materials》2016,17(1):239-243
Growth conditions have a tremendous impact on the unintentional background impurity concentration in gallium nitride (GaN) synthesized by molecular beam epitaxy and its resulting chemical and physical properties. In particular for oxygen identified as the dominant background impurity we demonstrate that under optimized growth stoichiometry the growth temperature is the key parameter to control its incorporation and that an increase by 55?°C leads to an oxygen reduction by one order of magnitude. Quantitatively this reduction and the resulting optical and electrical properties are analyzed by secondary ion mass spectroscopy, photoluminescence, capacitance versus voltage measurements, low temperature magneto-transport and parasitic current paths in lateral transistor test structures based on two-dimensional electron gases. At a growth temperature of 665?°C the residual charge carrier concentration is decreased to below 1015 cm?3, resulting in insulating behavior and thus making the material suitable for beyond state-of-the-art device applications. 相似文献