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81.
Ti-Al intermetallics have been produced using mechanical alloying technique. A composition of Ti-48Al-2Nb at % powders was mechanically alloyed for various durations of 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 h. At the early stages of milling, a Ti (Al) solid solution is formed, on further milling the formation of amorphous phase occurs. Traces of TiAl and Ti3Al were formed with major Ti and Al phases after milling at 40 h and beyond. When further milled, phases of intermetallic compounds like TiAl and Ti3Al were formed after 80 hours of milling and they also found in 100 h milled powders. The powders milled for different durations were sintered at 785°C in vacuum. The mechanically alloyed powders as well as the sintered compacts were characterized by XRD, FESEM and DTA to determine the phases, crystallite size, microstructures and the influence of sintering over mechanical alloying. 相似文献
82.
Nanosized zinc sulfide (ZnS) has been synthesized by the mechanochemical route using zinc acetate and sodium sulfide as source materials in a high energy planetary ball mill (HEPBM) with 300 rpm for 2 h. The mechanochemically synthesized powders have been analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) for phase analysis, Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM) for the morphological characterization, UV–vis–NIR spectrophotometer for determining band gap energy and Fluorescence spectroscopy for determining the emission wavelength. The crystallite size of the synthesized ZnS nanoparticles calculated by the Debye–Scherer's formula is in the range 7–9 nm. FESEM morphology shows the fibrous structure of ZnS samples. The value of optical band gap has been found to be in the range 5.2–5.3 eV. Room temperature photoluminescence (PL) spectrum of the samples exhibits a blue light emission using UV excitation wavelength of 280 nm. 相似文献
83.
S. Neupane G. Kaganas R. Valenzuela L. Kumari X. W. Wang W. Z. Li 《Journal of Materials Science》2011,46(14):4803-4811
We report the synthesis of ruthenium dioxide (RuO2) nanostructures by thermal evaporation of RuO2 powder. RuO2 nanostructures of different shapes were synthesized at various concentration, flow rate, and pressure of oxygen. At a constant
pressure of 3 torr of flowing oxygen, polygonal prism-like RuO2 nanorods with flat tips were grown at an O2 flow rate of 100 sccm; club-shaped nanorods with obelisk tip were formed at 300 and 600 sccm, and hollow rods with square
tip were formed at 1800 sccm. A mixture of O2 and Ar at a total flow rate of 600 sccm led to the formation of short club-shaped nanorods indicating the suppression effect
of Ar on the growth of nanorods. The pressure also had a significant effect on the formation of RuO2 nanostructures, at a fixed flow rate of 600 sccm of O2, a pressure of 3 torr resulted in the growth of club-shaped RuO2 nanorods, while high pressures of 380 and 760 torr resulted in the formation of both linear club-shaped and pine tree-like
hierarchical RuO2 nanorods. X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy analysis indicated the formation of tetragonal phase of
RuO2 with high crystallinity. A density functional calculation on RuO2, RuO3, and RuO4 was performed to help to explain the experimental results. 相似文献
84.
Siba Prasada Panigrahi Sasmita Kumari Padhy Santanu Kumar Nayak 《International Journal of Adaptive Control and Signal Processing》2010,24(1):41-50
This paper addresses the exhaustive computational complexity of the maximum‐a‐posteriori equalizer and the inefficiency of the conventional decision feedback equalizer (DFE) algorithm in iterative equalization, especially when the higher‐level modulation is used with severely distorted Inter Symbol Interference channels. The new method proposed here improves the bit error rate (BER) performance by computing the extra metric rn+1 using the feedback symbols from previous iteration and combining it with a priori information of the symbols. After each iteration, the hard‐detected symbols are saved in the memory as a priori data for next iteration. We verified the proposed algorithm for Binary Phase Shift Keying and 8‐phase shift keying modulation. The promising simulation results show that the BER performance given by the proposed low complexity DFE algorithm improved dramatically throughout the iterations when the conventional DFE has only insignificant improvement in the process of iterative equalization. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
85.
Conoidal shells are very popular roofing units owing to their aesthetic elegance and stiffness. Many parts of the globe, which were earlier assumed to be seismologically stable, are now being considered as earthquake prone. Hence the necessity to build light structures using composites has become very important. In this paper an eight-noded isoparametric shell element is applied for analyzing the bending behavior of delaminated composite conoidal shells under a uniformly distributed load with different practical boundary conditions. To ensure compatibility of deformation and equilibrium of forces and moments at the delamination crack front, a multipoint constraint algorithm is incorporated, which leads to an unsymmetrical stiffness matrix. This formulation is validated through the solution of benchmark problems. Lamination, curvature, and extent of delamination area are varied to compare the performances of delaminated conoidal shells against those with no damage. The results are carefully observed, and a set of conclusions is presented at the end of the paper. 相似文献
86.
Polycrystalline sample of (Na0.5Bi0.5)ZrO3 was prepared using a high-temperature solid-state reaction technique. XRD analysis indicated the formation of a single-phase
orthorhombic structure. Dielectric study revealed the diffuse phase transition at 425 °C. AC impedance plots were used as
tools to analyse the electrical behaviour of the sample as a function of frequency at different temperatures. The ac impedance
studies revealed the presence of grain boundary effect at and above 350 °C. Complex impedance analysis indicated non-Debye
type dielectric relaxation and negative temperature coefficient of resistance (NTCR) character of (Na0.5Bi0.5)ZrO3. AC conductivity data were used to evaluate the density of states at Fermi level and activation energy of the compound. DC
electrical and thermal conductivities of grain and grain boundary have been assessed. 相似文献
87.
Sharma H. Kumari Kiran Singh L. S. Choudhary R. N. P. 《Bulletin of Materials Science》2002,25(2):133-136
The polycrystalline samples of Ca4Bi2Ti4Nb6O30 (herein designated CBTN) were synthesized by the conventional ceramic method. Preliminary X-ray structural study of the compound
showed the formation of a single phase solid solution having orthorhombic structure in the paraelectric phase. Measurements
of the dielectric constant (ε) and dielectric loss (tan δ) as a function of temperature (−180–200°C) at 1 kHz and 10 kHz and
also as a function of frequency (102 Hz to 104 Hz) at five different temperatures [−180°C, −40°C, − 10°C 26°C (room temperature) and 75°C] have shown a dielectric anomaly
and a phase transition at − 13 ±1°C in CBTN. 相似文献
88.
We consider a RAKE receiver for coherent binary orthogonal signaling employing predetection maximal-ratio combining (MRC), in which the tap weights are estimated by adding two matched filtered outputs using the two reference signals. The weight estimation errors here are not independent of the additive channel noise, and therefore do not fit into the Gaussian error model for MRC. Instead of analyzing the distribution of the weight estimation errors, we find the characteristic function of the decision variable, and from it we obtain a formula for the symbol error probability 相似文献
89.
Consider a Rake receiver for coherent binary antipodal signaling with: 1) a delayed received signal configuration; 2) weight estimation by matched filtering using the reference signal along with the decisions of the previous M symbol intervals; and 3) predetection maximal-ratio combining (MRC). The weight estimation errors here are not independent of the additive noise, and do not fit into the Gaussian weighting error model for MRC. Here we analyze the error performance of the receiver by obtaining the conditional symbol error probability, conditioned on past decisions, from the characteristic function of the decision variable, and getting the unconditional error probability (UEP) for a block of M consecutive symbols using a Markov model of the decision process. The channel is Rayleigh fading with independent and identically distributed branch gains. Results show that the error performance of the Gaussian distributed weighting error model is a bound for that of multiple symbol weight estimation by matched filtering, and the steady state UEP decreases with increase of M, but the amount of decrease reduces as M increases. 相似文献
90.
Processing of Piezocomposites by Fused Deposition Technique 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Amit Bandyopadhyay Raj K. Panda Victor F. Janas Mukesh K. Agarwala Stephen C. Danforth Ahmad Safari 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》1997,80(6):1366-1372
Piezoelectric ceramic/polymer composites were made by a fused deposition (FD) technique, which is a solid-freeform fabrication (or layered manufacturing) technique where three-dimensional (3-D) objects are built layer by layer from a computer-aided design (CAD) file on a computer-controlled fixtureless platform. Indirect and direct FD methods were used to fabricate lead zirconate titanate (PZT)/polymer composites. For the indirect method, a CAD file for the negative image of the final part was created. A polymer mold was made via FD using a thermoplastic filament, and composite formation was completed via a lost mold technique. In the direct FD method, a thermoplastic polymeric filament that was filled with 50–55 vol% of PZT powder was used to form a positive image of the desired structure. Three-dimensional honeycomb ("3-D honeycomb") composites and "ladder" composites with 3-3 connectivity, which were formed via the FD technique, showed excellent electromechanical properties for transducer applications. In addition, the FD technique showed the ability to form composites with controlled phase periodicity, various volume fractions, and a variety of microstructures and macrostructures that are not possible with traditional composite-forming techniques. 相似文献