Synthesis and characterization of in situ polymerized segmented thermoplastic elastomeric polyurethane/layered silicate clay nanocomposites

Nanocomposites based on thermoplastic elastomeric polyurethane (TPU) and layered silicate clay were prepared by in situ synthesis. The properties of nanocomposites of TPU with unmodified clay were compared with that of organically modified clay. The nanocomposites of the TPU and organomodified clay showed better dispersion and exhibited superior properties. Exfoliation of the clay layers was observed at low organoclay contents, whereas an intercalated morphology was observed at higher clay contents. As one of major purposes of this study, the effect of the silicate layers in the nanocomposites on the order–disorder transition temperature (T_ODT) of the TPU was evaluated from the intensity change of the hydrogen‐bonded and free carbonyl stretching peaks and from the peak position change of the N? H bending peak. The presence of the organoclay increased T_ODT by approximately 10°C, which indicated improved stability in the phase‐separated domain structure. The layered silicate clay caused a tremendous improvement in the stiffness of the TPU; meanwhile, a reduction in the ultimate elongation was observed. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 102: 3048–3055, 2006     

Synthesis and non‐isothermal crystallization behavior of poly(ethylene phthalate‐co‐terephthalate)s

A series of poly(ethylene phthalate‐co‐terephthalate)s were synthesized by melt polycondensation of ethylene glycol (EG) with dimethyl phthalate (DMP) and dimethyl terephthalate (DMT) in various proportions. The DMT‐rich polymers were obtained with reasonably high molecular weights, whereas the DMP‐rich polymers were synthesized with relatively low molecular weights due to steric effects associated with the highly kinked DMP monomer. The compositions and thermal properties of the polymers were determined. The copolymers containing DMP in amounts of ≤ 21 mol% were crystallizable, whereas the other polymers were not. All the polymers exhibited a single glass transition temperature. Analysis of the measured glass transition temperatures and crystal melting temperatures confirmed that the DMT‐rich copolymers are random copolymers. The non‐isothermal crystallization behaviors of the DMT‐rich copolymers were investigated by calorimetry and modified Avrami analysis. The Avrami exponents n were found to range from 2.7 to 3.8, suggesting that the copolymers crystallize via a heterogeneous nucleation and spherulitic growth mechanism; that is, the incorporation of DMP units as the minor component does not change the growth mechanism of the copolymers. In addition, the activation energies of the crystallizations of the copolymers were determined; the copolymers were found to have higher activation energies than the PET homopolymer. Polym. Eng. Sci. 44:1682–1691, 2004. © 2004 Society of Plastics Engineers.     

Preparation and swelling behavior of biodegradable hydrogels based on α,β‐poly(N‐2‐hydroxyethyl‐DL‐aspartamide)

Biodegradable polymers and the hydrogels have been increasingly applied in a variety of biomedical fields and pharmaceutics. α,β‐Poly(N‐2‐hydroxyethyl‐DL ‐aspartamide), PHEA, one of poly(amino acid)s with hydroxyethyl pendants, are known to be biodegradable and biocompatible, and has been studied as an useful biomaterial, especially for drug delivery, via appropriate structural modification. In this work, hydrogels based on PHEA were prepared by two‐step reaction, that is, the crosslinking of polysuccinimide, the precursor polymer, with oligomeric PEG or PEI‐diamines and the following nucleophilic ring‐opening reaction by ethanolamine. Soft hydrogels possessing varying degrees of gel strength could be prepared easily, depending on the amount of different crosslinking reagents. The swelling degrees, which were in the range of 10–40 g–water/dry gel, increased somewhat at higher temperature, and also at alkaline pH of aqueous solution. A typical hydrogel remained almost unchanged for 1 week, at 37°C in phosphate buffer of pH 7.4, and then seemed to degrade slowly as time. A porous scaffold could be fabricated by the freeze drying of water‐swollen gel. The PHEA‐based hydrogels have potential for useful biomaterial applications including current drug delivery system. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 90: 3741–3746, 2003     

"SSR模式"在《空间信息技术导论》教学中的应用

分析了在网络技术广泛应用的背景下教与学的特点和面临的问题,结合<空间信息技术导论>课程的特点,阐述了在教学中应用"自学-讨论-科学研究"教学模式的具体做法.     

碳纤维增强聚合物基复合材料修补空心柱体结构的屈曲分析

采用有限元数值方法和解析方法研究了碳纤维增强聚合物基复合材料(CFRP)加固含损伤空心柱体钢结构在压缩载荷作用下的屈曲问题。通过有限元数值仿真对受轴向压缩载荷的含损伤钢结构进行了纤维增强复合材料的模拟修复,采用八节点复合材料板壳单元模拟复合材料补片结构,考虑理想黏结,通过约束方程建立了CFRP加固含损伤空心柱体钢结构屈曲分析的有限元模型,计算了钢结构的屈曲临界载荷,并与基于能量原理推导的CFRP加固受轴向压缩载荷空心柱体屈曲载荷的理论公式做了比较。参数讨论表明,粘贴CFRP对提高受压结构载荷效果显著;通过改善CFRP层参数可提高结构的临界载荷,增强修补效果;有限元法结果与解析公式计算结果比较吻合。     

嗜酸氧化亚铁硫杆菌驯化条件的研究

随着办研究氧化亚铁硫杆菌结果表明,最佳培养温度为30℃左右,最佳生长pH为2.0～2.5,最佳生长初始Fe2＋浓为0115mol/L左右,在进行细菌培养时接种量取10%比较恰当。低pH值和高浓度Fe2＋驯化后,在培养温度30℃、初始pH值1.5、初始Fe2＋浓度25g/L条件下,氧化亚铁硫杆菌仍能保持一定的Fe2＋氧化活性,6天Fe2＋氧化率可达82.28%,Fe2＋平均氧化速率达3.43g/L/d,pH值的变化是先上升后下降,最后稳定在1.81。     

Temperature distribution and dynamic control of secondary cooling in slab continuous casting

To predict and optimize the temperature distribution of slab continuous casting in steady operational state, a three-dimensional model (named offline model) based on the heat transfer and solidification theories was developed. Both heat transfer and flux distribution characteristics of the nozzle sprays on the slab were considered, and the complicated boundary condi-tions, such as spray cooling, natural convection, thermal radiation as well as contact cooling of individual rolls were involved in the model. ...     

电信网安全防护中的信令防护技术

信令安全是电信网安全研究中的一个重要课题,总结了现有针对信令的主动防护与被动防护技术,提出了一种基于＂插入＂方式的信令防护技术,设计了2种不同的隐形接入方式,实现了在不需要对网络进行改造,也不改变现有网络拓扑与配置前提下的一种行之有效的信令防护的快速部署。     

脱硫石膏－粉煤灰活性掺合料设计及水化特性

针对电厂两大工业废渣--烟气脱硫石膏及粉煤灰,通过试验研发用于混凝土的活性复合矿物掺合料.以适当比例复合后的脱硫石膏及粉煤灰等量取代水泥掺入到水泥砂浆中,通过活性激发措施,以胶砂流动度、早期强度以及强度发展规律等作为控制指标探索脱硫石膏及粉煤灰的最优配比,同时通过微细观结构的SEM观测评价脱硫石膏-粉煤灰活性矿物掺合料在水泥基材料中的作用效应.结果表明,脱硫石膏及粉煤灰以1:2的比例复合等量取代水泥30%掺入水泥砂浆中,可获得较为优异的胶砂流动度、早期强度,而后期强度能赶上甚至超过基准水泥胶砂;SEM表明由于脱硫石膏及其它外加组分的活性激发效应,粉煤灰的活性得到有效激发,早期有明显的钙矾石生成.脱硫石膏-粉煤灰复合矿物掺合料的研发可大量消纳燃煤电厂的工业废渣,且在水泥基材料体系中具有优异的水化及低成本特性,具有显著的"绿色"效应,符合中国"可持续发展"的战略要求.     

企业安全生产事故隐患治理体系

安全生产领域事故隐患是由人的不安全行为、物的不安全状态、不良作业环境及安全管理缺陷4个方面因素综合作用造成的.笔者利用安全系统工程的方法,从企业安全生产可持续发展的角度,提出建立事故隐患治理体系的方法和方案,包括隐患排查、评估、分级、评价和整改,其对生产企业事故排查、隐患治理、隐患监管具有一定的现实意义.