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151.
Dong‐Won Lee Won‐Ju Cho Jun‐Kwang Song Oh‐Yun Kwon Won‐Hee Lee Chi‐Hong Park Kyung‐Eun Park Heesoo Lee Yong‐Nam Kim 《Progress in Photovoltaics: Research and Applications》2015,23(7):829-837
High‐temperature‐induced and humidity‐induced degradation behaviors were investigated through the failure analysis of encapsulated Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS) modules and non‐encapsulated CIGS cells. After being exposed to high temperature (85 °C) for 1000 h, the efficiency loss of CIGS modules and the resistivities of the aluminum‐doped zinc oxide (AZO) layer, CIGS layer, and Mo layer were slightly increased. After damp heat (DH) testing (85 °C/85% RH), the efficiency of some modules decreased significantly accompanied by discoloration, and in these areas, the resistivity of the AZO layers increased markedly. The causes of degradation of CIGS cells after high temperature and DH tests were suggested through X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis. The high‐temperature‐induced degradation behaviors were revealed to be increases in series resistance of the CIGS cells, due to the adsorption of oxygen on the AZO, CIGS, and Mo layers. The degradation behavior after DH (85 °C/85% RH) exposure was caused by the adsorption of oxygen, as well as the generation of Zn(OH)2 due to water molecules. In particular, the humidity‐induced degradation behavior in discolored CIGS modules was ascribed to the generation of Zn(OH)2 and carboxylic acids in the AZO layer, due to a chemical reaction between the AZO, ethylene‐vinyl acetate copolymer, and water. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
152.
Hyuk Jae Kwon Youngjin Kim In-Sik Nam Seong Moon Jung Ju-Hyung Lee 《Topics in Catalysis》2010,53(7-10):439-446
A paper-like ceramic fiber was employed as a monolith substrate for removing NO by NH3. The stronger hydrothermal stability of the ceramic fiber washcoated with V2O5/TiO2 was observed by the pre-calcination of the substrate, mainly due to the well dispersed AlPO4 formed on the substrate surface improving the washcoating of the catalysts and moderating the phase transformation of TiO2 from anatase to rutile. 相似文献
153.
Utilisation possibility of Enterococcus faecalis isolates from neonate's faeces for production of fermented sausages as starter cultures
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Hoa Van Ba Hyun‐Woo Seo Soo‐Hyun Cho Yoon‐Seok Kim Jin‐Hyoung Kim Beom‐Young Park Hyun‐Wook Kim Jun‐Sang Ham Pil‐Nam Seong 《International Journal of Food Science & Technology》2017,52(7):1660-1669
This study aimed at assessing the utilisation possibility of Enterococcus faecalis as starter cultures for production of fermented sausages. The E. faecalis isolates isolated from faeces samples of 5‐day‐old healthy newborn babies, identified by 16SrDNA sequencing and free from virulence determinants as proven by genomic sequencing, were used for fermented sausages production as starter culture. Six treatments (four inoculated with four different E. faecalis isolates, one with commercial starter culture and one control) were prepared. The inoculation with E. faecalis showed a stronger acidification compared with the control. The treatments with E. faecalis showed significantly higher flavour and acceptability scores in comparison with the control or commercial starter culture. Both of commercial starter culture and E. faecalis were positive with tyramine. Apart from the amine production, the inoculation with E. faecalis generally improved the acidifying activity and flavour of the products, suggesting their application potentials in fermented sausages production as starter cultures. 相似文献
154.
Fabrication of oxide pellets containing lumped Gd2O3 using Y2O3‐stabilized ZrO2 for burnable absorber fuel applications
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Qusai M. Mistarihi Wooseong Park Kyungseok Nam Mohd‐Syukri Yahya Yonghee Kim Ho Jin Ryu 《国际能源研究杂志》2018,42(6):2141-2151
In this paper, the fabrication of novel burnable absorber fuel concepts with oxide pellets, containing either a lumped Gd2O3 rod, a mini‐pellet, or a spherical particle in the centerline of the oxide pellet, is investigated to propose the lumped Gd2O3 burnable absorber fuel concept to improve nuclear fuel performance with longer fuel cycle lengths and better fuel utilization. The unique characteristic of the lumped Gd2O3 burnable absorber fuel is its high spatial self‐shielding factor that reduces its burnout rate and, therefore, improves the reactivity control. Oxide pellets containing lumped Gd2O3 were fabricated by using a combination of cold isostatic pressing and microwave sintering at 1500°C to understand the potential technical issues in the fabrication of duplex burnable absorber fuel. The effect of the sintering temperature on the densification and phase transformation of 8 wt.% yttria‐stabilized zirconia, a surrogate for UO2, was investigated. Spherical Gd2O3 particles were fabricated by the drip casting of a Gd2O3‐based Na alginate solution. The fabrication of duplex oxide pellets by using presintered Gd2O3 mini‐pellets resulted in internal cracks at the interface between the Gd2O3 and 8 wt.% yttria‐stabilized zirconia layers because of the mismatch of their densification. However, the formation of interfacial cracks was eliminated by controlling the initial sintered density of the lumped Gd2O3. 相似文献
155.
In this letter, the constant driving power reduction ratio has been achieved for column drivers regardless of the input image by incorporating a new static power reduction scheme into the previous dynamic power reduction method. The measured power reduction ratio is around 50% for a 120 Hz liquid crystal display panel in such cases of still input video and fallback. 相似文献
156.
Seong-Cheol Jang Byung Yong Lee Suk Woo Nam Hyung Chul Ham Jonghee Han Sung Pil Yoon Seong-Geun Oh 《International Journal of Hydrogen Energy》2014
Lump-free Ni-5 wt% Al alloy powder was successfully prepared using an AlCl3 activator at 400 °C under vacuum. The AlCl3 activator served as the catalyst, lowering the fabrication temperature by 1000 °C compared with the temperature required for the conventional process. The Ni–Al alloy was formed by the following steps: the formation of NiAl by the reaction of the Ni surface with AlCl2 or AlCl produced by the reaction between Al and AlCl3, the formation of Ni3Al by Al diffusion and reaction, and the formation of a Ni–Al solid solution by Al diffusion into the Ni matrix until the solubility limitation was reached. Although lowering the alloying temperature lengthens the reaction time, the time could be reduced by controlling the amount of AlCl3. A single cell test and a creep test were also conducted using a green sheet of as-prepared Ni–Al alloy powder as an anode of a molten carbonate fuel cell (MCFC). 相似文献
157.
158.
A small air-breathing proton exchange membrane fuel cell with a cylindrical configuration (Cy-PEMFC) and a helical flow-channel was developed to provide a uniform contact pressure to the membrane electrode assembly (MEA) with a thin cathode current collector. A comparison of the contact pressure and performance of the Cy-PEMFC and general planar PEMFC was performed to determine the effect of the cylindrical configuration. For the contact pressure comparison, numerical analysis was performed using commercial software. Numerical analysis showed that the Cy-PEMFC has its own structural advantage of changing the applied clamping pressure to a uniformly distributed contact pressure. The actual pressure measurements were carried out with pressure-sensitive film to support results of numerical analysis. These results also showed that the Cy-PEMFC had a uniformly distributed contact pressure, whereas the planar PEMFC did not. The polarization curves of both PEMFCs were measured to determine the performance variations caused by the uniform contact pressure and better mass transfer. The maximum power density of the Cy-PEMFC was 220 mW/cm2, which was approximately 24% higher than the planar PEMFC. 相似文献
159.
Neung‐Ju Lee Nam‐In Kang Won‐Jei Cho Seon‐Hee Kim Kyung‐Tae Kang Emmanuel A Theodorakis 《Polymer International》2001,50(9):1010-1015
A new monomer, exo‐3,6‐epoxy‐1,2,3,6‐tetrahydrophthalimidocaproic acid (ETCA), was prepared by reaction of maleimidocaproic acid and furan. The homopolymer of ETCA and its copolymers with acrylic acid (AA) or with vinyl acetate (VAc) were obtained by photopolymerizations using 2,2‐dimethoxy‐2‐phenylacetophenone as an initiator at 25 °C. The synthesized ETCA and its polymers were identified by FTIR, 1H NMR and 13C NMR spectroscopies. The apparent average molecular weights and polydispersity indices determined by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) were as follows: Mn = 9600 g mol?1, Mw = 9800 g mol?1, Mw/Mn = 1.1 for poly(ETCA); Mn = 14 300 g mol?1, Mw = 16 200 g mol?1, Mw/Mn = 1.2 for poly(ETCA‐co‐AA); Mn = 17 900 g mol?1, Mw = 18 300 g mol?1, Mw/Mn = 1.1 for poly(ETCA‐co‐VAc). The in vitro cytotoxicity of the synthesized compounds against mouse mammary carcinoma and human histiocytic lymphoma cancer cell lines decreased in the following order: 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU) ≥ ETCA > polymers. The in vivo antitumour activity of the polymers against Balb/C mice bearing sarcoma 180 tumour cells was greater than that of 5‐FU at all doses tested. © 2001 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
160.