The prevalence of metabolic disorders, such as type 2 diabetes (T2D), obesity, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which are common risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD), has dramatically increased worldwide over the last decades. Although dietary habit is the main etiologic factor, there is an imperfect correlation between dietary habits and the development of metabolic disease. Recently, research has focused on the role of the microbiome in the development of these disorders. Indeed, gut microbiota is implicated in many metabolic functions and an altered gut microbiota is reported in metabolic disorders. Here we provide evidence linking gut microbiota and metabolic diseases, focusing on the pathogenetic mechanisms underlying this association. 相似文献
Groundwater is a primary source of drinking water in the Mediterranean, however, climate variability in conjunction with mismanagement renders it vulnerable to depletion. Spatiotemporal studies of groundwater recharge are the basis to develop strategies against this phenomenon. In this study, groundwater recharge was spatiotemporally quantified using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) in one coastal and one inland hydrological basin in Greece. A double calibration/validation (CV) procedure using streamflow data and MODIS ET was conducted for the inland basin of Mouriki, whereas only ET values were used in the coastal basin of Anthemountas. Calibration and simulation recharge were accurate in both sites according to statistical indicators and previous studies. In Mouriki basin, mean recharge and runoff were estimated as 16% and 9%, respectively. In Anthemountas basin recharge to the shallow aquifer and surface runoff were estimated as 12% and 16%, respectively. According to the predicted RCP 4.5 and 8.5 scenarios, significant variations in groundwater recharge are predicted in the coastal zone for the period 2020–2040 with average annual recharges decreasing by 30% (RCP 4.5) and 25% (RCP 8.5). Variations in groundwater recharge in the inland catchment of Mouriki were insignificant for the simulated period. Anthemountas basin was characterized by higher runoff rates. Groundwater management in coastal aquifers should include detailed monitoring of hydrological parameters, reinforced groundwater recharge during winter and reduced groundwater abstraction during summer depending on the spatiotemporal distribution of groundwater recharge.
In this paper the process of nonfunctionalized negatively charged orthovanadate nanoparticle accumulation and redistribution in cells dependent on their shape and size was investigated. Aqueous colloidal solutions of nReVO4:Eu3 + (Re = Gd, Y, La) luminescent nanocrystals of different sizes and shapes have been synthesized. The average sizes of spherical particles were 2, 20, and 300 nm, of spindle-like particles – 22 × 6.3 nm, and of rod-like particles – 57 × 4.4 nm. Luminescence of nReVO4:Eu3 + nanocrystals was effectively excited by UV and visible irradiation. By means of luminescence microscopy and luminescence microspectroscopy, it has been revealed that spherical nanocrystals with an average diameter of 2 nm tend to accumulate mainly in the rat hepatocyte nuclei in situ and also in the isolated nuclei of these cells. An additional experiment has shown that nanoparticles reveal tropism to nuclear structural components. The penetration into nuclei does not require any modifications of the surface of nanoparticle and is governed by the shape and size of nanoparticle and also is determined by the cellular type. 相似文献
The objective of this study was to evaluate the antifungal and antioxidant activities of curcumin, ascorbic acid and the mixture of these two compounds. For the antifungal assay, the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) were determined using Candida strains (ATCC and clinical isolates). Curcumin alone inhibited growth of Candida albicans yeast cells, whereas ascorbic acid did not present effects. However, when the mixture of ascorbic acid and curcumin was assayed to determine the association of the two compounds, the curcumin MIC decreased 5- to 10-fold. In the antioxidant assays, the sum of the alone activities of curcumin and ascorbic acid were lower than the activity of the two-compound mixture. This study highlights the importance of the association between two common antioxidants in foods, to improve the antifungal and antioxidant activities of curcumin (in vitro), and can be applied to Candida spp. infection and diseases associated with oxidative stress. 相似文献
The composition of the mixed micelles formed by benzethonium chloride and dodecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide in water were
experimentally determined by a combination of surfactant ion-selective electrodes and UV–Vis spectroscopy measurements. Results
were compared with the computed compositions from three theories on mixed micelles available in the literature (Regular Solution,
Motomura’ and Georgiev’s). The basis of the Junquera and Aicart method and the determination of the micelle aggregation number
(N) by pyrene fluorescence quenching, i.e., the constancy of N and the mixed micelle composition when the total concentration is changed, were not supported by our experimental results. Experimental micelle compositions were statistically equal to those computed
by Regular Solution Theory. The mixed micelle composition and the quantity of non-micellized surfactant molecules change with
concentration above the critical micelle concentration, and therefore do not support the assumptions used in the Junquera
and Aicart procedure and in the determination of N by pyrene fluorescence quenching. The reason why the latter procedure gives N values similar to those obtained from other techniques is discussed. 相似文献