Potential early markers of carcinogenesis in the mucosa of the head and neck using exfoliative cytology

Patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) who are thought to be cured are at high risk of development of a secondary primary tumour in the mucosa of the upper aerodigestive tract and the lungs. This phenomenon is in agreement with the concept of 'field cancerization', which implies that the whole mucosa is potentially condemned to the development of neoplasia. The hypothesis advanced in this study was that early markers of carcinogenesis should therefore be present in all cells of the mucosa of patients with HNSCC. The expression of cytokeratin 16, cytokeratin 19, and histo-blood group antigen H (ABH), type 2 chain was analysed by means of immunocytochemistry on exfoliated cells taken from six sites of the upper aerodigestive tract of the 'healthy' mucosa of previously untreated HNSCC patients (n = 25) and controls (n = 10). Statistically significant differences were found in the mucosal expression of these markers between patients and controls. Since no overlap in ABH type 2 chain expression existed between patients and controls and the expression between sites in a given individual was highly correlated, this marker was considered the most promising of those tested. These data suggest that cytokeratin 16, cytokeratin 19, and ABH type 2 chain are markers of field cancerization in easily available exfoliated cells, which may be applied to monitor and/or predict the occurrence of second primary tumours.     

Panel attrition and external validity in adolescent substance use research.

Panel attrition threatens external validity in adolescent substance use research. A 7-yr adolescent panel was examined to determine whether attrition effects varied by (1) type of substance assessed and (2) method of measurement and type of statistical analysis. Chi-squares and multivariate analyses of variance (MANOVAs) revealed that study dropouts were more likely to use substances and reported higher mean use of substances at baseline than stayers; attrition effects varied by substance; and mean use comparisons were more likely to detect attrition effects than use–nonuse comparisons. Implications of these findings for adolescent substance use research are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Primary extranodal non-Hodgkin lymphoma of the oral cavity. An analysis of 34 cases

A case of macroglossia and resulting apertognathia because of primary amyloidosis in a 65-year-old man with multiple myeloma is described. In addition, a retrospective study of the oral manifestations of primary amyloidosis and multiple myeloma in the last 15 years is reported.     

An Analytically Defined Fire‐Suppressing Foam Formulation for Evaluation of Fluorosurfactant Replacement

A 4‐component, analytically defined, reference fluorosurfactant formulation (Ref‐aqueous film forming foam [AFFF]) composed of 0.3% fluorocarbon‐surfactant concentrate (Capstone 1157), 0.2% hydrocarbon‐surfactant concentrate (Glucopon 215 UP), and 0.5% diethylene glycol mono butyl ether by volume in distilled water was found to have rapid fire extinction comparable to a commercial AFFF in tests conducted on a bench scale and a large scale (28 ft², part of US Military Specification, MIL‐F‐24385F). The Ref‐AFFF was analytically characterized to provide the identity and quantity of the chemical structures of the surfactant molecules that were lacking for commercial AFFF formulations. To arrive at an acceptable Ref‐AFFF formulation, 3 candidate formulations containing different hydrocarbon surfactants in varying amounts were evaluated and ranked relative to a commercial AFFF using a bench‐scale fire‐extinction apparatus; varying the hydrocarbon surfactant was found to affect the fire‐extinction time. The ranking was confirmed by the large‐scale tests suggesting that the bench‐scale apparatus is a reasonable research tool for identifying surfactants likely to succeed in the large‐scale test. In the future, replacing the fluorocarbon surfactant with an alternative surfactant in the Ref‐AFFF enables a direct comparison of fire extinction and environmental impact to identify an acceptable fluorine‐free formulation.     

Synthesis and characterization of melt-polymerizable aminophthalocyanine monomers

The strategy, synthesis, and characterization of a soluble amine-functionalized phthalocyanine monomer and two examples of its polymerization into optically transparent glasses are reported. A simple, fast, and versatile method for incorporating metal ions into the metal-free phthalocyanine is demonstrated. Measurements of the nonlinear optical properties associated with a lead-substituted phthalocyanine/urethane copolymer are also reported. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

1 This article is a US Government work and, as such, is in the public domain in the United States of America.

     

EQUILIBRIUM RELATIONSHIPS ON THE LIQUIDUS SURFACE IN PART OF THE MnO-Al2O3-SiO2 SYSTEM*

The minerals found to have a stability range on the liquidus surface in the system MnO-Al₂O₃-SiO₂ are cristobalite and tridymite, SiO₂; mullite, 3Al₂O₃. 2SiO₂; corundum, Al₂O₃; rhodonite, MnO.SiO₂; tephroite, 2MnO.SiO₂; galaxite, MnO.Al₂O₃; spessartite, 3MnO.Al₂O₃.3SiO₂; and a new compound, 2MnO.2Al₂O₃.5SiO₂. The quintuple points and boundary lines found in that part of the MnO.Al₂O₃.SiO₂ system bounded by the systems 3MnO.Al₂O₃.3SiO₂-SiO₂, 3MnO.Al₂O₃.3SiO₂-Al₂O₃, and Al₂O₃-SiO₂have been determined. Quintuple points and boundary lines involving the area inclosed by the systems 2MnO . SiO₂-3MnO . Al₂O₃ . 3SiO₂, 3MnO . Al₂O₃ . 3SiO₂-SiO₂, and 2MnO.-SiO₂-SiO₂ are indicated. Isotherms and isofracts (lines of equal refractive index) are given for the portion of the system investigated. X-ray data show that crystals of the compound 3MnO.Al₂O₃.3SiO₂ have the same structure as the garnet mineral spessartite (manganese garnet). The compound 2MnO. 2Al₂O₃ . 5SiO₂, which is shown by X-ray data to have a basic structure similar to cordierite, 2MgO.2Al₂O₃.5SiO₂, seldom crystallizes from the glass, but a third substance which has a high extinction angle crystallizes readily from the reheated glass. These high extinction angle crystals are replaced by 2MnO .2Al₂O₃.5SiO₂ when a proper heating cycle is employed, and they are not found again until the product is melted and crystallization is repeated.     

A simple method for the removal of thiols on gold surfaces using an NH4OH-H2O2-H2O solution

The removal behavior of self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of thiol molecules on a gold substrate by an NH(4)OH-H(2)O(2)-H(2)O solution was studied using attenuated total reflectance infrared spectroscopy (ATR-IR) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Furthermore, the impact of the concentration of NH(4)OH and H(2)O(2) in the solution and reaction temperature on the SAM removal rate and efficiency was explored. The SAM removal rate and efficiency were significantly influenced by the concentration of NH(4)OH rather than H(2)O(2). The solution containing the 2 : 1 molar ratio of NH(4)OH : H(2)O(2) among three different solutions showed the highest removal rate and efficiency in the removal of 11-mercapto-1-undecanol. The increase in the reaction temperature resulted in the enhancement on the SAM removal rate, but it led to the fast delamination of the gold layer. These results may be useful in the regeneration of sensor surfaces relying on gold/thiol chemistry.     

酿酒酵母胞内代谢关键酶对乙醇的耐受性

分别添加2%、4%、6%、8%乙醇的酵母细胞糖酵解途径和三羧酸循环中葡萄糖-6-磷酸脱氢酶、丙酮酸激酶、异柠檬酸脱氢酶、苹果酸脱氢酶、乙醇脱氢酶、异柠檬酸裂解酶活力等关键代谢节点处的酶活力,以期考查关键酶对酒精的耐受性。实验结果表明,葡萄糖-6-磷酸脱氢酶对酒精的耐受能力较强,添加8%乙醇时的酶活力较无乙醇时提高23.65%;丙酮酸激酶、异柠檬酸脱氢酶和乙醇脱氢酶表现出对酒精的耐受力较差,丙酮酸激酶和乙醇脱氢酶在添加2%乙醇时的酶活力较无乙醇时分别降低77.7%和62.72%,异柠檬酸脱氢酶在添加8%乙醇时的酶活力仅为0.003U;苹果酸脱氢酶和异柠檬酸裂解酶表现出对酒精良好的耐受性,在添加8%乙醇时的酶活力较无乙醇时分别提高256.25%和276.16%。