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61.
Bruno Rossi Barbara Russo Giancarlo Succi 《Information and Software Technology》2011,53(11):1209-1226
Context
Adopting IT innovation in organizations is a complex decision process driven by technical, social and economic issues. Thus, those organizations that decide to adopt innovation take a decision of uncertain success of implementation, as the actual use of a new technology might not be the one expected. The misalignment between planned and effective use of innovation is called assimilation gap.Objective
This research aims at defining a quantitative instrument for measuring the assimilation gap and applying it to the case of the adoption of OSS.Method
In this paper, we use the theory of path dependence and increasing returns of Arthur. In particular, we model the use of software applications (planned or actual) by stochastic processes defined by the daily amounts of files created with the applications. We quantify the assimilation gap by comparing the resulting models by measures of proximity.Results
We apply and validate our method to a real case study of introduction of OpenOffice. We have found a gap between the planned and the effective use despite well-defined directives to use the new OS technology. These findings suggest a need of strategy re-calibration that takes into account environmental factors and individual attitudes.Conclusions
The theory of path dependence is a valid instrument to model the assimilation gap provided information on strategy toward innovation and quantitative data on actual use are available. 相似文献62.
Alberto Quattrini Li Riccardo Cipolleschi Michele Giusto Francesco Amigoni 《Autonomous Robots》2016,40(4):581-597
Coordinated multirobot exploration involves autonomous discovering and mapping of the features of initially unknown environments by using multiple robots. Autonomously exploring mobile robots are usually driven, both in selecting locations to visit and in assigning them to robots, by knowledge of the already explored portions of the environment, often represented in a metric map. In the literature, some works addressed the use of semantic knowledge in exploration, which, embedded in a semantic map, associates spatial concepts (like ‘rooms’ and ‘corridors’) with metric entities, showing its effectiveness in improving the total area explored by robots. In this paper, we build on these results and propose a system that exploits semantic information to push robots to explore relevant areas of initially unknown environments, according to a priori information provided by human users. Discovery of relevant areas is significant in some search and rescue settings, in which human rescuers can instruct robots to search for victims in specific areas, for example in cubicles if a disaster happened in an office building during working hours. We propose to speed up the exploration of specific areas by using semantic information both to select locations to visit and to determine the number of robots to allocate to those locations. In this way, for example, more robots could be assigned to a candidate location in a corridor, so the attached rooms can be explored faster. We tested our semantic-based multirobot exploration system within a reliable robot simulator and we evaluated its performance in realistic search and rescue indoor settings with respect to state-of-the-art approaches. 相似文献
63.
64.
Riccardo Bernardini Roberto Rinaldo 《International Journal of Information Security》2017,16(3):249-261
The recent availability of reliable schemes for physically unclonable constants (PUC) opens interesting possibilities in the field of security. In this paper, we explore the possibility of using PUCs to embed in a chip random permutations to be used, for example, as building blocks in cryptographic constructions such as sponge functions, substitution–permutation networks, and so on. We show that the most difficult part is the generation of random integers using as the only randomness source the bit-string produced by the PUC. In order to solve the integer generation problem, we propose a partial rejection method that allows the designer to trade-off between entropy and efficiency. The results show that the proposed schemes can be implemented with reasonable complexity. 相似文献
65.
We examine four approaches for dealing with the logical omniscience problem and their potential applicability: the syntactic approach, awareness, algorithmic knowledge, and impossible possible worlds. Although in some settings these approaches are equi-expressive and can capture all epistemic states, in other settings of interest (especially with probability in the picture), we show that they are not equi-expressive. We then consider the pragmatics of dealing with logical omniscience—how to choose an approach and construct an appropriate model. 相似文献
66.
The design of an adaptive learning regulator is addressed for uncertain minimum phase linear systems (with known bounds, known upper bound on system order, known relative degree, known high frequency gain sign) and for unknown exosystems (with unknown order, uncertain frequencies). On the basis of a known bound on system uncertainties and a known bound on the modeled exosystem frequencies, a new adaptive output error feedback control algorithm is proposed which guarantees exponential convergence of both the output and the control input errors into residual bounds which decrease as the exosystem modeling error decreases. Exponential convergence of both errors to zero is obtained when the regulator exactly models all exosystem excited frequencies, while asymptotic convergence of both errors to zero is achieved when the actual exosystem is overmodeled by the regulator. The new algorithm generalizes existing learning controllers since, in the case of periodic references and/or disturbances, the knowledge of the period is not required. 相似文献
67.
68.
An alternative procedure for drought risk assessment and for the mitigation of drought risk is proposed in the paper. An analysis
of the relationship between failure of water supply systems and reservoir volumes for the urban area of Firenze in central
Tuscany, in central Italy, is performed. Long term simulations are carried out using the software package WEAP. A simplified
model of the water resources system is built to assess the threshold values and the management rules. The probability to have
definite degree of shortage in the water supply system is evaluated in function of the volume stored in the reservoir at the
beginning of the month with Monte Carlo simulations. The reservoir levels and volumes are simulated using time series of the
period 1970–2005. Four scenarios (i.e. normal, pre-alert, alert and emergency) associated with different levels of severity
of drought are defined. Threshold values are identified considering the probability to assure a given fraction of the demand
in a certain time horizon, and are calibrated with an optimization method, which try to minimize the water shortages, especially
the heavier. The critical situations are assessed month by month in order to evaluate optimal management rules during the
year and avoid conditions of total water shortage. 相似文献
69.
This paper addresses the problem of target coverage for wireless sensor networks, where the sensing range of sensors can vary, thereby saving energy when only close targets need to be monitored. Two versions of this problem are addressed. In the first version, sensing ranges are supposed to be continuously adjustable (up to the maximum sensing range). In the second version, sensing ranges have to be chosen among a set of predefined values common to all sensors. An exact approach based on a column generation algorithm is proposed for solving these problems. The use of a genetic algorithm within the column generation scheme significantly decreases computation time, which results in an efficient exact approach. 相似文献
70.
S. Bazzarri G. Cicoli P. De Felice G. Rossi F. Sedda 《Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research. Section A, Accelerators, spectrometers, detectors and associated equipment》2006,560(2):640-642
Experimental tests are described to check solid 241Am radioactive sources used to monitor operation of liquid xenon detectors. In particular, radioactive leakage was tested in extreme temperature conditions following immersion in liquid nitrogen for different time periods. No radioactivity loss was detected from the sources considered. The paper describes the source characteristics, test methods and results obtained. 相似文献