环境·流线·空间——第三届亚洲冬季运动会综合体育馆设计特点分析

文章介绍了１９９６年２月在哈尔滨举行的第三届亚洲冬季运动会的综合体育馆。该馆是从环境分析，整体流线安排及室内外空间的处理等方面进行设计的。作者通过对环境，流线和空间的探索，总结出在设计中应着重注意的几个问题及有关的解决办法。并希望它将有益于未来体育馆的设计。     

哈尔滨近代建筑的形态母题及美学意匠1、2

本文从形态学的角度通过对哈尔滨近代建筑顶部形态（屋顶突出物和女儿墙）的细部构成的归纳、抽象，概括出其母题的基本类型；并根据统计结果，得出具有普遍性的形态母题。通过对整体关系的抽象，概括出其模式的基本类型；并根据统计结果，得出具有普遍性的关系模式；在上述定量分析的基础上，结合美学原理，对其所蕴含的美学意匠作了分析。     

Chemical (Sr,Co)-doping effect on critical current density for Dy123 melt-solidified bulks

The dilute impurity doping for CuO-chain site was found to largely improve the critical current properties of both Y123 single crystals and Y123 melt-solidified bulks in our previous study. In addition, dilute Sr-doping to Ba site is also effective for enhancement of J_c without serious decrease in T_c as in the case of dilute Zn doping for CuO₂-plane site. In the present study, we have attempted further enhancement of flux pinning force of the Dy123 melt-solidified bulk, which is essentially more promising materials than Y123, by impurity doping for Cu site in the CuO-chain and for Ba site. Although the (Sr,Co)-co-doped Dy123 melt-solidified bulks showed systematically suppressed T_c with their doping levels, high T_c's well exceeding 90 K were maintained. All the Sr-doped or Co-doped Dy123 bulks exhibited higher J_c than the undoped one. More improved J_c properties were achieved by (Sr,Co)-co-doping, suggesting that pinning potential at local regions around doped impurities become deeper by Co-doping, resulting in stronger point-defect-like pinning sites. In addition, more detailed studies on the dilute Sr-doping and the dilute (Sr,Co)-Co-doping were carried out for Y123 single crystals in order to clarify the difference between their doping effects on the J_c properties. The vortex transition field, H^*, to the disordered state in the M–H loops for the Co-doped Y123 single crystal was located at the lower field than that of the Sr-doped one, meaning that the Co ions strongly affect the vortex system compared with the Sr ions.     

Single-Component Pheromone Consisting of Bombykal in a Diurnal Hawk Moth, <Emphasis Type="Italic">Neogurelca himachala sangaica</Emphasis>

Recent work has suggested that hawk moths share pheromone components but are sexually separated by qualitative and quantitative differences in their pheromone blends. During field assays on the sex pheromones of other species, a diurnal hawk moth, Neogurelca himachala sangaica (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae), was frequently captured, but the composition of the sex pheromone of this species was not known. Analysis of hexane extracts of the pheromone glands of calling female by gas chromatography (GC) using an electroantennographic detector (EAD) revealed two components that elicited EAD responses from male moth antennae. These components were identified by their mass spectra and retention indices on two GC columns as (10E,12Z)-10,12-hexadecadienal (E10,Z12–16:Ald) and a trace of its (10E,12E)-isomer (E10,E12–16:Ald) in 98:2 ratio. In field experiments, E10,Z12–16:Ald alone attracted male moths, and addition of E10,E12–16:Ald significantly reduced the attractiveness, even at the naturally-occurring ratio. Analysis of the data using a generalized linear mixed model showed that E10,Z12–16:Ald positively contributed to attractiveness, whereas E10,E12–16:Ald did so negatively, and it was concluded that the sex pheromone of N. himachala sangaica consists solely of E10,Z12–16:Ald, bombykal. The negative effect of E10,E12–16:Ald on attractiveness could promote the species-specificity of this single-component pheromone system.     

Integration of multianalyte sensing functions on a capillary-assembled microchip: simultaneous determination of ion concentrations and enzymatic activities by a "drop-and-sip" technique

A general and simple implementation of simultaneous multiparametric sensing in a single microchip is presented by using a capillary-assembled microchip (CAs-CHIP) integrated with the plural different reagent-release capillaries (RRCs), acting as various biochemical sensors. A novel "drop-and-sip" technique of fluid handling is performed with a microliter droplet of a model sample solution containing proteases (trypsin, chymotrypsin, thrombin, elastase) and divalent cations (Ca2+, Zn2+, Mg2+) that passes through the microchannel with the aid of a micropipette as a vacuum pump, concurrently filling each RRC via capillary force. To avert the evaporation of the nanoliter sample volume in each capillary, PDMS oil is dropped on the outlet hole of the CAs-CHIP exploiting the capillary force that results in spontaneous sealing of all the RRCs. In addition, this high-speed sample introduction alleviates the possibility of protein adsorption and capillary cross-contamination, allowing a reliable and multianalyte determination of a sample containing many different proteases and divalent cations by using the fluorescence image analysis. Presented results suggested the possible application of this microchip in the field of drug discovery and systems biology.     

Cyclic voltammetry at micropipet electrodes for the study of ion-transfer kinetics at liquid/liquid interfaces

Cyclic voltammetry at micropipet electrodes is applied to the kinetic study of ion transfer at liquid/liquid interfaces. Simple and facilitated transfer of an ion that is initially present outside a tapered pipet was simulated by the finite element method, enabling complete analysis of the resulting transient cyclic voltammogram (CV) with a sigmoidal forward wave followed by a peak-shaped reverse wave. Without serious effects of uncompensated ohmic resistance and capacitive current, more parameters can be determined from a transient CV than from the steady-state counterpart obtained with a smaller pipet or at a slower scan rate. A single transient CV under kinetic limitation gives all parameters in a Butler-Volmer-type model, i.e., the formal potential, the transfer coefficient, the standard ion-transfer rate constant, k(0), and the charge of a transferring ion as well as its diffusion coefficients in both phases. Advantages of the transient approach are demonstrated experimentally for reversible, quasi-reversible and irreversible cases. With a multistep transfer mechanism, an irreversible transient CV of facilitated protamine transfer gives an apparent k(0) value of 3.5 x 10(-5) cm/s, which is the smallest k(0) value reported so far. With the largest reliable k(0) value of approximately 1 cm/s reported in the literature, an intrinsic rate of the interfacial ion transfer varies by at least 5 orders of magnitude.     

Behavior of N-methylcarbamate pesticides during refinement processing of edible oils

The following N-methylcarbamate pesticides, aldicarb, aldicarb sulfoxide, aldicarb sulfone, oxamyl, methomyl, thiodicarb, propoxur, carbofuran, carbosulfan, benfuracarb, bendiocarb, carbaryl, fenobcarb and furathiocarb, were added to soybean oil, each at 5 mg/kg(5 ppm), followed by degumming, alkali refining, bleaching and deodorization for oil refinement. Residual pesticide content in each case was determined immediately after refining. DEGUMMING: Aldicarb, aldicarb sulfoxide, aldicarb sulfone, oxamyl, thiodicarb, carbosulfan, benfuracarb were each found to decrease by as much as 70% by H(3)PO(4) treatment, this being less than 26% noted for the other pesticides. With hot water treatment, the decrease in any one pesticide was less than 52%. ALKALI REFINING: The rate of decrease varied with the pesticide, ranging from 8% to 100%. 200%NaOH were effectively brought about pesticide removal, compared to 125%NaOH. BLEACHING: Aldicarb, aldicarb sulfoxide, aldicarb sulfone, oxamyl, methomyl, thiodicarb, carbosulfan, benfuracarb, bendiocarb and furathiocarb each decreased by more than 80% with activated clay containing activated charcoal. Carbaryl decreased remarkably by this clay. Pesticide removal in all cases was at less than 30%. DEODORIZATION: 40% Furathiocarb, 14% carbosulfan, 11% benfuracarb and 3% carbofuran could still be detected subsequent to deodorization at 260 degrees C while all other pesticide amounts were too small to permit quantitative detection. Degumming with H(3)PO(4) and bleaching with activated clay caused the conversion of carbosulfan and benfuracarb into carbofuran. Carbofuran and furathiocarb may thus possibly still remain in the oil following the above 4 refinement processes.     

Effect of overhead ground wires on reduction of failure rates of surge arresters on power distribution lines

Surge arresters are sometimes damaged by lightning strokes with high energy, in spite of installation of conventional protection methods. In order to reduce the number of failures of surge arresters, we should consider another protection method, such as an increase in the withstand capability of surge arresters and installation of additional overhead ground wires. However, quantitative comparison of these methods for preventing damage to surge arresters against lightning strokes with high energy has never been performed. This paper describes the effects of additional overhead ground wires for preventing damage to surge arresters. The main results are: (1) The failure rate of surge arresters on a distribution line with two overhead ground wires is about one third of that with an overhead ground wire. (2) Installation of a second overhead ground wire six to eight spans from the end of a line reduces the failure rate of a surge arrester at the end as effectively as increasing the withstand capability by a factor of two. © 1998 Scripta Technica. Electr Eng Jpn, 122(2): 12–20, 1998     

Implementation of vibration suppression control on FWL processor

In motion or process control systems, a variety of design techniques have been proposed because of the demand for high performance. The higher performance we demand, the higher the degree of the controller becomes. The controller is generally designed by a CAD system and implemented with a microprocessor. But the microprocessor does not have enough precision to realize the results of design by the CAD system. Therefore, the system performance is degraded by finite word length (FWL) effects. To deal with FWL problems, many design methods have been considered in the signal processing field, and high‐ordered digital filters are often used. Among these methods, the implementation technique based on the state‐space realization can minimize the sensitivity to perturbation of coefficients. Noting that optimal realizations with the same transfer function are unique only up to an orthogonal similarity transformation, we must choose the realization within this class of optimal realizations. In this paper, we present an algorithm to find a state‐space realization which minimizes the frequency‐weighted sensitivity measure of the controller performance. Furthermore, we present some experimental results to verify the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm. © 1999 Scripta Technica, Electr Eng Jpn, 128(1): 45–52, 1999     

Optimal initial production control period based on a quality growth model

The initial production phase of new products or the initial installation phase of new manufacturing facilities is often unstable because of inexperienced workers and many defective products. An initial production process control, in which the defects in design, production technologies and products are fully fixed and removed, is switched to a normal process control whenever it is ready for actual mass production. This paper discusses a method of deciding the optimal initial production control period, based on a quality growth model. It is determined by the number of products with the minimum expected total quality control cost. Finally a penalty cost due to unattainable loss to the quality goal is introduced in the quality control cost: the realized stabilization level of the initial production process control is lower than the original quality objective. Numerical illustrations of the optimal policy are also presented. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.