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71.
The purpose of this research was to investigate the ice growth of a single crystal in three dimensions. Three-dimensional pattern of ice crystal growth in supercooled water was observed using Mach–Zehnder spectro-interferometer. Temperature was varied from −0.3 to −1.6 °C. It was found that the ice crystal began to grow as a single crystal at the tip of the capillary tube and propagated freely in supercooled water. Time variation of the shape of dendrite on a–c plane was obtained. It was found that half parabola fits the shape very closely, and the coefficient of squared term, a, of a quadratic function was calculated. The coefficient, a varied in time but at quasi steady state it was found to be depending mostly upon the degree of supercooling. Furthermore, the growth velocity in c-axis at the flat surface was calculated from the thickness measured. It was found that the velocity in c-axis is independent of the degree of supercooling but depends upon time, in other words, the thickness in c-axis. 相似文献
72.
73.
Transparent hexagonal BN films were deposited onto copper substrates from the reactant gas BCl3-NH3-H2 at temperatures in the range 250–700°C. The lowest deposition temperature of the films was about 250°C. The films deposited at temperatures below 450°C were unstable in moist atmosphere and devitrified; a 20%–30% decrease in weight was observed when these films were heated above 600°C in an argon atmosphere. In contrast, the films deposited at temperatures above 600°C were very stable, decreased in weight by 1%–2% on heating and were stable in air at temperatures below 750°C. 相似文献
74.
Takaaki Sakakibara Hiroshi Murase Eiichi Haginomori Seiji Wakabayashi Kunio Emoto Akihide Ogawa 《Electrical Engineering in Japan》1999,129(2):40-50
This paper describes the results of tests and discussions carried out to develop a system for partial discharge monitoring in GIS. They include the propagation characteristics of partial discharge pulses in each GIS component, as well as the test results obtained using an actual 300‐kV GIS. We also report the results of verification test on the GIS partial discharge monitoring and location system developed by the authors. © 1999 Scripta Technica, Electr Eng Jpn, 129(2): 40–50, 1999 相似文献
75.
Tomoko Okuyama Jun Shirakawa Kazuki Tajima Yoko Ino Heidrun Vethe Yu Togashi Mayu Kyohara Ryota Inoue Daisuke Miyashita Jinghe Li Nozomi Goto Taiga Ichikawa Shingo Yamasaki Haruka Ohnuma Rie Takayanagi Yayoi Kimura Hisashi Hirano Yasuo Terauchi 《International journal of molecular sciences》2020,21(21)
76.
Jinting Jiu Seiji Isoda Motonari Adachi Hao Wang 《Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics》2007,18(6):593-597
Nanocrystalline TiO2 with 3–10 nm in diameter was prepared with a surfactant-template method. Dye-sensitized solar cells were assembled using
the prepared nanocrystalline TiO2 with large surface area and high crystallinity, which achieved significant higher Jsc when compared to cells fabricated with
bigger particles of 25 nm in diameter. In the cells with nanocrystalline TiO2, the sintering temperature drastically affected the conversion performance of the cells. 相似文献
77.
N. Inoue D. Ito Y. Hold-Geoffroy L. Mai B. Price T. Yamasaki 《Computer Graphics Forum》2020,39(2):451-462
We present RGB2AO, a novel task to generate ambient occlusion (AO) from a single RGB image instead of screen space buffers such as depth and normal. RGB2AO produces a new image filter that creates a non-directional shading effect that darkens enclosed and sheltered areas. RGB2AO aims to enhance two 2D image editing applications: image composition and geometry-aware contrast enhancement. We first collect a synthetic dataset consisting of pairs of RGB images and AO maps. Subsequently, we propose a model for RGB2AO by supervised learning of a convolutional neural network (CNN), considering 3D geometry of the input image. Experimental results quantitatively and qualitatively demonstrate the effectiveness of our model. 相似文献
78.
Wakui C Akiyama H Watanabe T Fitch MM Uchikawa S Ki M Takahashi K Chiba R Fujii A Hino A Maitani T 《Shokuhin eiseigaku zasshi. Journal of the Food Hygienic Society of Japan》2004,45(1):19-24
A histochemical assay for detecting genetically modified (GM) papaya (derived from Line 55-1) is described. GM papaya, currently undergoing a safety assessment in Japan, was developed using a construct that included a beta-glucuronidase (GUS) reporter gene linked to a virus coat protein (CP) gene. Histochemical assay was used to visualize the blue GUS reaction product from transgenic seed embryos. Twelve embryos per fruit were extracted from the papaya seeds using a surgical knife. The embryos were incubated with the substrate 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl-beta-D-glucuronide (X-Gluc) in a 96-well microtiter plate for 10-15 hours at 37 degrees C. Seventy-five percent of GM papaya embryos should turn blue theoretically. The histochemical assay results were completely consistent with those from a qualitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method developed by this laboratory. Furthermore, the method was validated in a five-laboratory study. The method for detection of GM papaya is rapid and simple, and does not require use of specialized equipment. 相似文献
79.
Watanabe T Furukawa S Kitamoto K Takatsuki A Hirata R Ogihara H Yamasaki M 《International journal of food microbiology》2005,105(2):131-137
As a non-thermal sterilization process, high-pressure carbon dioxide treatment (HPCT) is considered to be promising. The main sterilizing effect of HPCT is thought to be acidification in cytoplasm of microorganisms. We investigated the tolerance mechanism of Saccharomyces cerevisiae to HPCT with special reference to vacuolar and plasma membrane H(+)-ATPases. HPCT was imposed at 35 degrees C, 4 to 10 MPa, for 10 min. slp1 mutant defective in vacuole morphogenesis was more sensitive to HPCT than its isogenic parent. Concanamycin A, a specific inhibitor of vacuolar H(+)-ATPase (V-ATPase), at 10 microM rendered the parent more HPCT-sensitive to the level of slp1. To confirm further the contribution of V-ATPase to the tolerance against HPCT in S. cerevisiae, we compared vma1 mutant of V-ATPase with its isogenic parent for their HPCT sensitivity. vma1 mutant was more sensitive to HPCT than its parent. Addition of 10 microM vanadate, an inhibitor of plasma membrane H(+)-ATPase (P-ATPase), to the wild type strains also increased the inactivation ratio. These results clearly show that V- and P-ATPases contribute to the tolerance against HPCT in S. cerevisiae by accumulating excess H(+) from cytoplasm to vacuole and excluding H(+) outside of the cell, respectively. 相似文献
80.
Yukiko Hara‐Kudo Akiko Yamasaki Miho Sasaki Tsutomu Okubo Yuji Minai Minoru Haga Kazuo Kondo Yoshiko Sugita‐Konishi 《Journal of the science of food and agriculture》2005,85(14):2354-2361
Antibacterial effects of catechins, the major green tea polyphenols, were studied using Clostridium and Bacillus spores. Incubation with crude catechins decreased the number of C botulinum and C butyricum spores but not B cereus spores. Furthermore, the effects of six catechin derivatives on spores were investigated. (−)‐Epicatechin gallate (ECg), (−)‐epigallocatechin (EGC), (−)‐epigallocatechin gallate (EGCg) and (+)‐gallocatechin gallate (GCg) were more effective in decreasing C botulinum and C butyricum spore numbers than (+)‐catechin (C) and (−)‐epicatechin (EC). The vegetative growth of C botulinum and B cereus was inhibited by crude extracts of the catechins. Specifically, purified GCg and EGCg inhibited the vegetative growth of C botulinum and B cereus. The inhibitory effect of ECg on B cereus was similar to that of GCg. However, toxin‐production by B cereus was not inhibited by catechin. Damage to the membrane of C butyricum spores by catechin derivatives was shown using fluorescent microscopy. This study shows that low concentrations of catechins, although requiring a long exposure time, inhibited the growth of bacterial spores. However, the effects of the purified derivatives of the catechins were not the same and GCg and EGCg were found to be the most potent. Spores that are generally resistant to many disinfectants were sensitive to catechins. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献