Analysis of Field Orientation Control of Current Source Inverter Drive Induction Motor Systems

The field orientation control of current source inverter (CSI) drive induction motor (IM) systems has been known to give an induction motor dc motorlike characteristics. As a result of an analysis, the characteristic of these systems does not necessarily coincide with that of dc motor systems, especially with light loads. The result of the analysis is verified by experiments.     

FEM-aided identification of gauge factors of unidirectional CFRP through multi-point potential measurements

Carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) has electrical conductivity in both the parallel and transverse directions of the fiber. Because an electrical network may be changed with the applied strain, the electrical conductivity of the CFRP will also be changed for the piezoresistivity. Strain monitoring of CFRP can therefore be conducted, not by using an additional sensor, but by measuring the change in electrical resistance. There have been many studies on the gauge factors of unidirectional CFRPs, although significant mutual differences have been determined in the results reported. It is thought that the differences may be caused by the strong electrical anisotropy and inhomogeneity of the unidirectional CFRP. In this study, a new concept was introduced to precisely measure the gauge factors of a unidirectional CFRP. A finite element analysis was utilized to take into consideration a non-uniform electrical potential field in a unidirectional CFRP. The gauge factors were obtained as a result of minimizing the error sum of the squares of the electrical potentials between the experimental and analytical results. The gauge factor in the fiber direction was affected by this factor in the thickness direction depending on the specimen configuration. The results of the finite element analysis showed the possibility of a unidirectional CFRP showing both positive and negative gauge factors in the fiber direction.     

Ozonation of cholesterol in the presence of ethanol: Identification of a cytotoxic ethoxyhydroperoxide molecule

Cholesterol ozonation was carried out in ethanol-containing aqueous or nonaqueous solvent, and the ozonized products were analyzed by chemiluminescence detection-HPLC with on-line electrospray MS (HPLC-CL-MS) and characterized on the basis of NMR and FABMS. After the ozonolysis of cholesterol in water/ethanol (aqueous system) as well as in chloroform/ethanol (nonaqueous system), a unique ethoxyhydroperoxide molecule (7α-ethoxy-3β-hydroxy-5α-B-homo-6-oxacholestane-5-hydroperoxide, termed “7α-ethoxy-5-OOH”) appeared as main ozonation product. In addition to structural analysis, we confirmed the remarkable cytotoxicity of 7α-ethoxy-5-OOH toward human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells and found that its cytotoxicity is superior to that of the commonly known autoxidized cholesterol (3β-hydroxycholest-5-ene-7-one). Hence, 7α-ethoxy-5-OOH is a toxic molecule of primary importance, arising during cholesterol ozonation in the presence of ethanol.     

Preparation of Polyacetylenes via Organometallic C-C Coupling Reactions

Summary Dehalogenative polycondensation of 1,2-dibromoethylene, trans-1,2-dichloroethylene, and cis-1,2-dichloroethylene with a Ni(0) complex gave a black polymer whose IR spectrum essentially agreed with that of trans-polyacetylene. Suzuki-Miyaura coupling between 1,2-dibromoethylene and vinylene diboronic compounds was applied to synthesis of -conjugated polymers.     

一种基于低温多晶硅TFT技术的柔性8位异步微处理器

介绍基于低温多晶硅TFT技术和采用激光退火表面刻蚀技术的柔性8位异步微处理器,并且给出了异步电路描述语言Verilog 。32,000个晶体管的微处理器在500kHz,5V的条件下消耗电流180mA,功耗是同步微处理器的30%。     

Electron microscopy of pathogenic yeasts Cryptococcus neoformans and Exophiala dermatitidis by high-pressure freezing

A high-pressure freezing method was used to observe the ultrastructure of pathogenic yeasts, Cryptococcus neoformans and Exophiala dermatitidis, after freeze-substitution and ultrathin sectioning. The method well preserved the cell structure in its natural state, since the capsule, cell wall, plasma membrane, nucleus, outer and inner nuclear membranes, nuclear pores, nucleolus, mitochondria, mitochondrial membrane and cristae, vacuoles, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, spindle pole body, ribosomes, lipid droplets, microtubules, actin filaments, and glycogen granules were clearly visible. The method was shown to freeze cells as deep as 0.1 mm by sectioning the sample perpendicular to specimen surface. The quality of the cell image was similar to that obtained by a rapid freezing method when compared using the same materials. Thus, high-pressure freezing would be useful for making serial ultrathin sections for three-dimensional analysis of cells, which should give basic information of structure and function of pathogenic yeast cells necessary for finding an effective therapy for mycoses.     

Shape-controlled synthesis of hydroxyapatite from α-tricalcium bis(orthophosphate) in organic-aqueous binary systems

Hydrolyses of -tricalcium bis(orthophosphate) Ca₃(PO₄)₂ (-TCP) were carried out in a heterogeneous solvent system (hydrophobic organic solvent-water). The hydroxyapatites (HAp) formed were deficient in calcium (Ca/P = 1.56–1.61, a-axis = 0.9440 nm, c-axis = 0.6880 nm) and contained acid phosphate (and sometimes carbonate depending on the organic solvent used). The HAp was in the form of needles with a length (1–4 m) that depended on the polarity of the hydrophobic organic solvent. The aspect ratio was highest in 1-octanol with a polarity of E _T = 48.3. On the other hand, in a hydrophobic organic solvent system without OH groups such as n-octane (E _T = 31.1), HAp formed fine particles that are similar to HAp prepared in a system without an organic solvent. Thus, hydrophobicity and OH groups of organic solvents affect the crystal growth of HAp.     

Characteristic response of plastic track detectors to 40-80 MeV neutrons

This paper investigates the characteristic response of plastic track detectors to high-energy neutrons. Three types of plastic nuclear track detector (PNTD), Baryotrak made of pure CR-39, TD-1 made of CR-39 containing an antioxidant and TNF-1 made of a copolymer of CR-39/N-isopropylacrylamide, were exposed in quasi-monoenergetic neutron fields generated by p-Li reactions. The total efficiencies for TD-1 and TNF-1 were more than double and triple that of Baryotrak respectively. In addition, the species of particles were classitied into three groups, i.e. proton relatives, alpha particles and heavy ions, by analysing the etch-pit growth curve obtained by step-by-step etching. In a 65 MeV neutron field about half of the tracks recorded in pure CR-39 were due to heavy ions, whereas the TNF-1 detector could effectively register the protons, accounting for 70% of the tracks. The results could be explained by the difference in the sensitivity to high-energy protons.     

New method for simultaneous gas and aerosol retrievals from space limb-scanning spectral observation of the atmosphere

This study concerns the development of a new inversion method for simultaneous gas and aerosol retrievals in the upper layers of the atmosphere from limb-viewing multiwavelength-transmission infrared measurements. In this method, concentrations of gas species such as O3, NO2, HNO3, N2O, CH4, and H2O, and spectral dependences of the aerosol extinction coefficient are retrieved simultaneously. When this is done, smoothness constraints on the desired spectral dependencies of the aerosol extinction coefficient are used as an a priori assumption. The method is used in the treating of synthetic transmission spectra of the Improved Limb Atmospheric Spectrometer, which is based on the solar occultation technique and was on board the Advanced Earth Observing Satellite. A set of numerical tests shows the efficiency of the method.     

Performance Analysis of Reassembly and Multiplexing Queueing with Long-Range-Dependent Input Traffic

This paper studies the impact of long-range-dependent (LRD) traffic on the performance of reassembly and multiplexing queueing. A queueing model characterizing the general reassembly and multiplexing operations performed in packet networks is developed and analyzed. The buffer overflow probabilities for both reassembly and multiplexing queues are derived by extending renewal analysis and Bene fluid queue analysis, respectively. Tight upper and lower bounds of the frame loss probabilities are also analyzed and obtained. Our analysis is not based on existing asymptotic methods, and it provides new insights regarding the practical impact of LRD traffic. For the reassembly queue, the results show that LRD traffic and conventional Markov traffic yield similar queueing behavior. For the multiplexing queue, the results show that the LRD traffic has a significant impact on the buffer requirement when the target loss probability is small, including for practical ranges of buffer size or maximum delay.