原油加剂强化蒸馏的研究进展

为了提高轻质油收率,解决石油市场的供需矛盾,人们提出并开发了原油强化蒸馏技术。为此,介绍了加剂强化蒸馏作用机理,归纳了活化剂的设计原则和主要成分,通过对原油强化蒸馏的实验研究和工业应用的总结,指出了其目前存在的问题,并对原油强化蒸馏今后的发展提出一些建议。     

低滤失液体系完善与降滤失工艺研究

针对于缝洞型碳酸盐岩储层,酸化压裂改造工艺已经成为重要的增储上产措施。而压裂液的滤失,极大的影响了酸化压裂的整体效果。进一步优化和完善酸化压裂注入液体系,对提高酸化压裂效果显得更为重要。通过调整稠化剂及交联剂分子结构以及优化体系配方,解决了交联酸酸液体系稳定性问题,实现深度酸压提供技术保障。分析了硅粉、淀粉和分散液三种暂堵降滤失剂的优缺点,提出了暂堵降滤失剂物理、和化学要求,采用可降解合成高分子颗粒材料将达到良好暂堵滤失效果。并结合研究区碳酸盐岩储层温度特点及压裂工艺的需求,通过现场试验,完成了120~160℃高温压裂液配方体系。     

活性炭对丁酮的吸附动力学研究

研究了2种活性炭（木质活性炭和煤质活性炭）对丁酮的吸附,重点考察了活性炭的吸附时间、吸附温度和丁酮载气流量对丁酮吸附的影响,并用准一级、准二级、Elovich和Bangham 4种动力学模型对活性炭在不同温度条件下对丁酮的吸附行为进行了动力学拟合,确定其动力学吸附模型。实验表明：不同的活性炭对丁酮的吸附过程不同;活性炭对丁酮的吸附是一个吸附和解吸同时存在的过程,当吸附速率和解吸速率相等时,该过程达到吸附平衡;随着吸附温度的升高,活性炭对丁酮的饱和吸附量逐渐降低,说明活性炭对丁酮的吸附过程为放热反应;丁酮载气流量对活性炭吸附丁酮达到饱和的时间以及吸附速率有影响,对AC-1的最终饱和吸附量影响显著,对AC-2的最终饱和吸附量没有显著影响。这2种活性炭吸附丁酮最适宜的吸附温度均为303 K,最佳的载气流量为400 mL/min。在不同温度下对活性炭吸附丁酮的过程进行动力学分析,发现Bangham方程计算得到的相关系数R²大于0.99,因此,活性炭对丁酮的吸附动力学方程符合Bangham动力学方程。     

海藻糖及保存设备对猪全血冷藏品质的影响

血液的长期保存有着重要的应用价值和理论意义。以猪全血为研究对象,将其保存于含不同浓度（0.05、0.25和0.50 mol·L⁻¹）海藻糖的血液保存液Ⅲ（CPDA）和不同保存设备中,并对猪全血的保存品质进行了评价。保存期间,每4天测量1次血液的pH、红细胞总数（RBC）、平均红细胞血红蛋白含量（MCH）、红细胞比容（HCT）、平均红细胞体积（MCV）、白细胞总数（WBC）、游离血红蛋白（FHb）、溶血率。结果表明,0.05 mol·L⁻¹海藻糖延缓了红细胞、白细胞的凋亡速度以及红细胞的形变速度,降低了血液的溶血速度,使血液得到了更好的保存,海藻糖浓度过高反而会对血液的保存产生不利的影响。此外,与冰箱相比,恒温槽中的温度更为稳定,使得血液的保存效果明显提升。     

Development of heat storage gypsum board with paraffin-based mixed SSPCM for application to buildings

Latent heat thermal energy storage using phase change materials (PCMs) is considered to be the method with the most potential to solve the energy shortage problem. In this study, paraffin-based mixed shape-stabilized PCM (SSPCM) (PBMS) was made by vacuum impregnation method. The prepared PBMS was added to gypsum powder as a fine aggregate. In the experiment, the n-hexadecane and n-octadecane was used as the PCM and the materials have latent heat capacities of 254.7 and 247.6 J/g, and melting points of 20.84 and 30.4 °C, respectively. The PBMS was prepared by an impregnation method in a vacuum, following the manufacturing process. The physical and thermal properties of the PBMS gypsum board were analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FTIS), differential scanning calorimetry, enthalpy analysis, and thermogravimetric analysis. From the Fourier transform infrared analysis, PBMS could be maintained in the structure of the gypsum board due to its physical rather than chemical bonding. From the specific heat and enthalpy analysis, the PBMS has high enthalpy and thermal inertia property. In addition, the gypsum board with PBMS has high latent heat capacity and high thermal efficiency.     

直接甲醇燃料电池用新型质子交换膜的研究

以聚醚醚酮(PEEK)为原料,浓硫酸为磺化剂制备了不同磺化度的磺化聚醚醚酮(SPEEK)膜,以及磺化聚醚醚酮与聚乙烯醇(PVA)、正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)、磷钨酸的复合膜.分别对膜的电导率、阻醇性能和吸水率进行了研究.随着SPEEK膜磺化度的增大,膜的电导率有所提高,然而甲醇渗透系数也增大,膜的机械强度明显降低.SPEEK膜的吸水率低于Nafion 115膜,而PVA膜的吸水率则过高.     

活性炭标准样品在市场规范中所起的重要作用

通过对活性炭标准样品在我国的发展状况进行阐述,说明了目前在我国开展活性炭标准样品研制工作的重要性,从五个不同方面说明了活性炭标准样品在规范活性炭市场中所起的重要作用,并对活性炭标准样品在国内未来的研究发展情况做了展望。     

Synthesis of amphiphilic ethyl cellulose grafting poly(acrylic acid) copolymers and their self-assembly morphologies in water

Amphiphilic ethyl cellulose (EC)-g-poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) copolymers were synthesized by atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). Firstly, ethyl cellulose macro-initiators with the degree of the 2-bromoisobutyryl substitution of 0.04 and 0.25 synthesized by the esterification of the hydroxyl groups remained in EC macromolecular chains and the 2-bromoisobutyryl bromides. Secondly, tert-butyl acrylate was polymerized by ATRP with the ethyl cellulose macro-initiator and EC-g-PtBA copolymers were prepared. Finally, the EC-g-PAA copolymers were prepared by hydrolyzing tert-butyl group of the EC-g-PtBA copolymers. The grafting copolymers were characterized by means of GPC, ¹H NMR and FTIR spectroscopies. The molecular weight of graft copolymers increased during the polymerization and the polydispersity was low. A kinetic study showed that the polymerization was first-order. Meanwhile, EC-g-PAA copolymers were self-assembled to micelles or particles with diameters of 5 nm and 100 nm in water (pH = 10) when the concentration was 1.0 mg/ml.     

亚洲原油市场在全球中的地位

分析了亚太地区的原油市场供需状况及对全球的影响,并对亚太地区未来10年的原油需求,代应和贸易作了展望。     

有机相中壳聚糖-海藻酸固定化脂酶的特性

研究了壳聚糖 海藻酸固定化脂酶在有机相反应中的稳定性与活性。考察了凝胶时间、壳聚糖浓度及壳聚糖分子质量对固定化脂酶包埋率与活性的影响 ,确定了适宜 pH值与批反应时间。同时讨论了溶剂极性和操作时间对固定化酶稳定性的影响。测定了固定化脂酶水解橄榄油反应的动力学参数。结果表明 ,壳聚糖 海藻酸聚电解质膜可提高固定化酶的包埋率与稳定性